hello friends and subscribers of my
hello friends and subscribers of my
channel in this video I wanted to tell you
channel in this video I wanted to tell you
the principle of operation, a simple circuit of an
the principle of operation, a simple circuit of an
LED driver on a throttle worked, and
LED driver on a throttle worked, and
explain all the nuances for those
explain all the nuances for those
beginners who, let’s say, will have to
beginners who, let’s say, will have to
deal with repairs, there were modifications
deal with repairs, there were modifications
from similar lamps and LED
from similar lamps and LED
lamps, these drivers are widely
lamps, these drivers are widely
used in LED lamps, glasses of
used in LED lamps, glasses of
low power, lamps, if
low power, lamps, if
offhand, the power is somewhere up to 30 watts,
offhand, the power is somewhere up to 30 watts,
since let’s say in this microcircuit there
since let’s say in this microcircuit there
is a field-effect transistor
is a field-effect transistor
whose maximum current through the
whose maximum current through the
source-drain is equal to Pierre’s full, and the
source-drain is equal to Pierre’s full, and the
voltage can be supplied to the light bulbs
voltage can be supplied to the light bulbs
for about 72 years there, if we assume
for about 72 years there, if we assume
two strips are connected at once or several, then
two strips are connected at once or several, then
the voltage can be more than a hundred, well,
the voltage can be more than a hundred, well,
if we assume these parameters of the
if we assume these parameters of the
maximum field-effect transistor and
maximum field-effect transistor and
the voltage is multiplied according to Ohm’s law, then it
the voltage is multiplied according to Ohm’s law, then it
approximately turns out that this power is
approximately turns out that this power is
up to 30, well, it’s possible then write vat
up to 30, well, it’s possible then write vat
just because it’s already more In powerful
just because it’s already more In powerful
lamps and LED lamps, a
lamps and LED lamps, a
slightly complicated circuitry is used,
slightly complicated circuitry is used,
but the package in most
but the package in most
LED lamps is an example of
LED lamps is an example of
such a circuit here, and let’s look at it so that there
such a circuit here, and let’s look at it so that there
is a better understanding of what’s what in
is a better understanding of what’s what in
its operation, and so, for example, I will
its operation, and so, for example, I will
use a circuit in which there is a
use a circuit in which there is a
bp 2866 microcircuit I once
bp 2866 microcircuit I once
bought an oblong-shaped lamp,
bought an oblong-shaped lamp,
and this is what it looks like:
and this is what it looks like:
it has an aluminum base, in grooves in the
it has an aluminum base, in grooves in the
base there are three identical
base there are three identical
LED strips, each of which
LED strips, each of which
is powered by a constant voltage of
is powered by a constant voltage of
seventy-eight volts, that is, it is
seventy-eight volts, that is, it is
supplied to plus and minus and the operating current is
supplied to plus and minus and the operating current is
equal to 122 milliamps and that is, the power of
equal to 122 milliamps and that is, the power of
one strip is about nine and a
one strip is about nine and a
half watts. Inside this lamp, it
half watts. Inside this lamp, it
was installed on such a driver and it is
was installed on such a driver and it is
also specific in its own way since the
also specific in its own way since the
lamp has three strips, then on the
lamp has three strips, then on the
board itself it was originally
board itself it was originally
calculated that three would be installed
calculated that three would be installed
equally drivers, well, there are two identical
equally drivers, well, there are two identical
travers and here you can see
travers and here you can see
the same hearts from these details two
the same hearts from these details two
chokes two capacitors are the same two
chokes two capacitors are the same two
microcircuits here you can notice that
microcircuits here you can notice that
there are no parts on the board above each 3
there are no parts on the board above each 3
driver and since you have stripes and two
driver and since you have stripes and two
drivers the paladin driver powers
drivers the paladin driver powers
one strip and now plus or minus
one strip and now plus or minus
comes off from it, and the second driver, two strips at once
comes off from it, and the second driver, two strips at once
and the difference from just a
and the difference from just a
small one in these capacitors for one
small one in these capacitors for one
strip here is a capacitor and 68
strip here is a capacitor and 68
seems to be a microfarad, but the driver that
seems to be a microfarad, but the driver that
powers two strips at once connected
powers two strips at once connected
to each other in series is 10
to each other in series is 10
capacitor per put on one and a half
capacitor per put on one and a half
microfarads and more, that is, there are 8 something
microfarads and more, that is, there are 8 something
microfarads and all the other parts here are
microfarads and all the other parts here are
the same, that is 1 that the second driver has,
the same, that is 1 that the second driver has,
and the connections between the strips are
and the connections between the strips are
like this plus goes to one pin from the strip
like this plus goes to one pin from the strip
and then the minus is connected to the plus 2
and then the minus is connected to the plus 2
strips but also minus 2 strips already come out
strips but also minus 2 strips already come out
like this, these pros and cons go to
like this, these pros and cons go to
one driver, but the plus and minus of 1
one driver, but the plus and minus of 1
strip goes to another driver, this
strip goes to another driver, this
concerns the specificity of connecting
concerns the specificity of connecting
the driver to just such a lamp, well,
the driver to just such a lamp, well,
in my case, although normally there
in my case, although normally there
should be four on the board initially
