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SPECIALIZED SUBJECT NCC – ARMY WING

▪ Armed Forces
▪ Map Reading
▪ Field Craft & Battle Craft
▪ Introduction to Infantry Weapons & Equipment
▪ Military History
▪ Communication

ARMED FORCES :-
Army Commands – 7
➢ Northern command – Udhampur
➢ Southern – Pune
➢ Eastern – Kolkata
➢ Western – Chandi Mandir
➢ Central – Lucknow
➢ South Western – Jaipur
➢ Training – Shimla
Air Force Commands – 7
Navy Commands – 3

ARMY DAY – 15 JAN

NAVY DAY – 4 DEC
AIR FORCE DAY – 8 OCT

Supreme Commander of Armed Forces – President

RANKS:-
ARMY – L – C – M – Lt.C – C – B – Maj.G - Lt.G – G – FM
NAVY – Sub.L – Lt – Lt.C – C – C – C – Rear.Admiral – Vice. Admiral – Admiral – Admiral of the
Fleet
AIR FORCE – Fly.Off – Flight.Lt – Sq.Ld – Wing C – Gp.C – Air.C – Air.V.Marshal – Air.Marshal
– Air.C.Marshal – Marshal of the Air Force

AWARDS :-

Gallantry Awards in the Face of Enemy (War Time):-

(a) Param Vir Chakra.
(b) Maha Vir Chakra.
(c) Vir Chakra.
(d) Sena Medal / Nau Sena Medal / Vayu Sena Medal.
(e) Mention in Dispatch.
(f) Chief of Staff Commendation Card.
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Gallantry Awards Other than in the Face of Enemy (Peace Time):-

(a) Ashoka Chakra.
(b) Kirti Chakra.
(c) Shaurya Chakra.
(d) President's Police Medal (PPM) for Gallantry.
(e) President's Police Medal (PPM) for Distinguished Service.

Non-Gallantry Awards /Distinguished Service Awards:-

(a) Sarvottam Yudh Seva Medal.
(b) Param Vishisht Seva Medal.
(c) Uttam Yudh Seva Medal.
(d) Ati Vishisht Seva Medal.
(e) Yuddh Seva Medal.
(f) Vishisht Seva Medal.

Wars:-
(a) Kashmir Operations against Pakistan 1947-48.
(b) Sino-Indian War in NEFA (Arunachal) and Ladakh 1962.
(c) Indo-Pak war 1965.
(d) Indo-Pak war 1971.
(e) Sri Lanka 1987-1990 (Operation Pawan).
(f) Kargil War 1999 (Operation Vijay).

FIGHTING ARMS
 Armoured Corps
 Infantry
 Mechanised Infantry

SUPPORTING ARMS
 Artillery
 Army Aviation Corps
 Army Air Defence
 Corps of Engineers
 Corps of Signals

SUPPORTING SERVICES
 Corps of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering
 Army Service Corps
 Army Medical Corps
 Army Dental Corps
 Military Nursing Service
 Army Ordinance Corps
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 Remount and Veterinary Corps

 Military Farms
 Army Education Corps
 Corps of Military Police
 Judge Advocate General Branch
 Military Engineering Services
 Border Roads Organisation
 Army Pioneer Corps

CENTRAL ARMED POLICE FORCES (CRPF):-

Assam Rifles (AR)
Border Security Force.
Central Industrial Security Force
Central Reserve Police Force
Indo-Tibetan Border Police
National Security Guards.
Special Protection Group.
Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)
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MAP READING

A map represents selected natural and manmade features of the whole or part of the
earth's surface on a sheet of paper. It has a definite scale and correct relative geographical
positions and elevations.

Conventional Signs - LINK

Scale:- Scale is the proportion which the distances between the two points on the map that
relates to the distance between two points on the ground.
Methods of Expressing a Scale:-
(a) In Words
(b) As a Representative Fraction (RF)
(c) Scale Line

Grid Lines -
The ‘Grid’ is a systematic pattern on Earth by laying a vertical and horizontal grid over the
Earth's layout. The vertical lines are called the longitude and the horizontal lines are known
as the latitude. Combinations of these lines are known as Grid Lines.

