ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res.

12(04), 1175-1180

Journal Homepage: -www.journalijar.com

Article DOI:10.21474/IJAR01/18660
DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/18660

RESEARCH ARTICLE
EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPREHENSIVE BODY MECHANICS ON LOW BACK PAIN AMONG
STAFF NURSES WORKING IN CRITICAL CARE UNIT AND OPERATION THEATER

Mr. G. Raja1, Dr. Prof. I. Safreena2 and Mrs. Mercy Josephin Mary3
1. M. Sc(N) II Year Student, Mohamed Sathak A.J College of Nursing, Chennai.
2. Principal, Mohamed Sathak A.J College of Nursing, Chennai.
3. Assistant Professor, MohamedSathak A.J College of Nursing, Chennai.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
Manuscript Info Abstract
……………………. ………………………………………………………………
Manuscript History Introduction:Low Back pain can affect the people from any age and
Received: 29 February 2024 any different reasons. As people gets older, the chance of developing
Final Accepted: 31 March 2024 chromic low back pain. Low back pain occur in the area of bony
Published: April 2024 lumbar spine, discs between the vertebrae, ligaments around the spine
and discs, spinal cord and nerves, lower back muscles, abdominal and
Key words:-
Comprehensive Body Mechanics, Low pelvic internal organs, and the skin around the lumbar area.
Back Pain, Staff Nurses Working In Aims: To assess the level of low back pain among staff nurses before
Critical Care Unit and Operation Theatre and after comprehensive body mechanics among staff nurses. To
assess the effectiveness of comprehensive body mechanics on low
back pain among staff nurses. To find association between post
interventional level of low back pain with the selected demographic
and clinical variables among staff nurses.
Methodology:Aquasiexperimentalstudywith one group pre test
andposttestdesignwasselectedtoassesstheeffectivenessofcomprehensive
body mechanics on low backpainamong staff nurses working in Critical
care unit and Operation Theater.Samples were selected by using non
probability convient sampling technique as per
theinclusioncriteriaatBharathirajaa Hospital,T Nagar,Chennaiand the
sample size is 60 staff nurses, and were 30 staff nurses from critical
care unit and 30 from Operation theater were selected for Pre and Post
test. Assessment of low back pain was done by numerical rating pain
scale and comprehensive body mechanics were educated to the staff
nurses and post test of low back pain was assessed bythe investigator
andanalyzedusingDescriptiveandInferentialStatistics.
Results:In one group, pre test mean score was 5.75 with S.D 2.48 and
in post test mean score was 3.22 with S.D 1.44. The calculated ‘t’
value of 9.26 shows statistical high significant difference in the low
back pain at p<0.001 level between the one group pre test and post test.
Low back pain had shown statistically significant association with the
gender, BMI, working hours a day. And other demographic and clinical
variables were not shown any statistically significant in one group pre
test and post test.
Conclusion: Thereby the researcher had demonstrated and educated
the staff nurses who were working in Critical care unit and Operation

Corresponding Author:- Mr. G. Raja

Address:- M. Sc( N) II Year Student, Mohamed Sathak A.J College of Nursing, 1175
Chennai.
ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 12(04), 1175-1180

Theater by maintain proper comprehensive body mechanics in

minimizing the level of low back pain.

Copy Right, IJAR, 2024,. All rights reserved.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Introduction:-
Low Back pain is a common one for the absence of work and seeking medical treatment. So it can be result from
injury, activity and some medical conditions. Low Back pain can affect the people from any age and any different
reasons.Proper Body mechanics is a word used for the ways were move as we go for our daily lives and it includes
how we hold our bodies when we sit, stand, lift, carry, bend, and sleep.

Rikupar Iawim et al., (2020) done a study entitled “Teaching program on body mechanics in nursing interventions of
knowledge among staff nurses. The Pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design was adopted for the study.
In this study 30 staff nurses who were working in general ward were selected by using convenience sampling
technique. The tool used for the study were observational check list on practice of body mechanics in selected
nursing interventions and Structured knowledge questionnaire on body mechanics in selected nursing Interventions.
The study revealed that among 30 staff nurse the pre-test and post-test knowledge score was 10.7. Computed ‘t’
(11.8) was found statistically significant at the level of 0.05 significance (‘t’ (29) =2.05 p<0.05).

Objectives:-
1. To assess the level of low back pain among staff nurses before and after maintain the comprehensive body
mechanics.
2. To assess the effectiveness of comprehensive body mechanics on low back pain among staff nurses.
3. To find out the association between post interventional level of low back pain with the selected demographic and
clinical variables among staff nurses.