should be four on the board initially
identical inductors for each strip, the
identical inductors for each strip, the
circuit of each of the road fractions looks
circuit of each of the road fractions looks
something like this: if in general we take
something like this: if in general we take
such a circuit design of raccoon drivers, then
such a circuit design of raccoon drivers, then
the difference between different microcircuits
the difference between different microcircuits
will be insignificant, just as
will be insignificant, just as
this diode will be present in other
this diode will be present in other
circuits, there will definitely be a chokes or a
circuits, there will definitely be a chokes or a
capacitor that stands parallel to the
capacitor that stands parallel to the
LED strip or strips, well, the
LED strip or strips, well, the
number of LEDs can also
number of LEDs can also
be different, the more LEDs there are
be different, the more LEDs there are
on a strip or tape, the more natural it will be and
on a strip or tape, the more natural it will be and
the voltage will need to be applied to them more
the voltage will need to be applied to them more
between the pluses and minuses when
between the pluses and minuses when
connected in series one after
connected in series one after
another, if for example one LED
another, if for example one LED
is powered by a voltage of 3 3 volts that
is powered by a voltage of 3 3 volts that
is, do we connect two naturally,
is, do we connect two naturally,
the voltage is twice as high, we need to
the voltage is twice as high, we need to
apply 6 6 volts to them already, if there are three
apply 6 6 volts to them already, if there are three
LEDs connected one after another,
LEDs connected one after another,
then the voltage will be 3 times more
then the voltage will be 3 times more
succumbing to them, that is, nine and
succumbing to them, that is, nine and
nine multis, well, I think the meaning of the concept of a NATO
nine multis, well, I think the meaning of the concept of a NATO
connection and depending on which strip
connection and depending on which strip
we came across, which LEDs and
we came across, which LEDs and
how many are connected one after another,
how many are connected one after another,
then the voltage will be
then the voltage will be
supplied to this entire cart, and a
supplied to this entire cart, and a
very great advantage of such circuits
very great advantage of such circuits
is that these microcircuits
is that these microcircuits
stabilize the current that passes
stabilize the current that passes
through the LEDs, and the voltage
through the LEDs, and the voltage
immediately will drop during operation to the
immediately will drop during operation to the
level that the LEDs themselves require,
level that the LEDs themselves require,
if let’s say our strip is designed
if let’s say our strip is designed
for seventy-eight volts, then the result
for seventy-eight volts, then the result
is limited to some value,
is limited to some value,
let’s say 122 milliamps, and in my
let’s say 122 milliamps, and in my
case for an LED lamp
case for an LED lamp
with three strips and the voltage is
with three strips and the voltage is
here there is 300 24 volts,
here there is 300 24 volts,
but it will immediately drop to a value of
but it will immediately drop to a value of
seventy-eight volts, but now let’s do
seventy-eight volts, but now let’s do
everything in order, starting with the operating principle itself
everything in order, starting with the operating principle itself
for beginners and for those who are
for beginners and for those who are
not yet in the know. Now, if earlier the
not yet in the know. Now, if earlier the
mains voltage was considered 220 volts, then
mains voltage was considered 220 volts, then
recently, relative to
recently, relative to
mains standards voltage is considered to be
mains standards voltage is considered to be
exactly 230 volts, if many still have to
exactly 230 volts, if many still have to
remember that after rectifying the
remember that after rectifying the
alternating voltage of 220 volts after the
alternating voltage of 220 volts after the
diode bridge and if there is a living capacitor from the hall,
diode bridge and if there is a living capacitor from the hall,
then the voltage
then the voltage
on the capacitor is no longer 220 will be
on the capacitor is no longer 220 will be
1.41 times greater, that is, at 110 volts,
1.41 times greater, that is, at 110 volts,
but since now the standard is already 230
but since now the standard is already 230
volts, then the amplitude value
volts, then the amplitude value
will no longer be 310 volts but will become 24
will no longer be 310 volts but will become 24
volts, but this is for those who did not know about
volts, but this is for those who did not know about
this yet, and so at the input we have a
this yet, and so at the input we have a
small resistor that performs two
small resistor that performs two
functions, the first is limiting the
functions, the first is limiting the
starting current then there is at the beginning moment we have
starting current then there is at the beginning moment we have
this capacitor discharged when we
this capacitor discharged when we
only supply voltage at the
only supply voltage at the
very, very beginning moment there is a
very, very beginning moment there is a
very large jump in current in the network, that is,
very large jump in current in the network, that is,
this is equivalent to the fact that instead of a
this is equivalent to the fact that instead of a
capacitor we just have a jumper here, well,
capacitor we just have a jumper here, well,
of course, this is almost a short circuit
of course, this is almost a short circuit
for a short period time, in this case,
for a short period time, in this case,
we have a high probability that
we have a high probability that
some diode or even the entire bridge may fail due to
some diode or even the entire bridge may fail due to
which the watt of the current shock is
which the watt of the current shock is
large, so that this effect of the
large, so that this effect of the
initial switching on of a large current
initial switching on of a large current
is reduced by placing a resistor there, there is
is reduced by placing a resistor there, there is