Always count along the EASTING lines first from the WEST to EAST and then NORTHING from
SOUTH to NORTH.

Topographical Forms and Technical Terms

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Relief, Contours and Gradients :-

Relief means the shape of the ground in a vertical plane. Representation of a relief on a map
means showing of heights and shape of the ground above or below which is normally sea
level.

Contour lines are imaginary line drawn on map showing same height from mean sea level.

Slope means a surface of which one end or side is at a higher level than another.
The slopes are of two types, convex and concave.

CARDINAL POINTS AND TYPES OF NORTH

Cardinal Points. North, South, East and West are known as the cardinal points.
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Types of North - There are three types of North :-

(a) True North. The direction of North Pole from the observer.
(b) Grid North. North as per the Grid on map.
(c) Magnetic North. It is the point to which a magnetic needle points, when freely
suspended.

Magnetic Variation and Grid Convergence

Magnetic Variation – The Angle between True North & Magnatic North.
Grid Convergence/Variation – The Angle between True North & Grid North.

Bearing:- It is an angle formed between North South line and the line joining two points.
A bearing is always measured clockwise.
They are three types of Bearing:-
(a) Grid Bearing. Measured on the map from the Grid North.
(b) Magnetic Bearing. Measured from Magnetic North by the compass.
(c) True Bearing. Calculated in relation of True NORTH.

Forward Bearing & Back Bearing:-

It is bearing taken opposite of original position of object. The rule is that if the bearing is less
than 180 add 180 and if bearing is more than 180 then subtract 180 .
For example:- (a) If forward bearing is 70 then, back bearing will be 180 + 70 = 250.
(b) If forward bearing is 240 then, back bearing will be 240 - 180= 60
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Service Protractor and its Uses:-

The protractor is a scale made of cardboard or ivories (flexible material) and it measures 6
inches long and 2 inches wide.

Uses of Service Protractor :-

► The service protractor is an essential item of Map Reading.
► The main purpose of the protractor is to measure angles and bearings.
► Plot and measure bearing on paper or on a map.
► For bearing between 0 and 180 degrees their Zero edge must be on the LEFT and for
180 degrees -360 degrees it must be on the RIGHT.
► Measure distance in inches / cm correct up to l/100th
► Measure distance in yards, meters or miles on a map by using the appropriate scale
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Prismatic Compass:-
The magnetic compass an instrument containing a magnetized pointer which shows the
direction of magnetic north and bearings from it.

Types of Compass - There are two types of prismatic compass

The dry & liquid filled.
Liquid type is easier to use though it is less sensitive.

Uses of Prismatic Compass :-

• For Finding Magnetic North Direction.

• For reading bearing on Ground.
• For setting of a map.
• For finding our own position.
• For navigation.
• For point to point march & night march.
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GPS - Global Positioning System

Setting of Map - A map is said to be set or oriented when it is placed such that it
corresponds directly with the ground. There are two methods of setting a map- by compass
and by objects on the ground.
Types of navigation - Navigation during day and Night navigation.
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INTRODUCTION TO FIELD CRAFT AND BATTLE CRAFT

Field Craft is an important aspect of military training as it is the art of using the ground and
the weapon to the best of one’s own advantage.
Field Craft includes the following subjects: -
(a) Visual Training.
(b) Recognition and description of targets.
(c) Personal camouflage and concealment.
(d) Judging distance.
(e) Movement with and without arms.
(f) Fire discipline and control.

Battle craft is nothing but set of drills which are essential for conduct of successful
operations in the battle field.
Battle Craft includes the following subjects:-
(a) Field Signals.
(b) Section Formations.
(c) Fire control orders.
(d) Fire and move.
(e) Section battle drills.

Judging Distance:-
There are six methods of Judging distance.
(a) Unit of measure.
(b) Appearance method.
(c) Section average.
(d) Key range.
(e) Halving.
(f) Bracketing.
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Distances are overestimated when:-

(i) Light is bad.
(ii) The sun is in the observer’s eye.
(iii) The object is small in relation to its surroundings.
(iv) Looking through a valley of narrow lane e.g. street.
(v) Lying down.
Distances are underestimated when:-
(i) The light is bright or the sun is shining from behind the observer.
(ii) The object is large in relation to its surrounding.
(iii) There is some dead ground between observer and the object.
(iv)Looking uphill

Definitions
Landmarks - An object, which is important on the ground and which is used in verbal orders
to explain the ground in front.
Target - It is an object having a technical significance which is indicated with a view to bring
down fire on it.
Reference Point - An important and unmistakable object, with the help of which you can
indicate other land marks or targets. A reference point should be specific.

