NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Hydraulic Engineering
Assignment- Week 4
Number of questions: 12 Total mark: 12 X 1 = 12

QUESTION 1:
𝑢 𝑦
What is the Energy thickness for the boundary layer with velocity distribution =𝛿.
𝑈

a. 𝛿/6

b. 𝛿/2

c. 3𝛿/2

d. 𝛿/4

Correct Answer: d. 𝛿/4

𝛿𝑢 𝑢2
Detailed Solution: Energy thickness, =∫0 (1 − 𝑈 2 ) 𝑑𝑦
𝑈

𝛿𝑦 𝑦2
=∫0 𝛿 (1 − 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝛿/4
𝛿

QUESTION 2:
In turbulent flow, which of the following gives the exact velocity distribution?

a. Logarithmic distribution

b. Blasius equation

c. Power law with index varying

d. Prandtl’s one-seventh power.

Correct Answer: a. Logarithmic distribution

QUESTION 3:
What is the ratio of displacement thickness to momentum thickness for linear velocity
distribution over a flat plate?
a. 3

b. 3.25

c. 3.5

d. 4

Correct Answer: a. 3

𝛿 𝑢 𝜹
𝜹∗ ∫0 (1−𝑈)𝑑𝑦 𝟐
Detailed Solution: = = =𝟑
 𝜹𝒖 𝒖
∫𝟎 𝑼(𝟏−𝑼)𝒅𝒚
𝜹
𝟔

QUESTION 4:
In a boundary layer developed along the flow, the pressure decreases along the downstream
direction. The boundary layer thickness would
a. tend to decrease along the flow
b. remain constant
c. increase rapidly along the flow
d. increase gradually along the flow 0.0645 m

Correct Answer: a. tend to decrease along the flow

Detailed Solution: With the decreasing pressure in the direction of the flow i.e. with negative
pressure gradient, the boundary layer tends to be reduced in the thickness.
 QUESTION 5:
Laminar sublayer is a thin boundary layer, formed just adjacent to the boundary in
a. Laminar Flow
b. Turbulent Flow
c. Transition flow
d. Compressible

Correct Answer: b. Turbulent Flow

Detailed Solution: Laminar sublayer is a thin boundary layer, formed just adjacent to the
boundary in Turbulent Flow
.

QUESTION 6:
𝑢 𝑦
What is the Momentum thickness for the boundary layer with velocity distribution =𝛿.
𝑈

a. 𝛿/6

b. 𝛿/2

c. 3𝛿/2

d. 𝛿/4

Correct Answer: a. 𝛿/6

𝛿𝑢 𝑢
Detailed Solution: Momentum thickness, =∫0 (1 − 𝑈) 𝑑𝑦
𝑈

𝛿𝑦 𝑦
=∫0 𝛿 (1 − 𝛿 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝛿/6
 QUESTION 7:
In a laminar boundary layer over a flat plate, what would be the ratio of wall shear stresses τ1
and τ2 at two sections which lie at distance x1 = 4 units and x2 = 12 units from the leading edge
of the plate?

a. τ1/τ2 = 3.0

b. τ1/τ2 = (3)0.5

c. τ1/τ2 = (3)0.25

d. τ1/τ2 = (3)0.33

Correct Answer:b . τ1/τ2 = (3)0.5

Detailed Solution: For laminar boundary layer

1
𝜏𝑤𝑥 𝛼
√𝑥

𝜏2 𝑥1
=√
𝜏1 𝑥2

𝜏1 𝑥2
=√
𝜏2 𝑥1

𝜏1 12
=√
𝜏2 4

𝜏1
= (3)0.5
𝜏2
 QUESTION 8:

The separation of boundary can be prevented by

a. providing small divergence in a diffuser

b. providing a trip-wire ring in the laminar region for the flow over a sphere

c. providing a bypass in the slotted wing

d. all of the above

Correct Answer: d. all of the above.

Detailed Solution: The separation of boundary can be prevented by providing small divergence in a
diffuser, a trip-wire ring in the laminar region for the flow over a sphere and by providing a bypass in the
slotted wing.

QUESTION 9:
A flat with a sharp leading edge is placed along a free stream of fluid flow. Local Reynolds number
at 4 cm from the leading edge is 105. What is the thickness of the boundary layer?

a. 0.63 mm

b. 0.35 mm

c. 0.28 mm

d. 0.32 mm

Correct Answer: a. 0.63 mm

Detailed Solution: The Reynolds number is less than 5 ×105, the boundary layer is laminar. The
thickness of the laminar boundary layer may be given by the Blasius' equation i.e.
5𝑥 5 𝑋 4 𝑋10
𝛿= = = 0.63 𝑚𝑚
√𝑅𝑒𝑥 √105
QUESTION 10:
Ageing of pipes implies which of the following?

a. decrease in the value of friction factor

b. Increase in absolute roughness linearly with time and hence friction factor

c. Pipe becoming smoother with time

d. All of the above.

Correct Answer: b. Increase in absolute roughness linearly with time and hence friction factor

Detailed Solution: Ageing of pipes implies increase in absolute roughness linearly with time and
hence friction factor.

QUESTION 11:
When the fluid flows along the solid boundary, more and more fluid gets retarded in the vicinity
of the boundary; this deceleration is due to

a. high velocity of the fluid

Correct Answer: c. high velocity gradients which exist at and near the boundary

Detailed Solution: When the fluid flows along the solid boundary, more and more fluid gets
retarded in the vicinity of the boundary; this deceleration is due to high velocity gradients which
exist at and near the boundary
QUESTION 12:
The displacement thickness of a boundary layer is

𝛿𝑢 𝑢
a. ∫0 (1 − 𝑈) 𝑑𝑦
𝑈

𝛿𝑢 𝑢 2
b. ∫0 (1 − 𝑈) 𝑑𝑦
𝑈

𝛿 𝑢
c. ∫0 (1 − 𝑈) 𝑑𝑦

𝛿𝑢
d. ∫0 𝑑𝑦
𝑈

𝛿 𝑢
Correct Answer: c. ∫0 (1 − 𝑈) 𝑑𝑦

𝛿 𝑢
Detailed Solution: Displacement Thickness = ∫0 (1 − 𝑈) 𝑑𝑦

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