only enough there for a few,
only enough there for a few,
but here Let’s say 3 ohms costs, well, they
but here Let’s say 3 ohms costs, well, they
cost somewhere around 2 3 5 10
cost somewhere around 2 3 5 10
depending on the power of the circuit, and even
depending on the power of the circuit, and even
such a small resistor
such a small resistor
is enough for a few to reduce this starting corpse
is enough for a few to reduce this starting corpse
to safe values and already when
to safe values and already when
turned on, these currents will be safe for
turned on, these currents will be safe for
diode bridge, but the second function is the
diode bridge, but the second function is the
rudder of the fuse, that is, this
rudder of the fuse, that is, this
resistor is installed with relatively low
resistor is installed with relatively low
power, and in the event of a short circuit,
power, and in the event of a short circuit,
let’s say somewhere in the circuit this resistor
let’s say somewhere in the circuit this resistor
simply burns out and breaks the circuit. Well,
simply burns out and breaks the circuit. Well,
naturally, the voltage on the circuit is not
naturally, the voltage on the circuit is not
amenable to the purpose of the diode bridge at
amenable to the purpose of the diode bridge at
my house if this is rectification that is, do
my house if this is rectification that is, do
we have alternating currents, this is a form
we have alternating currents, this is a form
plus minus, we are changing now 150
plus minus, we are changing now 150
hertz, then after the bridge you will already have such
hertz, then after the bridge you will already have such
bursts, well, at least they will already be of the
bursts, well, at least they will already be of the
same polarity, well, in order to create such
same polarity, well, in order to create such
pulsations, a capacitor is installed, the
pulsations, a capacitor is installed, the
electrolyte of the hall, that is, made from this
electrolyte of the hall, that is, made from this
form there
form there
will be small pulsations more or less constant, but at
will be small ripples more or less constant, but at
least they will not be as large as
least they will not be as large as
without a capacitor of this shape and in
without a capacitor of this shape and in
the end, after only a limiting
the end, after only a limiting
resistor and also a fuse, after the
resistor and also a fuse, after the
diode bridge and after the capacitor, we
diode bridge and after the capacitor, we
get between this point and this
get between this point and this
plus and minus a constant voltage
plus and minus a constant voltage
of 300 24 volts and with this
of 300 24 volts and with this
voltage the driver itself begins
voltage the driver itself begins
to work. What is the task of this driver to
to work. What is the task of this driver to
begin with? Again, for beginners, it is worth
begin with? Again, for beginners, it is worth
saying that for powering LEDs,
saying that for powering LEDs,
current is also important, namely
current is also important, namely
current stabilization, if we look at the
current stabilization, if we look at the
current-voltage characteristic of the LED
current-voltage characteristic of the LED
then we will see the following here this one.
then we will see the following here this one.
normal operating state of
normal operating state of
the LED, that is, it will have a
the LED, that is, it will have a
rated current and some kind of
rated current and some kind of
voltage is permissible for ordinary
voltage is permissible for ordinary
white LEDs, this is beta 3 4
white LEDs, this is beta 3 4
volts, but at the same time, if we even slightly
volts, but at the same time, if we even slightly
change the voltage making it a little
change the voltage making it a little
more there by several tens of miles and
more there by several tens of miles and
we will increase we will see that something
we will increase we will see that something
goes up sharply, well, naturally the
goes up sharply, well, naturally the
LED will fail due to
LED will fail due to
overheating and so that a similar effect does not occur
overheating and so that a similar effect does not occur
when the LEDs are powered, that is, the
when the LEDs are powered, that is, the
excessive current is done precisely by
excessive current is done precisely by
stabilizing this very current, while the
stabilizing this very current, while the
voltage itself will hold
voltage itself will hold
at its normal level and to give
at its normal level and to give
him a better understanding of this operation of the circuit, how
him a better understanding of this operation of the circuit, how
this driver works and feels, to
this driver works and feels, to
tell the work of the choke, that is, the coils,
tell the work of the choke, that is, the coils,
when we sharply apply voltage to a regular coil,
when we sharply apply voltage to a regular coil,
only the carcasses have this property;
only the carcasses have this property;
at the very initial moment there will be 0 current and
at the very initial moment there will be 0 current and
gradually it will increase and
gradually it will increase and
the voltage will be
the voltage will be
the opposite, that is, at the beginning it
the opposite, that is, at the beginning it
will be maximum and will gradually
will be maximum and will gradually
decrease until its voltage drop
decrease until its voltage drop
corresponds to the active
corresponds to the active
resistance of this coil, and these
resistance of this coil, and these
transient processes occur due to the fact
transient processes occur due to the fact
that an electromagnetic field is formed on the coil itself,
that an electromagnetic field is formed on the coil itself,
which
which
prevents the movement of this current through the
prevents the movement of this current through the
coil, that is, it turns out that this current
coil, that is, it turns out that this current
creates a magnetic field on the coil,
creates a magnetic field on the coil,
so no, they are most trying
so no, they are most trying
to counteract this, and so this
to counteract this, and so this
very depressing process
very depressing process
occurs in the coil, we only have this
occurs in the coil, we only have this