Types of Ground:-

 Broken Ground - It is uneven and is generally scattered with nullahs, bump sand
fields in the ground. It is suitable for move of infantry.
 Flat and Open Ground - It is even ground with little cover e.g. bushes, hedges and
other foliage. It is not suitable for move of Infantry by day.
 High Ground - Ground far above the general level of the area e.g. hill. It facilitates
control of area around it by observation or fire.
 Dead Ground - Ground that is hidden from an observer’s view. It cannot be covered
by flat path weapons.
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Description of Ground:-
(a) Fore Ground up to 300 yards.
(b) Middle Distance from 300 yards to 500 yards.
(c) Distance beyond 500 yards.

CAMOUFLAGE AND CONCEALMENT

The term camouflage comes from French word “Camoufler” meaning “to blind or veil”. It
means to disguise an object in plain sight in order to conceal it from something or someone.
Camouflage is defined as action of misleading enemy by concealing or misrepresenting the
identity of own troops, equipment, installations and activities.

Why Things are seen.

Various factors responsible for things to be seen are as follows:-
(a) Shape.
(b) Shine.
(c) Shadow.
(d) Surface.
(e) Spacing.
(f) Smoke.
(g) Sound.
(h) Movement

Things are visible at night - There are two factors which are given below:-
(a) Sound.
(b) Light.

TYPES OF COVER:-
(a) Cover from View - A person is concealed only from view and not from fire.
(b) Cover from Fire - This means that the concealed person is protected both from view and
fire of weapon.
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Whenever possible look through or around the cover but not over it.
Avoid Breaking a Straight Line
Isolated Cover is Dangerous - Eye catches isolated cover easily especially if there is any
movement near it.

Field Signals:-
Signals with Hands
Signals with Weapons
Signals with Whistle :-

Methods to Attract Attention Of Troops:-

Before any field signal is executed, the commander has to attract the attention of troops.
(a) A Short Blast of Whistle.
(b) A Bird Call.
(c) Whistle by Mouth.
(d) Clicks (By using tongue).
(e) Clicks by Fingers
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Field Signals By Day:-

Flags: (Red, Green and White flags).
Mercury coated mirrors.
Smoke.
Clothe.
Hurricane lamp, kept in the window.
Flashing of torch.
Applying various colours / signs on forehead and arms.

Field Signals By Night:-

Pre decided signals on a walkie talkie.
Click by fingers.
Clicks by using tongue.
Whistle by the mouth.
Use of rope.
Use of colour light.
Use of blacked out torch.
Firing of weapon.

SECTION FORMATION
(a) Single file.
(b) File.
(c) Arrow Head.
(d) Diamond.
(e) Spear Head.
(f) Extended Line

Scout - Scouts are the eyes and ears of the section. Scouts always work in pairs. They work
ahead of the leading section and advance from bound to bound. As scouts, one must always
be alert.
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FIRE CONTROL ORDERS

These are the orders given by the fire unit commander to direct and control the fire of his
fire unit.

Points for Section Commander:-

(a) Indication.
(b) Range.
(c) Best Weapons to Use.
(d) Rate of Fire

Sequence of Fire Control Orders:- `GRIT'.

(a) G - The Group of the section which is addressed.
(b) R - The range to the target should be given next.
(c) I - The indication of the target by the simplest form of indication.
(d) T - The type of fire.

Types of Fire Control Orders:- FCO – (AAPKI FULL DOB)

(a) Delayed FCO.
(b) Full FCO.
(c) Opportunity FCO.
(d) Brief FCO.

