A.

PRESENT

1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Ada dua bentuk kalimat dalam simple present tense yaitu

a. Verbal
Simple present bentuk ini adalah bentuk kalimat yang memiliki verb tapi tidak
memiliki to be.
b. Nominal
Simple present bentuk ini adalah kebalikan dari bentuk verbal, yaitu memiliki to be
tapi tidak memiliki verb.

a. Pattern

VERBAL (+) S + V-1(s/es) + O (-) S + Do/Does + not + (?) Do/Does + S + V-1 +

V-1 + O O
Contoh 1 - Riyan listen music - Riyan doesn’t use - Does Riyan listen
on radio. headset. music by hisself?
Contoh 2 - Diana goes to - Diana doesn’t drive the - Does Diana have a
campus by car. car by herself. driver?

NOMINA (+) S + TO BE + O (-) S + TO BE + Not + (?) TO BE + S + O

L O
Contoh 1 - Kurnia Meiga is a - He is not a striker. - Is he a football player?
goalkeeper of Timnas
Indonesia.
Contoh 2 - Wulan is talkative. - Wulan is not calm. - Is Wulan happy?

b. Usage
 We use to talking about habitual actions or events
Example:
I always brush my teeth every morning.

 We use to talking about facts

Example:
- Indri wears glasses.
- We have two childrens

 We use to talking about future facts

Example:
Yustika comes to my house tomorrow morning.
c. Time signal
 - Usually - Every year
- Seldom - Every month
- Rarely - Every week
- Often - Once
- Never - Once a week
- Sometimes - Twice
- Occasionaly - Twice a year
- Everyday

Note
 Penambahan s/es
Jika subjek kalimat orang ketiga tunggal (He, She, It) kata kerja harus ditambah s/es
dalam kalimat positif (affirmative statement).
Example:
- She speaks English everyday.
- Santos eats banana.
Akhiran “es” digunakan pada kata kerja yang huruf akhirnya “s, sh, ch, x, o”
Example:
- He teaches English everyday.
- Santos goes to the Taman Baca Park.
- She brushes her teeth everyday.
- S
- X

Jika kata kerjanya berakhiran huruf mati + “y” maka harus dirubah menjadi “ies”. Jika
kata kerjanya berakhiran konsonan + “y” langsung saja ditambah s.
Example:
- Idham study in UNCP
- Idham studies in UNCP

 Penggunaan Do/Does
- Do digunakan untuk subjek I, YOU, THEY, WE
- Does digunakan untuk subjek orang ketiga tunggal (He, She, It).
- Do/does pada kalimat tanya berarti “apakah” dan kata kerjanya tidak lagi
ditambah es meskipun subjeknya orang ketiga tunggal.

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

a. Pattern
VERBAL (+) S + TO BE (am, is, (-) S + TO BE + not + (?) TO BE + S + V-1ing +
are) + V-1ing + O V-1ing + O O
Contoh 1 - Dean is asking - Gayus is not - Is gayus getting
Gayus how to improve answering dean’s punishment?
 our English skill. question.
Contoh 2 - Nurafni is borrowing - She is not carrying her - Is she doing her
my laptop. notebook. assignment?

NOMINAL (+) S + TO BE + (-) S + TO BE + not + (?) TO BE + S + Being +

Being + O Being + O O
Contoh 1 - Yustika is being my - Yustika is not being - Is Yustika being
new neighbor. arrogant. friendly?
Contoh 2 - They are being - They are not being - Are they being smart?
diligent. lazy.

b. Usage
 Present continuous also called present progressive
 We use to talk about the action is taking place at the time of speaking.
Example:
- It’s raining.
- They are playing football in the yard.
- Look, astri is coming here.
 We use to talk the action is a set a definite point in the future and its has already been
arranged.
Example:
- I am going to Canada two days later.