voltage, and when
voltage, and when
the driver operates, in fact, we will use
the driver operates, in fact, we will use
this effect that is, we will
this effect that is, we will
sharply apply voltage and our table will
sharply apply voltage and our table will
rise from zero to some value of its own,
rise from zero to some value of its own,
as soon as the current reaches the
as soon as the current reaches the
maximum value we need, we
maximum value we need, we
will remove the coil voltage and after
will remove the coil voltage and after
that our current will gradually
that our current will gradually
decrease and, as a result, from such a
decrease and, as a result, from such a
pulsed supply of voltage to the coil,
pulsed supply of voltage to the coil,
that is, then the supply of that, remove this supply,
that is, then the supply of that, remove this supply,
then remove in the example the form of pushing the bullets this is the supply, the
current increases, remove the voltage, it drops again, a
then remove in the example the form of pushing the bullets this is the supply, the
current increases, remove the voltage, it drops again, a
new
new
pulse of current is applied 5 increases, removed it
pulse of current is applied 5 increases, removed it
falls again, and here we have the peak
falls again, and here we have the peak
value of the current then there is a maximum and
value of the current then there is a maximum and
minimum and average value of the current,
minimum and average value of the current,
that is, and for this nominal value
that is, and for this nominal value
which will be considered from the operating current
which will be considered from the operating current
after I explained from about the LED
after I explained from about the LED
that I need to stabilize only
that I need to stabilize only
everything correctly and how the coil works,
everything correctly and how the coil works,
something will increase and decrease
something will increase and decrease
and now we can begin to
and now we can begin to
analyze the operation of the driver itself and on the
analyze the operation of the driver itself and on the
microcircuit and so on until on the microcircuit
microcircuit and so on until on the microcircuit
these pins 5 6 and 7 here they
these pins 5 6 and 7 here they
correspond to the pin of a field-effect
correspond to the pin of a field-effect
transistor with an insulated gate 5 6
transistor with an insulated gate 5 6
and this will be the drain of the transistor and 7 this
and this will be the drain of the transistor and 7 this
will be source and to better
will be source and to better
understand, you can look at this
understand, you can look at this
picture, that is, the circuit itself remains
picture, that is, the circuit itself remains
the same, but in this place on the
the same, but in this place on the
microcircuit we have a regular field-effect
microcircuit we have a regular field-effect
transistor here we have a drain here we have a source here we
transistor here we have a drain here we have a source here we
have a gate which
have a gate which
is controlled by the microcircuit itself and when the
is controlled by the microcircuit itself and when the
microcircuit falls from the voltage on the
microcircuit falls from the voltage on the
gate, the source opens from the drain-source channel,
gate, the source opens from the drain-source channel,
but this is similar to the fact that there is
but this is similar to the fact that there is
simply a regular key, that is,
simply a regular key, that is,
a switch that either closes
a switch that either closes
or opens
or opens
to control the adjustment of the value, then
to control the adjustment of the value, then
someone who will flow through the
someone who will flow through the
LEDs uses the principle of
LEDs uses the principle of
width-width pulse regulation, that is,
width-width pulse regulation, that is,
if we need to increase the current, the
if we need to increase the current, the
opening duration of this transistor is increased,
opening duration of this transistor is increased,
but if it starts to become too much,
but if it starts to become too much,
then we reduce the
then we reduce the
opening time of this transistor, that is, we either
opening time of this transistor, that is, we either
allow more time for this
allow more time for this
current to flow through the transistor, or, on the contrary,
current to flow through the transistor, or, on the contrary,
we reduce that time and so this
we reduce that time and so this
resistor r2 is a current sensor, that
resistor r2 is a current sensor, that
is, from the bush it passes through the
is, from the bush it passes through the
LEDs through the inductor through the
LEDs through the inductor through the
drain-source channel of the transistor, and through the
drain-source channel of the transistor, and through the
resistors it goes to the minus, what current will be
resistors it goes to the minus, what current will be
on the LEDs, exactly the same current will
on the LEDs, exactly the same current will
flow through the resistor r2, the greater the
flow through the resistor r2, the greater the
current will be flow through the resistor, the
current will be flow through the resistor, the
greater the voltage drop will occur at
greater the voltage drop will occur at
the ends of this resistor so it has increased,
the ends of this resistor so it has increased,
therefore, the voltage between this and
therefore, the voltage between this and
this point has also increased, but this
this point has also increased, but this
voltage is seen and evaluated by the
voltage is seen and evaluated by the
microcircuit, and we can change the value of the operating
microcircuit, and we can change the value of the operating
current to these resistors
current to these resistors
if we increase the resistance of this
if we increase the resistance of this
resistor then our current will decrease if
resistor then our current will decrease if
we make the resistance of this resistor
we make the resistance of this resistor
smaller, our flow will increase, that is,
smaller, our flow will increase, that is,
this resistor we have and gives the amount of
this resistor we have and gives the value of the
operating current in general, we get power, we supply