Fire Control Orders are necessary to achieve the following:-

(a) Maintain fire discipline.
(b) Conserve and expend ammunition and use it judiciously and effectively.
(c) Not to disclose own position prematurely at long ranges.
(d) Engage targets with speed.
(e) Maintain surprise.
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There are two types of cover:-

(a) Cover from Fire. This implies that the concealed person is protected both from view and
fire of weapon.
(b) Cover from View. In this type of cover, a person is concealed only from view or from
being seen not from fire.
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AN INFANTRY BATTALION AND ITS WEAPONS

→ 7.62mm Dragunov Sniper Rifle

→ 7.62mm Medium Machine Gun
→ 30 mm Medium Grenade Launcher
→ 30mm Automatic Grenade Launcher
→ 84 mm Rocket Launcher
→ 81MM Mortars
→ Anti Tank Guided Missile (ATGM)

5.56 MM INSAS RIFLE

The 5.56mmINSAS Rifle is produced by the Indian Ordinance Factory Board and is being
used by the Indian army. It is the personal service weapon of a soldier. It is lighter than the
AK47 and easy to handle.
Characteristics, Ammunition and Fire Power.
(a) Calibre - 5.56 mm.
(b) Length of Rifle without bayonet - 960 mm.
(c) Length of Rifle with bayonet - 1110 mm.
(d) Length of barrel - 464 mm.
(e) Weight
o Fixed butt with empty magazine - 3.6 kg.
o Fixed butt with loaded magazine- 3.69 kg.
o Full magazine - 90 gm.
(iv) Bayonet - 305 gm.
(f) Effective range - 400 m.
(h) Principle of Operation - Gas Operated.
(i) Penetration - 3 mm at 700m.
(j) Mode of fire - Single Shot and Three Round Burst. (TRB)
(k) Rate of Fire
o Normal - 60 rounds.
o TRB (Three Round Burst) - 90 rounds/min.
o Intense - 150 rounds/min.
o Cyclic - 600 to 650 rounds/min
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Type of Ammunition:-
(a) Ball Round.
(b) Tracer Round.
(c) Blank Round.
(d) High Density (HD) Cartridge.

Cleaning of a Rifle:-
Items required for cleaning are as under:-
✓ Oil bottle with oil.
✓ Brush cleaning bore.
✓ Pull through.
✓ Road cleaning barrel.
✓ Tool adjusting sight/rear sight.
✓ Tool removing repair case.
✓ Chindi.
✓ Drift.

Rifle parts to be oiled are as under:-

(a) Complete breach box less its face.
(b) Magazine Catch.
(c) Trigger mechanism.
(d) Rifle spring Assembly.
Rifle parts not to be oiled are as under:-
(a) Barrel.
(b) Cylinder.
(c) Gas plug.
(d) Piston extension assembly.
(e) Magazine platform site.
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MILITARY HISTORY

FIELD MARSHAL KODANDERA MADAPPA CARIAPPA:-

 Field Marshal Kodandera “Kipper" Madappa Cariappa, OBE (28 January 1899 – 15th
May 1993)
 He was the first Indian Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army.
 He led the Indian forces on the Western Front during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1947-
48.
 He is among only two Indian Army officers to hold the highest rank of Field Marshal.
 He was appointed as the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Military in 1949.

FIELD MARSHAL SAM MANEKSHAW:-

 Field Marshal Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw, MC (3 April 1914 – 27
June 2008).
 He was popularly known as Sam Bahadur ("Sam the Brave"), was an Indian military
leader.
 He was the first Indian Army officer to be promoted to the five-star rank of Field
Marshal.
 Though Manekshaw initially thought of pursuing his career as a doctor, he later
joined the first batch of the Indian Military Academy (IMA) when it was established
in 1932.
 During action in World War II, he was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry.
 Under his command, Indian forces fought Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 that led to the
liberation of Bangladesh in December 1971.
 Later, he was awarded the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Vibhushan for his
services to the Indian nation.
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Param Vir Chakra and War Heroes Decorated with PVCs.

The Param Veer Chakra (PVC) is India’s highest Military decoration awarded for highest
degree of valour or self-sacrifice in the face of enemy. The medal has been awarded 21
times 14 of which were posthumous awards.
The medal was designed by Savitri Khanolkar.

