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Explanations
OSPF Troubleshooting

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1. Which command can be used to verify OSPF neighbor relationships?

A. show ip ospf neighbors
B. show ospf neighbor
C. show ip ospf neighbor
D. show ospf neighbors
Correct Answer: C. show ip ospf neighbor
Explanation: The "show ip ospf neighbor" command is used to display OSPF neighbor
information.

2. What is the default OSPF priority on Cisco routers?

A. 0
B. 64
C. 128
D. 255
Correct Answer: A. 0
Explanation: The default OSPF priority on Cisco routers is 0, which means the router will
not participate in the DR/BDR election process.

3. Which command is used to verify OSPF routing table entries?

A. show ip ospf routes
B. show ospf routes
C. show ip route ospf
D. show ip route
Correct Answer: D. show ip route
Explanation: The "show ip route" command displays the IP routing table, including OSPF
routes.

4. What does the OSPF state "2WAY" indicate?

A. The router has sent a hello packet and received a hello packet from the neighbor.
B. The router is in the process of establishing an adjacency.
C. The router is fully adjacent with the neighbor.
D. The router is the DR or BDR.
Correct Answer: A. The router has sent a hello packet and received a hello packet from the
neighbor.
Explanation: In the 2WAY state, routers have exchanged hello packets but have not yet
formed a full adjacency.

5. What is the purpose of the OSPF dead timer?

A. To determine when a neighbor is unreachable
B. To specify the interval between hello packets
C. To calculate the OSPF cost metric

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D. To elect the DR and BDR

Correct Answer: A. To determine when a neighbor is unreachable
Explanation: The dead timer in OSPF specifies the time after which a router considers a
neighbor to be unreachable if it has not received any hello packets.

6. Which command is used to troubleshoot OSPF neighborship issues related to

mismatched OSPF network types?
A. show ip ospf interface
B. show ip ospf neighbors
C. show ip ospf database
D. show ip ospf
Correct Answer: A. show ip ospf interface
Explanation: The "show ip ospf interface" command displays OSPF interface information,
including the network type.

7. What is the purpose of the OSPF LSA Type 1 (Router LSA)?

A. To advertise router links within an area
B. To advertise network links within an area
C. To summarize routes between areas
D. To advertise external routes into OSPF
Correct Answer: A. To advertise router links within an area
Explanation: The Type 1 LSA is used by routers to advertise their directly connected links
within an OSPF area.

8. Which OSPF state indicates that two routers have established bidirectional
communication and are exchanging database information?
A. Exstart
B. Exchange
C. Loading
D. Full
Correct Answer: B. Exchange
Explanation: In the Exchange state, routers exchange database information to synchronize
their linkstate databases.

9. What does the OSPF state "Loading" indicate?

A. The router is exchanging database information with its neighbor.
B. The router is synchronizing its linkstate database with its neighbor.
C. The router has received all linkstate updates from its neighbor.
D. The router is fully adjacent with its neighbor.
Correct Answer: A. The router is exchanging database information with its neighbor.

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Explanation: In the Loading state, routers exchange database information to update their
linkstate databases.

10. Which command is used to verify OSPF virtual link configurations?

A. show ip ospf virtuallinks
B. show ospf virtuallinks
C. show ip ospf interface
D. show ip ospf
Correct Answer: A. show ip ospf virtuallinks
Explanation: The "show ip ospf virtuallinks" command displays information about OSPF
virtual links configured on the router.

11. What is the OSPF state "Init"?

A. The router is exchanging hello packets with its neighbor.
B. The router is in the process of establishing an adjacency.
C. The router has received a hello packet from its neighbor.
D. The router is the DR or BDR.
Correct Answer: A. The router is exchanging hello packets with its neighbor.
Explanation: In the Init state, routers exchange hello packets to establish bidirectional
communication.

12. Which OSPF packet type is used to establish neighbor relationships?

A. Hello
B. Database Description (DBD)
C. Link State Request (LSR)
D. Link State Update (LSU)
Correct Answer: A. Hello
Explanation: OSPF routers use Hello packets to discover and establish neighbor
relationships.

13. What does the OSPF state "Exstart" indicate?

A. The router is exchanging database information with its neighbor.
B. The router is synchronizing its linkstate database with its neighbor.
C. The router has received all linkstate updates from its neighbor.
D. The router is determining the initial sequence numbers for database exchange.
Correct Answer: D. The router is determining the initial sequence numbers for database
exchange.
Explanation: In the Exstart state, routers determine the initial sequence numbers for
exchanging database information.

14. Which command can be used to verify OSPF interface configurations?

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A. show ip ospf interface

B. show ip ospf
C. show ip ospf neighbors
D. show ip interface brief
Correct Answer: A. show ip ospf interface
Explanation: The "show ip ospf interface" command displays OSPF interface
configurations, including the OSPF state and area information.

15. What is the OSPF state "2WAY"?

A. The router has sent a hello packet and received a hello packet from the neighbor.
B. The router is in the process of establishing an adjacency.
C. The router is fully adjacent with the neighbor.
D. The router is the DR or BDR.
Correct Answer: A. The router has sent a hello packet and received a hello packet from the
neighbor.
Explanation: In the 2WAY state, routers have exchanged hello packets but have not yet
formed a full adjacency.