operating current in general, we get power, we supply
voltage here,
voltage here,
300 24 volts are formed, the microcircuit turns on,
300 24 volts are formed, the microcircuit turns on,
opens the transistor, and well, as I
opens the transistor, and well, as I
said earlier about the inductor that when we
said earlier about the inductor that when we
sharply apply voltage to it, then
sharply apply voltage to it, then
only ours begins to gradually
only ours begins to gradually
increase, starting to 0 if our
increase, starting to 0 if our
LED strip is
LED strip is
initially designed so it is operating at 122
initially designed so it is operating at 122
milliamps, and well, as soon as this current
milliamps, and well, as soon as this current
reaches this value, through the
reaches this value, through the
inductor, the microcircuit estimates this through
inductor, the microcircuit estimates this through
this resistor and as soon as the
this resistor and as soon as the
required microcircuit has reached the maximum, it immediately
required microcircuit has reached the maximum, it immediately
closes the transistor, that is, it
closes the transistor, that is, it
breaks the circuit, after which the current
breaks the circuit, after which the current
begins to gradually decrease with the maximum,
begins to gradually decrease with the maximum,
and it is worth noting that the
and it is worth noting that the
specificity of the coil is that the
specificity of the coil is that the
current cannot sharply drop to 0, it
current cannot sharply drop to 0, it
can only also slowly decrease, and another
can only also slowly decrease, and another
important point from the operation of the coil
important point from the operation of the coil
is that after disconnecting it from
is that after disconnecting it from
the power, this is the stored energy or the
the power, this is the stored energy or the
frame of this field around it, it
frame of this field around it, it
gradually begins to release this energy, the
gradually begins to release this energy, the
current continues to move, the current will
current continues to move, the current will
move in the same direction as
move in the same direction as
initially, this is how it moved, but after
initially, this is how it moved, but after
turning off the power, that is, here
turning off the power, that is, here
we no longer have a circuit, so there is no point in
we no longer have a circuit, so there is no point in
moving somehow, then in this case
moving somehow, then in this case
the coil itself changes polarity,
the coil itself changes polarity,
that is, if when the transistor is open,
that is, if when the transistor is open,
the lux on the coil here gives in to the
the lux on the coil here gives in to the
minus and the magnetic field accumulates on the
minus and the magnetic field accumulates on the
coil, then after disconnecting it from the power supply a
coil, then after disconnecting it from the power supply a
polarity reversal occurs, that is, it will
polarity reversal occurs, that is, it will
already have a plus here and a
already have a plus here and a
minus here, and it turns out that this plus
minus here, and it turns out that this plus
will freely pass through this diode
will freely pass through this diode
and go to the plus of the LED strip and
and go to the plus of the LED strip and
also to the additional charge of this
also to the additional charge of this
capacitor, which is
capacitor, which is
smoothing and minimizes
smoothing and minimizes
various voltage surges the matter of the
various voltage surges the matter of the
cross-section of the agents themselves is more stable, that
cross-section of the agents themselves is more stable, that
is, they reduce the pulsations of light, but this
is, they reduce the pulsations of light, but this
minus that is formed on the coil
minus that is formed on the coil
immediately goes to the LED strip to its
immediately goes to the LED strip to its
cathode and at the same time this electromagnetic
cathode and at the same time this electromagnetic
field about which continues the flow of current
field about which continues the flow of current
when the transistor is turned off continues
when the transistor is turned off continues
to power the LED strip and is obtained
to power the LED strip and is obtained
when the key is open our current increases
when the key is open our current increases
and at the same time our LEDs light up
and at the same time our LEDs light up
when we close the key, which
when we close the key, which
starts to fall, but
starts to fall, but
the LEDs still continue to glow although
the LEDs still continue to glow although
their brightness gradually decreases, but
their brightness gradually decreases, but
since there is a capacitor here
since there is a capacitor here
that
that
accumulates charge on itself and these are the
accumulates charge on itself and these are the
ripples
ripples
it simply smooths out this
it simply smooths out this
current and in general the operating current is equal to
current and in general the operating current is equal to
its nominal one and
its nominal one and
keep track of everything here is the microcircuit, that is, when there is
keep track of everything here is the microcircuit, that is, when there is
not enough transistor open, the
not enough transistor open, the
inductor is pumped and the LEDs
inductor is pumped and the LEDs
light up, but as soon as the current reaches the limit, the
light up, but as soon as the current reaches the limit, the
transistor closes and the
transistor closes and the
circuit begins to reduce this operating current,
circuit begins to reduce this operating current,
since these circuits operate at
since these circuits operate at
fairly high frequencies, but
fairly high frequencies, but
relatively, of course, the network is pure 50
relatively, of course, the network is pure 50
hertz, these impulse circuits
hertz, these impulse circuits
work in the frequency range from
work in the frequency range from
50-150 hertz, that is,
50-150 hertz, that is,
the frequency is relatively high at such a frequency, they do not
the frequency is relatively high at such a frequency, they do not
notice the mimers, although they are still there
notice the mimers, although they are still there
since this part of the driver’s body