RECIPIENTS OF THE PARAMVIR CHAKRAS:-

1) Maj Somnath Sharma, 4 KUMAON Regiment.
2) Naik Jadunath Singh
3) 2nd Lt Rama Raghoba Rane
4) Company Haviladar Major Piru Singh
5) Lance Naik Karam Singh
6) Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria
7) Major Dhan Singh Thapa
8) Subedar Joginder Singh
9) Major Shaitan Singh
10) Lt Col A B Tarapore
11) Company Quartermaster Havildar Abdul Hamid
12) Lance Naik Albert Ekka
13) Flying Officer Nirmaljit Singh Sekhon
14) Second Lt Arun Khetarpal
15) Major Hoshiar Singh
16) Naib Subedar Bana Singh
17) Major Ramaswamy Parameswaram
18) Captain Vikram Batra
19) Lt Manoj Kumar Pandey
20) Grenadier Yogendra Singh Yadav
21) Rifleman Sanjay Kumar
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INDO-PAKISTANI WAR 1965

 The Indo-Pakistan war of 1965 was took place between April 1965 and September
1965 between Pakistan and India.
 The conflict began following Pakistan’s Operation Gibraltar to support insurgency in
J&K.
 In retaliation India launched Operation Grand Slam in western sector against
Pakistan.
 India reacted swiftly and launched a counter attack and a second confrontation with
Pakistan took place in 1965, largely over Kashmir.
 Pakistani leaders believed that India, which was still recovering from the disastrous
Sino-Indian War, would be unable to deal with a military thrust and a Kashmiri
rebellion.
 Pakistan's defeat at the Battle of Asal Uttar 1965 and Dograi hastened the end of
the conflict.
 Battle of Chawinda was the largest tank battle in the history after World War II.
 On23 September 1965 cease fire was announced. A decision to return back to pre-
war positions was taken following the Tashkent Declaration.

INDO-PAKISTAN WAR 1971

 In early 1971, India declared its full-support for the Bengali rebels, known as Mukti
Bahini.
 Wary of India's growing involvement in the Bengali rebellion, the Pakistan Air Force
(PAF) launched strike on 10 Indian air bases at Srinagar, Jammu, Pathankot,
Amritsar, Agra, Adampur, Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Uttarlai and Sirsa at 1745 hours on 3
December. This aerial offensive, however, failed to accomplish its stated objectives
and gave India its excuse to declare a full-scale war against Pakistan the same day.
 By midnight, the Indian Army, accompanied by Indian Air Force, launched a major
three-pronged assault into East Pakistan. The Indian Army won several battles on
the eastern front including the decisive of Battle of Hilli.
 Battle of Longewala - on 4 December 1971
 Pakistan suffered another major defeat on the western front during the Battle of
Basantar which was fought from 4 December to 16 December.
 Surrender of Pakistan Army in Dhaka - Pakistani forces to surrender on 16 Dec 1971,
one day after the Battle of Basantar. After Pakistan's Lt General AAK. Niazi signed the
Instrument of Surrender, India took more than 90,000 Pakistani prisoners of war.

OPREATION MEGHDOOT : SIACHEN GLACIER

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KARGIL CONFLICT-1999
Kargil Conflict 1999 was fought on the heights of Kargil and Drass in 1999.
Since mid-1999 Pakistani paramilitary forces and Kashmiri insurgents captured deserted, but
strategic, Himalayan heights in the Kargil district of India.
These had been vacated by the Indian army during the onset of the inhospitable winter and
were supposed to reoccupy in spring.
Once the scale of the Pakistani incursion was realised, the Indian Army quickly mobilized
about 200,000 troops and Operation Vijay was launched.
The Indian Army's first priority was to recapture peaks that were in the immediate vicinity of
NH1A. This resulted in Indian troops first targeting the Tiger Hill (Point5140) and Tololing
complex in Dras.
On 4 July 1999, Pakistan’s Prime Minister Sharif agreed to withdraw Pakistani troops under
US pressure and the fighting came to a gradual halt, but some Pakistani forces remained in
positions on the Indian side of the LOC.
The Indian Army launched its final attacks in the last week of July; as soon as the Drass sub
sector had been cleared of Pakistani forces, the fighting ceased on 26 July.
26 July has since been marked as ‘Kargil Vijay Diwas’ (Kargil Victory Day) in India.
By the end of the war, India had resumed control of all territory south and east of the Line
of Control, as was established in July 1972 as per the Shimla Accord.
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INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION AND LATEST TRENDS

Communication is the easy transmission of thoughts and ideas from one individual to
another and vice-a-versa.
Various forms of communications are sign language, voice, written script, line
transmission, radio wave, space wave and highly complex digital communication.