16. Which OSPF LSA type is used to advertise network links within an area?
A. Type 1 (Router LSA)
B. Type 2 (Network LSA)
C. Type 3 (Summary LSA)
D. Type 4 (ASBR Summary LSA)
Correct Answer: B. Type 2 (Network LSA)
Explanation: Type 2 LSAs are generated by DRs to advertise the presence of a network
segment within an area.

17. What does the OSPF state "Exchange" indicate?

A. The router is exchanging database information with its neighbor.
B. The router is synchronizing its linkstate database with its neighbor.
C. The router has received all linkstate updates from its neighbor.
D. The router is fully adjacent with its neighbor.
Correct Answer: A. The router is exchanging database information with its neighbor.
Explanation: In the Exchange state, routers exchange database information to synchronize
their linkstate databases.

18. Which OSPF packet type is used to acknowledge received LSAs?

A. Hello
B. Database Description (DBD)
C. Link State Request (LSR)
D. Link State Acknowledgment (LSAck)

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Correct Answer: D. Link State Acknowledgment (LSAck)

Explanation: LSAck packets are used to acknowledge the receipt of LSAs during the OSPF
database exchange process.

19. What is the OSPF state "Full"?

A. The router has sent a hello packet and received a hello packet from the neighbor.
B. The router is in the process of establishing an adjacency.
C. The router is fully adjacent with the neighbor.
D. The router is the DR or BDR.
Correct Answer: C. The router is fully adjacent with the neighbor.
Explanation: In the Full state, routers have exchanged database information and are fully
adjacent.

20. Which command is used to verify OSPF neighbor states?

A. show ip ospf neighbors
B. show ospf neighbor
C. show ip ospf neighbor
D. show ospf neighbors
Correct Answer: C. show ip ospf neighbor
Explanation: The "show ip ospf neighbor" command displays OSPF neighbor information,
including states.

21. What is the OSPF state "Down"?

A. The router has sent a hello packet and received a hello packet from the neighbor.
B. The router is in the process of establishing an adjacency.
C. The router is fully adjacent with the neighbor.
D. The router has not received a hello packet from the neighbor.
Correct Answer: D. The router has not received a hello packet from the neighbor.
Explanation: In the Down state, routers have not yet established bidirectional
communication with their neighbors.

22. Which OSPF LSA type is used to advertise AS external routes into OSPF?
A. Type 1 (Router LSA)
B. Type 2 (Network LSA)
C. Type 3 (Summary LSA)
D. Type 5 (AS External LSA)
Correct Answer: D. Type 5 (AS External LSA)
Explanation: Type 5 LSAs are used to advertise routes from other routing domains into
OSPF as external routes.

23. What does the OSPF state "Loading" indicate?

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A. The router is exchanging database information with its neighbor.

B. The router is synchronizing its linkstate database with its neighbor.
C. The router has received all linkstate updates from its neighbor.
D. The router is fully adjacent with its neighbor.
Correct Answer: A. The router is exchanging database information with its neighbor.
Explanation: In the Loading state, routers exchange database information to update their
linkstate databases.

24. Which command is used to verify OSPF adjacency status?

A. show ip ospf adjacency
B. show ospf adjacency
C. show ip ospf neighbors
D. show ip ospf interface
Correct Answer: C. show ip ospf neighbors
Explanation: The "show ip ospf neighbors" command displays OSPF neighbor information,
including adjacency status.

25. What is the OSPF state "Exchange"?

A. The router is exchanging database information with its neighbor.
B. The router is synchronizing its linkstate database with its neighbor.
C. The router has received all linkstate updates from its neighbor.
D. The router is fully adjacent with its neighbor.
Correct Answer: A. The router is exchanging database information with its neighbor.
Explanation: In the Exchange state, routers exchange database information to synchronize
their linkstate databases.

26. Which OSPF packet type is used to request missing LSAs?

A. Hello
B. Database Description (DBD)
C. Link State Request (LSR)
D. Link State Update (LSU)
Correct Answer: C. Link State Request (LSR)
Explanation: LSR packets are used to request missing LSAs from OSPF neighbors.

27. What is the OSPF state "Loading"?

A. The router is exchanging database information with its neighbor.
B. The router is synchronizing its linkstate database with its neighbor.
C. The router has received all linkstate updates from its neighbor.
D. The router is fully adjacent with its neighbor.
Correct Answer: A. The router is exchanging database information with its neighbor.

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Explanation: In the Loading state, routers exchange database information to update their
linkstate databases.

28. Which command is used to verify OSPF database synchronization?

A. show ip ospf database
B. show ospf database
C. show ip ospf
D. show ip route ospf
Correct Answer: A. show ip ospf database
Explanation: The "show ip ospf database" command displays information about OSPF
linkstate advertisements (LSAs) in the router's database.