c. Time signal
- Now
- Right now
- Today
- At this time
- At the moment

Note

 To be yang digunakan adalah (am, is, are) dan menggunakan present participle.
Present participle adalah kata kerja yng diakhiri dengan –ing.
 Kata kerja yang memiliki akhiran “b, d, g, m, p, t” dan didahului huruf vocal harus di
dobel hurufnya baru ditambah –ing
Example:
- Rub + ing = Rubbing
- Nod + ing = Nodding
- Jog + ing = Jogging
- Swimm + ing = Swimmning
- Drop + ing = Dropping
- Get + ing = Getting
  Jika kata kerja diakhiri huruf e, maka harus di hapus dan ditambah –ing.
Example:
- Chase + ing = Chasing
- Drive + ing = Driving
 Beberapa kata kerja yang tidak digunakan dalam present continuous
 kata-kata yang menyangkut emosi : want, desire, smell, notice, forgive, wish,
care, like, hate, adore, dislike.
 kata-kata yang menyangkut pikiran : think, feel, realize, understand, know, mean,
suppose, believe, expect, remember, recollect, forget, recall, trust, mind.
 kata-kata yang menyangkut milik : own, belong, possess.
 kata-kata kerja seperti : seem, signify, appear,- contain, consist, keep, concern,
matter

3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

a. Pattern
VERBAL (+) S + to have (-) S + to have (?) To have (have/has) +
(have/has) + V-3 + O (have/has) + not + V-3 S + V-3 + O
+O
Contoh 1 - My mother has bought - We haven’t dinner - Has my mother cooked
piece of martabak. together. for dinner?
Contoh 2 - I have baked the satay. - My sister hasn’t eaten - Has my family liked
the satay already. satay?

NOMINA (+) S + to have (-) S + to have (?)To have (have/has) +

L (have/has) + been + O (have/has) + not + Been S + Been + O
+O
Contoh 1 - Ulfah has been nurse - Ulfah hasn’t been - Has Ulfah been a good
for six months. careless. nurse?

Contoh 2 - I have been in Palopo - I haven’t been comer. - Have I been in Palopo?
since ten years ago.

b. Usage
We can use the present perfect when we want to look back from present to the past.
 We can use it to look on the recent past
Example:
- I have taken a course in the VLC for six years.
- The lecturer have cancelled the meeting.
 It can also be used to look back on the more distant past
Example:
- We have examination twice today.
 - They have often talked about it in the past.
 Digunakan juga untuk menceritakan suatu kejadian dimasa lampau dan masih ada
hubungannya dengan waktu sekarang .
Example:
- My brother has passed from Cokroaminoto University.

c. Time signal
- Already - Ever
- Since - Just
- For - Recently
Note

 Present perfect tense menggunakan to be have atau has dan kata kerja bentuk ketiga.
- Have digunakan untuk subjek (I, You, We, They)
- Has digunakan untuk subjek (He, She, It)

4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

a. Pattern

VERBAL (+) S + to have (-)S + to have (have/has) (?) To have (have/has) + S

(have/has) + been + + not + been + V-1 ing + + been + V-1 ing + O
V-1 ing + O O
Contoh 1 - She has been - We haven’t been eating - Has Wulan been
explaining since two for three days. finishing her assignment?
hours.
Contoh 2 I have been waiting Gon hasn’t been studying Has father been reading a
for an hour. the whole day. newspaper?

NOMINA (+) S + to have (-)S + to have (have/has) (?) To have (have/has) + S

L (have/has) + been + + Not + been + being + + been + being + O
being + O O
Contoh 1 - Afni has been being - Afni has not been - Has Afni been being
cheerfull a long day. being cheerfull a long cheerfull a long day?
day
Contoh 2 - I have been being in - I have not been being - Have I been being in
campus since nine in campus since three campus since three
o’clock o’clock o’clock?

b. Usage
 Expresses the duration of an activity that began in the past and is in progress right
now.
Example:
 - I have been watching the drama for three hours.
- Gon has been smiling a long day.
c. Time signal
- for
- for about
- since
- all the day
- how long
- long day
- A whole day
- For over a year