Line Communication - invention of telephone by Graham Bell.

(a) Advantages.
o Reliable and practically free from electrical interference.
o Relatively secure.
o Number of circuits and message carrying capacity is more.
o Permanent setup useful for static forces.
(b) Disadvantages.
o Vulnerable to physical interference and enemy.
o Takes time to construct.
o Inflexible once it is laid.
o Expensive in men and material.
o Not useful for mobile forces.

RADIO COMMUNICATION
Radio is the technology of using radio waves to carry information such as sound, by
systematically modulating properties of electromagnetic energy waves.
Radio communication requires the use of both transmitting and receiving equipment.

Radio Communication involves Net Radio and Radio Relay.

Net Radio:-
Net radio is the basic means of signal communication for any mobile force.
Advantages:-

• Reasonably protected from enemy action.

• Flexible.
• Rapidly re-arranged.
• Rapid in establishing communication.
• Works on the move.
• Economical
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Disadvantages.

• Inherently insecure and susceptible to enemy interception which necessitates the

use of codes.
• Net radio demands a standard procedure and security codes.
• Vulnerable to direct hit of enemy.

Radio Relay:-
Radio relay implies that a series of radio transmitters and receivers normally spaced
between 20-35 Km apart and are used to provide point signal.
Advantages:-
o Replace line with considerable economy of manpower and stores.
o It can be operated over area where for reasons of ground or enemy activity use of
line may not be possible.
o Provides greater flexibility than line.
o Quick to set up and except in mountainous.
o Much greater traffic handling capacity.
Disadvantages:-
o Liable to interception and hence insecure. Has relatively greater security than net
radio.
o Liable to interference from enemy jamming.
o Terrain between stations must be reasonably suitable.
o Location of terminal needs additional protection requirements.
o It cannot work on the move.
o Slightly more expensive.
o Needs critical sitting.

Waves:-

• Mechanical Waves
• Electromagnetic Waves.
• Propagation of Wave
o Sky Wave Propagation.
o Space Wave Propagation
o Ground Wave Propagation.
o Tropospheric Scatter.
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WALKIE / TALKIE
A Walkie/Talkie (formally known as a hand held transceiver) are a hand-held, portable, two-
way radio transceiver.
Frequency Range:-
(i) 136 MHz to 174 MHz on VHF mode.
(ii) 403 MHz to 470 MHz on UHF mode.
Communication range of this radio set is 4 to 5 Km and 20 to 40 Km with repeater.

LATEST TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENT IN COMMUNICATION

Tropo Scatter - Communication carried out in this layer use the principle of tropo scatter.
Range between 70 Km to 1000 Km.
Modem - (Modular-Demodulator)
Fax - FACSIMILE
Telex - TELE PRINTER EXCHANGE
Optical Fibre Communication
Video-Conferencing Systems
Internet
Multimedia - content that uses a combination of different content forms such as text,
audio, images, animation, video and interactive content.

Satellite
A satellite is an artificial object which has been intentionally placed into orbit. Such object is
sometimes called artificial satellite to distinguish them from natural satellites such as Earth’s
Moon.
Common types include:-
Military satellites
Earth observation satellites
Communications satellites
Navigation satellites
Weather satellites
Research satellites
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RADIO TELEPHONY (RT) PROCEDURE

Radio Telephony - The procedure laid out to communicate on the Radio so as to make the
conversation secure and successful, which is referred to as “Radio Telephony”.
Principles of Radio Telephony Procedure - BASS
(a) B – Bravity.
(b) A – Accuracy.
(c) S – Security.
(d) S – Speed.

Types of Radio Telephony communication:-

(a) RT conversation.
(b) Unregistered (UR) Message.
(c) Formal Message.

Types of Calls:-
(a) Single Call.
(b) Multiple Call.
(c) Net Call.
(d) Net Call with Exceptions.

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