Methodology:-
A quantitative research approach with Quasi – Experimental one group Pre test and Post test only design was
conducted in Bharathi RajaMultispecialty Hospital, Chennai. 60 samples were selected using Non probability
Convenient sampling technique. The data was collected by using demographic and clinical variable and standardized
MCCAFFERY 0-10 Numerical pain scale. McCaffery Numeric pain scale was is used to assess the pain after
maintain proper body mechanics. It consists of 0 to 10 in which no pain is 0 ,1 – 3 mild pain ,4 – 6 moderate pain
, and 7 -10 severe pain. For data collection Proper body mechanics was applied to Pre group and post test was
conducted.

Results and Discussion:-

Section A:-Description of demographic variables of staff nurses with low back pain.
Demographical variables staff nurses %
Age in years 30-35years 21 35.00%
36-45 years 21 35.00%
46-55 years 18 30.00%
Gender Male 20 33.33%
Female 40 66.67%
Religion Hindu 27 45.00%
Christian 18 30.00%
Muslim 15 25.00%
Monthly income Rs10001-15000 12 20.00%
Rs15001-20000 48 80.00%
Rs20001-25000 0 0.00%
Dietary Habit Vegetarian 35 58.33%
Non Vegetarian 25 41.67%
Marital Status Single 4 6.67%
Married 40 66.67%
Widower/ Widow 8 13.33%

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Divorced/Separated 8 13.33%
Type of family Nuclear family 34 56.67%
Joint family 26 43.33%
Educational qualification Diploma in nursing 23 38.34%
Bachelor of nursing 35 58.33%
Master in Nursing 2 3.33%
Present Working Area CCU 30 50.00%
OT 30 50.00%
Total years of clinical experience in CCU/OT <5 years 14 23.33%
5-7 years 23 38.33%
>7 years 23 38.33%
DESIGNATION Junior staff nurse 0 0.00%
Staff nurse 33 55.00%
Shift in-charge 13 21.67%
In-charge 11 18.33%
Supervisor 3 5.00%
General cases 31 51.67%
Types of cases nursed in CCU/ Specialty cases
operation Theatre 29 48.33%

No of cases cared per Day 0-1 case 15 25.00%

1-2 cases 22 36.67%
2-3 cases 15 25.00%
3 and above cases 8 13.33%
Average number of hours you work in CCU or operation 6 hours 13 21.67%
theatre per day 7 hours 17 28.33%
8 hours 16 26.67%
More than 8 hours 23.33%
14

The above table 4.1 shows with regard to that Age in years in pre test, 21(35%) were in the age group of 30-35
years, 21(35%) were in the age group of 36-45 years, 18(30%) were in the age group of above 46-55 years.

Section B:- Description of clinical variables of staff nurses working in critical care unit and Operation Theater in
pre test.
CLINICAL VARIABLES STAFF NURSES %
Underweight 17 28.33%
BMI Normal 25 41.67%
Overweight 18 30.00%
Less than 6months 15 25.00%
How long do you have low back pain 6months to 1year 20 33.33%
1year to 2years 25 41.67%
One hour 16 26.67%
How many hours feel low back pain per 1–2 Hours 13 21.67%
day More than 2 Hours 22 36.67%
Throughout the day 9 15.00%
Daily 17 28.33%
How frequent you experience low back Sometimes 15 25.00%
pain While taking care of many patients 17 28.33%
While extending duty time 11 18.33%
Lifting patient 16 26.67%
Which of the following factors often Standing for long time 31 51.67%
contribute to low back pain? Transferring patient from bed to
13 21.67%
chair or bed to bed

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Any other 0 0.00%

Restrict activity 14 23.33%
Transfer to another area 17 28.33%
Low back pain makes you feel like
Changing profession 17 28.33%
Taking many days off/ leave 12 20.00%
nil 20 33.33%
Type of Delivery normal delivery 23 38.33%
caesarean delivery 17 28.33%
half hour 30 50.00%
How many hours of travel a day more than 1 hours 24 40.00%
more than 2 hours 6 10.00%
The above table 4.2 shows with regard to that BMI in pre test, 25(41.67%) were in the normal, 18(30%) were in the
overweight, 17(28.33%) were in the underweight.

SectionC:- Assessment of level of pain among staff nurse working in critical care unit and Operation Theater.
Table 3:- Pre Test Level Of Pain Score.
Level Pre-test level of pain score
Of score Staff nurses %
No pain 0 0.00%
Mild pain 14 23.33%
Moderate pain 27 45.00%
Severe pain 19 31.67%
Total 60 100.00%
The data presented in the table -3 shows that majority 27 (45%) of staff nurses have moderate pain in pre test level
of pain score and 19(31.67%) staff nurses had severe pain in pre test level of pain and 14(23.33%) staff nurses have
mild pain in pre test.