since this part of the driver’s body
works at a relatively high frequency, then
works at a relatively high frequency, then
this diode must be fast,
this diode must be fast,
that is, if we use
that is, if we use
ordinary GIA at the input, they give slow ones like 1n 4007,
ordinary GIA at the input, they give slow ones like 1n 4007,
since here the frequency is 50 hertz, then already in
since here the frequency is 50 hertz, then already in
this chain since we are dealing with
this chain since we are dealing with
kilohertz ourselves these diodes won’t fit,
kilohertz ourselves these diodes won’t fit,
they won’t work correctly, and here
they won’t work correctly, and here
you must install
you must install
diodes quickly, so take this moment into account,
diodes quickly, so take this moment into account,
since it’s clear that there’s a transistor here in this
since it’s clear that there
place, let’s go back to
is a transistor here in this place again, let’s go back to
this circuit with the microcircuit, and so
this circuit with the microcircuit, and so
we figured out this part, and this I
we figured out this part, and this I
told you about the resistor and it’s clear that they are given the
told you about the resistor and it’s clear that they are given the
current from the worker to the
current from the worker to the
LEDs in ME3 microcircuits, as from
LEDs in ME3 microcircuits, as from
this there is also an overvoltage protection pin, the
this there is also an overvoltage protection pin, the
value of which
value of which
is regulated by these resistors, and
is regulated by these resistors, and
this pin is signed as RVP, this pin
this pin is signed as RVP, this pin
on the microcircuit is the power supply for plus, well, the
on the microcircuit is the power supply for plus, well, the
first is the minus of the power supply, that is, the
first is the minus of the power supply, that is, the
nd output of the common wire screams, the output is not
nd output of the common wire screams, the output is not
used, the second output we have
used, the second output we have
overvoltage protection, if protection is not needed, then the
overvoltage protection, if protection is not needed, then the
resistor can simply be removed altogether, but
resistor can simply be removed altogether, but
now I’ll tell you briefly about this protection and
now I’ll tell you briefly about this protection and
so what is this protection from
so what is this protection from
overvoltage, the thing is that on the
overvoltage, the thing is that on the
one hand it is needed from another country and you
one hand it is needed from another country and you
can do without it here, the voltage here is
can do without it here, the voltage here is
300 24 volts between this
300 24 volts between this
point pluses and minuses of the common wire, the
point pluses and minuses of the common wire, the
LEDs are powered at a
LEDs are powered at a
lower voltage, let’s say in my case the
lower voltage, let’s say in my case the
strips are designed for seventy-
strips are designed for seventy-
eight volts since it also
eight volts since it also
stabilizes the driver with a choke and the current and
stabilizes the driver with a choke and the current and
voltage automatically drops to
voltage automatically drops to
its operating level. In this case, what
its operating level. In this case, what
most often happens is that one LED
most often happens is that one LED
burns out, in this case the color
burns out, in this case the color
breaks off and at these
breaks off and at these
connection points the screws themselves
connection points the screws themselves
begin to tend to the voltage from this
begin to tend to the voltage from this
maximum, it turns out that on this
maximum, it turns out that on this
capacitor we will already have a
capacitor we will already have a
voltage of 300 24 volts after a break,
voltage of 300 24 volts after a break,
this is what I consider to be that circuit, and in many
this is what I consider to be that circuit, and in many
cases this capacitor is designed
cases this capacitor is designed
for a voltage of, say, 250 volts and it is
for a voltage of, say, 250 volts and it is
less than that of this capacitor, that is,
less than that of this capacitor, that is,
if this fascinating end then
if this fascinating end then
stands at Our input is initially
stands at Our input is initially
designed for 400 volts, it needs 400 to
designed for 400 volts, it needs 400 to
450 where they put it and this
450 where they put it and this
voltage it holds freely, as
voltage it holds freely, as
soon as this voltage appears from
soon as this voltage appears from
this end there is a high probability that
this end there is a high probability that
it will fail, that is, it smells, the
it will fail, that is, it smells, the
question arises, why right here do not
question arises, why right here do not
put a capacitor on one with a high
put a capacitor on one with a high
voltage, most likely this is done for
voltage, most likely this is done for
economic reasons, first of all, a
economic reasons, first of all, a
capacitor with a high voltage and the
capacitor with a high voltage and the
dimensions will be larger, but the
dimensions will be larger, but the
second thing is that these capacitors will
second thing is that these capacitors will
cost more and perhaps after their
cost more and perhaps after their
calculations the manufacturer understands that
calculations the manufacturer understands that
everything will be cheaper install this kind of
everything will be cheaper install this kind of
voltage protection rather than install
voltage protection rather than install
capacitors here, which will be
capacitors here, which will be
more expensive, but this is one of the reasons
more expensive, but this is one of the reasons
to prevent this from happening at voltage,
to prevent this from happening at voltage,
here in this place with this register a
here in this place with this register a
threshold is set, let’s say you can
threshold is set, let’s say you can
hear volts there when the operating voltage
hear volts there when the operating voltage
here is seventy-eight volts and as
here is seventy-eight volts and as
soon as the LED
soon as the LED
fails, the voltage begins to increase
fails, the voltage begins to increase