29. What is the OSPF state "Full"?

A. The router has sent a hello packet and received a hello packet from the neighbor.
B. The router is in the process of establishing an adjacency.
C. The router is fully adjacent with the neighbor.
D. The router is the DR or BDR.
Correct Answer: C. The router is fully adjacent with the neighbor.
Explanation: In the Full state, routers have exchanged database information and are fully
adjacent.

30. Which OSPF LSA type is used to advertise summary routes between areas?
A. Type 1 (Router LSA)
B. Type 2 (Network LSA)
C. Type 3 (Summary LSA)
D. Type 4 (ASBR Summary LSA)
Correct Answer: C. Type 3 (Summary LSA)
Explanation: Type 3 LSAs are used to advertise summary routes from one area to another.

31. What does the OSPF state "Init" indicate?

A. The router is exchanging hello packets with its neighbor.
B. The router is in the process of establishing an adjacency.
C. The router has received a hello packet from its neighbor.
D. The router is the DR or BDR.
Correct Answer: A. The router is exchanging hello packets with its neighbor.
Explanation: In the Init state, routers exchange hello packets to establish bidirectional
communication.

32. Which OSPF packet type is used to synchronize linkstate databases?

A. Hello
B. Database Description (DBD)

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C. Link State Request (LSR)

D. Link State Update (LSU)
Correct Answer: B. Database Description (DBD)
Explanation: DBD packets are used during the OSPF database synchronization process to
exchange summary information about the linkstate database.

33. What is the OSPF state "Exstart"?

A. The router is exchanging database information with its neighbor.
B. The router is synchronizing its linkstate database with its neighbor.
C. The router has received all linkstate updates from its neighbor.
D. The router is determining the initial sequence numbers for database exchange.
Correct Answer: D. The router is determining the initial sequence numbers for database
exchange.
Explanation: In the Exstart state, routers determine the initial sequence numbers for
exchanging database information.

34. Which command is used to verify OSPF interface state and settings?
A. show ip ospf interface
B. show ip ospf
C. show ip ospf neighbors
D. show ip interface brief
Correct Answer: A. show ip ospf interface
Explanation: The "show ip ospf interface" command displays OSPF interface information,
including state and settings.

35. What is the OSPF state "2WAY"?

A. The router has sent a hello packet and received a hello packet from the neighbor.
B. The router is in the process of establishing an adjacency.
C. The router is fully adjacent with the neighbor.
D. The router is the DR or BDR.
Correct Answer: A. The router has sent a hello packet and received a hello packet from the
neighbor.
Explanation: In the 2WAY state, routers have exchanged hello packets but have not yet
formed a full adjacency.

36. Which OSPF LSA type is used to advertise routes from other routing domains into
OSPF?
A. Type 1 (Router LSA)
B. Type 2 (Network LSA)
C. Type 3 (Summary LSA)
D. Type 5 (AS External LSA)

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Correct Answer: D. Type 5 (AS External LSA)

Explanation: Type 5 LSAs are used to advertise routes from other routing domains into
OSPF as external routes.

37. What does the OSPF state "Down" indicate?

A. The router has sent a hello packet and received a hello packet from the neighbor.
B. The router is in the process of establishing an adjacency.
C. The router is fully adjacent with the neighbor.
D. The router has not received a hello packet from the neighbor.
Correct Answer: D. The router has not received a hello packet from the neighbor.
Explanation: In the Down state, routers have not yet established bidirectional
communication with their neighbors.

38. Which command is used to verify OSPF neighborship details?

A. show ip ospf neighbors
B. show ospf neighbor
C. show ip ospf neighbor
D. show ospf neighbors
Correct Answer: C. show ip ospf neighbor
Explanation: The "show ip ospf neighbor" command displays OSPF neighbor information,
including details about the neighborship.

39. What is the OSPF state "Init"?

A. The router is exchanging hello packets with its neighbor.
B. The router is in the process of establishing an adjacency.
C. The router has received a hello packet from its neighbor.
D. The router is the DR or BDR.
Correct Answer: A. The router is exchanging hello packets with its neighbor.
Explanation: In the Init state, routers exchange hello packets to establish bidirectional
communication.

40. Which OSPF packet type is used to advertise changes in the linkstate database?
A. Hello
B. Database Description (DBD)
C. Link State Request (LSR)
D. Link State Update (LSU)
Correct Answer: D. Link State Update (LSU)
Explanation: LSU packets are used to advertise changes in the linkstate database to OSPF
neighbors.

41. What is the OSPF state "Loading"?

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A. The router is exchanging database information with its neighbor.

B. The router is synchronizing its linkstate database with its neighbor.
C. The router has received all linkstate updates from its neighbor.
D. The router is fully adjacent with its neighbor.
Correct Answer: A. The router is exchanging database information with its neighbor.
Explanation: In the Loading state, routers exchange database information to update their
linkstate databases.

42. Which command is used to verify OSPF database synchronization status?

A. show ip ospf database
B. show ospf database
C. show ip ospf
D. show ip route ospf
Correct Answer: A. show ip ospf database
Explanation: The "show ip ospf database" command displays information about OSPF
linkstate advertisements (LSAs) in the router's database, including synchronization status.

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