SectionC:- Assessment Of Level Of Pain Among Staff Nurse Working In Critical Care Unit And Operation Theater
Table 4:- Post Test Level Of Pain Score.
Level Post-test level of pain score
of score Staff nurses %
No pain 0 0.00%
Mild pain 39 65.00%
Moderate pain 21 35.00%
Severe pain 0 0.00%
Total 60 100.00%

The data presented in the table -3 shows that majority 39 (65%) of staff nurses have mild pain in post test level of
pain score and 21(35%) staff nurses had moderate pain in post test level of pain and 0(0%) staff nurses have severe
pain in post test.

Section D:- To Assess The Effectiveness Of Comprehensive Body Mechanics On Low Back Pain Among Staff
Nurse Working In Critical Care Unit And Operation Theater.

Table 5:- Comparison Of Pretest And Posttest Level Of Pain Score.

Level Pre test Post test Extended McNemar’s
of test
score
n % n %
No pain 0 0.00% 0 0.00%
Mild pain 14 23.33% 39 65.00% 2=35.89 P=0.001***
Moderate pain 27 45.00% 21 35.00% DF=2 (S)
Severe pain 19 31.67% 0 0.00%
Total 60 100.00% 60 100.00%

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Very high significant at p<0.001 S= significant DF=Degrees of freedom

Table no.5 shows the pre test and post-test level low back pain among staff nurses in critical care unit and Operation
Theater. Before comprehensive body mechanics intervention, none of the staff nurses are having no pain level of
low back pain score, 23.33% of them having mild level of pain score and 45% of them are having moderate level
of pain score and 31.67% of them are having severe level of pain score.

PRETEST AND POSTTEST LEVEL OF PAIN SCORE

80% Pretest

65.00%
70%

60%
% of staff nurses

50% 45.00%

35.00%
40% 31.67%

30% 23.33%

20%

10%
0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0%
No pain Mild pain Moderate pain Severe pain

The study shows with regard to that Age in years in pre test, 21(35%) were in the age group of 30-35 years, 21(35%)
were in the age group of 36-45 years, 18(30%) were in the age group of above 46-55 years.

With regard to the Gender in the Pre Test, 40 (66.67%) were female and 20(33.33%) were male.

With the regard to the Religion in the pre test, 27 (45%) were Hindu and 18(30%) were Christian and 15(25%) were
Muslim.

The study shows with regard to that BMI in Pre test, 25(41.67%) were in the normal, 18(30%) were in the
overweight, 17(28.33%) were in the underweight.

With regard how long do you have low back pain in the Pre Test, 25 (41.67%) were 1 to 2 years and 20(33.33%)
were 6 months to 1 year. 15(25%) were less than 6 months.

With regard how many hours feel low back pain per day in the Pre Test, 22 (36.67%) were 2 more than hours and
16(26.67%) were one hours. 13(21.67%) were throughout the day.

With regard how frequent you experience low back pain in the Pre Test, 17 (28.33%) were taking care of many
patients and 17(28.33%) were daily. 11(18.33%) were extending duty time.

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With regard which of the following factors often contribute to low back pain in the Pre Test, 31 (51.67%) were
standing for long time and 16(26.67%) were lifting patient, 13(21.67%) were transferring patient from bed to chair
or bed to bed.

With regard type of delivary in the Pre Test, 23 (38.33%) were normal delivary and 17(28.33%) were caesarean
delivary, 20(33.33%) were nil.

Thefirstobjective was to assess the level of low back pain among staff nurses before and after comprehensive
body mechanics among staff nurses.
The data presented in the table -3 shows that majority 39 (65%) of staff nurses have mild pain in post test level of
pain score and 21(35%) staff nurses had moderate pain in post test level of pain and 0(0%) staff nurses have severe
pain in post test.

Table no.4 shows the post-test level of low back pain among staff nurses in critical care unit and Operation Theater.
After comprehensive body mechanics intervention, In post test, none of the staff nurses are having no pain level of
low back pain score, 65.00% of them having mild level of pain score and 35% of them are having moderate level
of pain score and none of them are having severe level of pain score.

The second objective to assess the effectiveness of comprehensive body mechanics on low back pain among
staff nurses.
Table no.5 shows the pre test and post-test level low back pain among staff nurses in critical care unit and Operation
Theater. Before comprehensive body mechanics intervention, none of the staff nurses are having no pain level of
low back pain score, 23.33% of them having mild level of pain score and 45% of them are having moderate level
of pain score and 31.67% of them are having severe level of pain score.

After comprehensive body mechanics intervention, In posttest, none of the staff nurses are having no pain level of
low back pain score, 65.00% of them having mild level of pain score and 35% of them are having moderate level
of pain score and none of them are having severe level of pain score.

Conclusion:-
Thereby the investigator concludes that the effectivenessof comprehensive body mechanics on low back pain among
staff nurses working in critical care unit and Operation Theater.

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the Study of Pain Press. Pg:314.
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3. Francis Donovan Mohanan (2009) Phipp’s Medical Surgical Nursing Health and Illness Perspectives. (8thed).
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