and when it reaches this
and when it reaches this
protection defect, let’s say there is 150 volts, the microcircuit
protection defect, let’s say there is 150 volts, the microcircuit
immediately interrupts this contact, that
immediately interrupts this contact, that
is, the field-effect transistor closes, well
is, the field-effect transistor closes, well
here it can no longer pass to the negative potential
here it can no longer pass to the negative potential
and
and
recharge the capacitor to this
recharge the capacitor to this
critical value, so if you
critical value, so if you
put a capacitor here at a higher
put a capacitor here at a higher
voltage, that is, there is no special sense in this protection,
voltage, that is, there is no special sense in this protection,
now in general I think it’s
now in general I think it’s
clear how this circuit works, except
clear how this circuit works, except
that it’s also worth adding about the advantages of
that it’s also worth adding about the advantages of
the operation of such circuits, namely about
the operation of such circuits, namely about
the versatility of the output voltage if
the versatility of the output voltage if
we collect current in which is important for
we collect the current in which is important for
the operation of LEDs, the voltage can
the operation of LEDs, the voltage can
change over a wide range, that is,
change over a wide range, that is,
leaving the same operating current, we
leaving the same operating current, we
can add some LEDs here,
can add some LEDs here
or, on the contrary, reduce them, let’s put here, let’s say there are
or, on the contrary, reduce them, let’s put here, let’s say there are
only a few
only a few
LEDs, there are about five of them so that there is a
LEDs, there are about five of them so that there is a
small brightness and at this driver
small brightness and at this driver
will work normally for us, or
will work normally for us, or
without changing anything in this circuit, we always
without changing anything in this circuit, we always
simply add LEDs one after
simply add LEDs one after
another, increasing to the required value,
another, increasing to the required value,
as long as the total supply voltage of the
as long as the total supply voltage of the
LEDs does not exceed this
LEDs does not exceed this
maximum supply voltage, and as with a
maximum supply voltage, and as with a
small number of LEDs, so with a
small number of LEDs, so with a
large with the number of LEDs, the circuit
large with the number of LEDs, the circuit
will work equally well, and
will work equally well, and
this is the great advantage of such circuits,
this is the great advantage of such circuits,
and when using such an
and when using such an
LED light bulb driver, this allows you
LED light bulb driver, this allows you
to do the following: if we have one
to do the following: if we have one
LED that burns out into light bulbs, we just
LED that burns out into light bulbs, we just
pick it out, put a
pick it out, put a
jumper in its place, and the repair is completed, turn on the light
jumper in its place, and the repair is completed, turn on the light
bulb again it
bulb again it
works normally, although the brightness of the skin release is slightly lower,
works normally, although the brightness of the skin release is slightly lower,
one LED is missing on
one LED is missing on
the operation of the driver itself, this will not particularly affect the operation
of the driver itself,
the operation of the driver itself, this will not particularly affect the operation
of the driver itself,
but here it is only worth
but here it is only worth
considering that these various
considering that these various
microcircuits for such drivers have
microcircuits for such drivers have
their own minimum level of this
their own minimum level of this
output voltage, which is acceptable and
output voltage, which is acceptable and
for this particular microcircuit from with a letter
for this particular microcircuit from with a letter
index and this voltage is equal to 20 volts,
index and this voltage is equal to 20 volts,
that is, the operating voltage for
that is, the operating voltage for
LEDs and on this the microcircuit can
LEDs and on this the microcircuit can
provide from 20 volts to a maximum of
provide from 20 volts to a maximum of
this value, if we connect
this value, if we connect
too few LEDs
too few LEDs
that will be powered by a voltage of
that will be powered by a voltage of
less than 20 mult, then most likely this
less than 20 mult, then most likely this
microcircuit will no longer work
microcircuit will no longer work
correctly and will not be able to provide the required
correctly and will not be able to provide the required
minimum voltage, less than 20 will be,
minimum voltage, less than 20 will be,
although from a microcircuit with a lower threshold,
although from a microcircuit with a lower threshold,
let’s say from 10 volts, but this initially
let’s say from 10 volts, but this initially
needs to be looked at in the datasheets, well, since
needs to be looked at in the datasheets, well, since
I talked about the circuit itself about its operation, I
I talked about the circuit itself about its operation, I
would like to add a few more words
would like to add a few more words
According to the datasheet, what's what and what
According to the datasheet, what's what and what
parameters you need to pay attention to, so
parameters you need to pay attention to, so
let's say you have an
let's say you have an
LED driver and before
LED driver and before
repairing or modifying it, it
repairing or modifying it, it
is advisable to find a datasheet for it on the Internet, that is, a
is advisable to find a datasheet for it on the Internet, that is, a
specification and look at the main
specification and look at the main
characteristics so that when modifying you do not
characteristics so that when modifying you do not
go beyond the boundaries and thereby not
go beyond the boundaries and thereby not
disrupt the normal operation of your
disrupt the normal operation of your
microcircuits, and so let’s briefly
microcircuits, and so let’s briefly
go through the datasheet and on this
go through the datasheet and on this
microcircuit I used at the very
microcircuit I used at the very
beginning, it says that the input
beginning, it says that the input
supply voltage can be from 85 to
supply voltage can be from 85 to
265 volts, well, for my microcircuits it is almost
265 volts, well, for my microcircuits it is almost
the same range, this further is that a
the same range, this further is that a
field-effect transistor can withstand
field-effect transistor can withstand
voltages of up to 500 volts between source and drain,
voltages of up to 500 volts between source and drain,
that is, it can be considered
that is, it can be considered
high-voltage, the output
high-voltage, the output
current error is plus or minus five percent, which
current error is plus or minus five percent, which
is considered a fairly good indicator
is considered a fairly good indicator
in datasheets, as a rule, the
in datasheets, as a rule, the
connection diagram of this microcircuit itself is indicated, as
connection diagram of this microcircuit itself is indicated, as
you can see, it coincides with what I just
you can see, it coincides with what I just
looked at it in my drawing, it
looked at it in my drawing, it
also shows where the pins on the
also shows where the pins on the
microcircuit are for their purposes, then the
microcircuit are for their purposes, then the
range of supply voltages of the
range of supply voltages of the
microcircuit is indicated here, that is, it is 500 volts and up to
microcircuit is indicated here, that is, it is 500 volts and up to
500 volts, as I just said, it
500 volts, as I just said, it
can withstand the field-effect transistor
can withstand the field-effect transistor
inside this microcircuit threshold
inside this microcircuit threshold
operating voltage
operating voltage
in current and overvoltage protection, this is
in current and overvoltage protection, this is
0 3 volts, that is, from 0 to 0 3
0 3 volts, that is, from 0 to 0 3
volts, more precisely, a little less than 0 3 volts,
volts, more precisely, a little less than 0 3 volts,
since at this voltage the
since at this voltage the
microcircuit for the
microcircuit for the
current protection unit is already triggered, opening this
current protection unit is already triggered, opening this
action to the field and the current flows through the
action to the field and the current flows through the
coil through the LEDs, but as soon as the
coil through the LEDs, but as soon as the
voltage on the resistor from the current sensor r2 exceeds 0 3 volts, well,
voltage on the resistor from the current sensor r2 exceeds 0 3 volts, well,
0 3 to 8 volts is the limit, then this
0 3 to 8 volts is the limit, then this
is a command so that this is not the sister
is a command so that this is not the sister
is closed, that is, the current is already above
is closed, that is, the current is already above
critical, but the microcircuit thereby
critical, but the microcircuit thereby
begins to reduce the current by LEDs, you have
begins to reduce the current by LEDs, you have
such a response limit on the output of the
such a response limit on the output of the
overvoltage protection on the microcircuit,
overvoltage protection on the microcircuit,
here the maximum current for the
here the maximum current for the
field-effect transistor is indicated, more precisely for and
field-effect transistor is indicated, more precisely for and
east, I have a microcircuit with the letter a at the
east, I have a microcircuit with the letter a at the
end and for this microcircuit this is the
end and for this microcircuit this is the
maximum current this is the half of the pen, although for
maximum current this is the half of the pen, although for
other microcircuits this is currents like ours we see
other microcircuits this is currents like ours we see
more maximum
more maximum
power dissipation by the field-effect transistor of this
power dissipation by the field-effect transistor of this
microcircuit, but the temperature is also indicated, it is also
microcircuit, but the temperature is also indicated, it is also
important to pay attention to this plate,
important to pay attention to this plate,
namely the rated current for LEDs,
namely the rated current for LEDs,
my working microcircuit with the letter a, the
my working microcircuit with the letter a, the
rated current is more than 160
rated current is more than 160
milliamps, the maximum current that
milliamps, the maximum current that
this microcircuit for LEDs can provide
this microcircuit for LEDs can provide
is 240 milliampere, but
is 240 milliampere, but
again this is for a microcircuit with the letter a, and
again this is for a microcircuit with the letter a, and
as I mentioned earlier, there is a
as I mentioned earlier, there is a
minimum voltage threshold for
minimum voltage threshold for
LEDs and personally for my
LEDs and personally for my
microcircuits it is from 20 volts, that is, this
microcircuits it is from 20 volts, that is, this
microcircuit can power a chain of
microcircuit can power a chain of
LEDs with a total voltage of at least
LEDs with a total voltage of at least
20 volts and normal working can be
20 volts and normal working can be
from 20 volts to the maximum
from 20 volts to the maximum
supply voltage of the circuit itself, well, let’s say for
supply voltage of the circuit itself, well, let’s say for
other letter indices of this
other letter indices of this
microcircuit the threshold is even lower than 15 volts,
microcircuit the threshold is even lower than 15 volts,
but here the less significant
but here the less significant
characteristics are the range of maximum and
minimum time
spent in the open and closed
state of the field-effect transistor who is
interested in the internal structure of the
microcircuit and nodes, and there are also
formulas for calculating these resistors
for current and overvoltage protection
using these formulas, you can calculate all this
so I understand this
principle of operation for such simple
drivers that are very often installed in
ordinary LED light bulbs, knowing and
understanding this work of these circuits and
nuances will make it easier to repair and
modify them, and so on, but that’s it for
everyone who liked the video, please
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we are waiting for new videos, all the best bye
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