hello friends and subscribers of my

hello friends and subscribers of my

channel in this video I wanted to tell you

channel in this video I wanted to tell you

the principle of operation, a simple circuit of an

the principle of operation, a simple circuit of an

LED driver on a throttle worked, and

LED driver on a throttle worked, and

explain all the nuances for those

explain all the nuances for those

beginners who, let’s say, will have to

beginners who, let’s say, will have to

deal with repairs, there were modifications

deal with repairs, there were modifications

from similar lamps and LED

from similar lamps and LED

lamps, these drivers are widely

lamps, these drivers are widely

used in LED lamps, glasses of

used in LED lamps, glasses of

low power, lamps, if

low power, lamps, if

offhand, the power is somewhere up to 30 watts,

offhand, the power is somewhere up to 30 watts,

since let’s say in this microcircuit there

since let’s say in this microcircuit there

is a field-effect transistor
is a field-effect transistor

whose maximum current through the

whose maximum current through the

source-drain is equal to Pierre’s full, and the

source-drain is equal to Pierre’s full, and the

voltage can be supplied to the light bulbs

voltage can be supplied to the light bulbs

for about 72 years there, if we assume

for about 72 years there, if we assume

two strips are connected at once or several, then

two strips are connected at once or several, then

the voltage can be more than a hundred, well,

the voltage can be more than a hundred, well,
if we assume these parameters of the
if we assume these parameters of the

maximum field-effect transistor and

maximum field-effect transistor and

the voltage is multiplied according to Ohm’s law, then it

the voltage is multiplied according to Ohm’s law, then it

approximately turns out that this power is

approximately turns out that this power is

up to 30, well, it’s possible then write vat

up to 30, well, it’s possible then write vat

just because it’s already more In powerful

just because it’s already more In powerful

lamps and LED lamps, a

lamps and LED lamps, a

slightly complicated circuitry is used,

slightly complicated circuitry is used,

but the package in most

but the package in most

LED lamps is an example of

LED lamps is an example of

such a circuit here, and let’s look at it so that there

such a circuit here, and let’s look at it so that there

is a better understanding of what’s what in

is a better understanding of what’s what in

its operation, and so, for example, I will

its operation, and so, for example, I will

use a circuit in which there is a

use a circuit in which there is a

bp 2866 microcircuit I once

bp 2866 microcircuit I once

bought an oblong-shaped lamp,

bought an oblong-shaped lamp,

and this is what it looks like:

and this is what it looks like:

it has an aluminum base, in grooves in the

it has an aluminum base, in grooves in the

base there are three identical

base there are three identical

LED strips, each of which

LED strips, each of which

is powered by a constant voltage of

is powered by a constant voltage of

seventy-eight volts, that is, it is

seventy-eight volts, that is, it is

supplied to plus and minus and the operating current is

supplied to plus and minus and the operating current is

equal to 122 milliamps and that is, the power of

equal to 122 milliamps and that is, the power of

one strip is about nine and a

one strip is about nine and a

half watts. Inside this lamp, it

half watts. Inside this lamp, it

was installed on such a driver and it is

was installed on such a driver and it is

also specific in its own way since the

also specific in its own way since the

lamp has three strips, then on the

lamp has three strips, then on the

board itself it was originally

board itself it was originally

calculated that three would be installed

calculated that three would be installed

equally drivers, well, there are two identical

equally drivers, well, there are two identical

travers and here you can see

travers and here you can see

the same hearts from these details two

the same hearts from these details two

chokes two capacitors are the same two

chokes two capacitors are the same two

microcircuits here you can notice that

microcircuits here you can notice that

there are no parts on the board above each 3

there are no parts on the board above each 3

driver and since you have stripes and two

driver and since you have stripes and two

drivers the paladin driver powers

drivers the paladin driver powers
one strip and now plus or minus
one strip and now plus or minus

comes off from it, and the second driver, two strips at once
comes off from it, and the second driver, two strips at once

and the difference from just a

and the difference from just a

small one in these capacitors for one

small one in these capacitors for one

strip here is a capacitor and 68

strip here is a capacitor and 68

seems to be a microfarad, but the driver that

seems to be a microfarad, but the driver that

powers two strips at once connected

powers two strips at once connected

to each other in series is 10

to each other in series is 10

capacitor per put on one and a half

capacitor per put on one and a half

microfarads and more, that is, there are 8 something

microfarads and more, that is, there are 8 something

microfarads and all the other parts here are

microfarads and all the other parts here are

the same, that is 1 that the second driver has,

the same, that is 1 that the second driver has,

and the connections between the strips are

and the connections between the strips are

like this plus goes to one pin from the strip

like this plus goes to one pin from the strip

and then the minus is connected to the plus 2

and then the minus is connected to the plus 2

strips but also minus 2 strips already come out

strips but also minus 2 strips already come out

like this, these pros and cons go to

like this, these pros and cons go to

one driver, but the plus and minus of 1

one driver, but the plus and minus of 1

strip goes to another driver, this

strip goes to another driver, this

concerns the specificity of connecting

concerns the specificity of connecting
the driver to just such a lamp, well,
the driver to just such a lamp, well,

in my case, although normally there

in my case, although normally there

should be four on the board initially

should be four on the board initially

identical inductors for each strip, the

identical inductors for each strip, the

circuit of each of the road fractions looks

circuit of each of the road fractions looks

something like this: if in general we take

something like this: if in general we take

such a circuit design of raccoon drivers, then

such a circuit design of raccoon drivers, then

the difference between different microcircuits

the difference between different microcircuits

will be insignificant, just as

will be insignificant, just as

this diode will be present in other

this diode will be present in other

circuits, there will definitely be a chokes or a

circuits, there will definitely be a chokes or a

capacitor that stands parallel to the

capacitor that stands parallel to the

LED strip or strips, well, the

LED strip or strips, well, the

number of LEDs can also

number of LEDs can also

be different, the more LEDs there are

be different, the more LEDs there are

on a strip or tape, the more natural it will be and

on a strip or tape, the more natural it will be and

the voltage will need to be applied to them more

the voltage will need to be applied to them more

between the pluses and minuses when

between the pluses and minuses when

connected in series one after

connected in series one after

another, if for example one LED

another, if for example one LED

is powered by a voltage of 3 3 volts that

is powered by a voltage of 3 3 volts that

is, do we connect two naturally,

is, do we connect two naturally,

the voltage is twice as high, we need to

the voltage is twice as high, we need to

apply 6 6 volts to them already, if there are three

apply 6 6 volts to them already, if there are three

LEDs connected one after another,

LEDs connected one after another,

then the voltage will be 3 times more

then the voltage will be 3 times more

succumbing to them, that is, nine and

succumbing to them, that is, nine and

nine multis, well, I think the meaning of the concept of a NATO

nine multis, well, I think the meaning of the concept of a NATO

connection and depending on which strip

connection and depending on which strip

we came across, which LEDs and

we came across, which LEDs and

how many are connected one after another,

how many are connected one after another,

then the voltage will be

then the voltage will be

supplied to this entire cart, and a

supplied to this entire cart, and a

very great advantage of such circuits

very great advantage of such circuits

is that these microcircuits

is that these microcircuits

stabilize the current that passes

stabilize the current that passes

through the LEDs, and the voltage

through the LEDs, and the voltage

immediately will drop during operation to the

immediately will drop during operation to the

level that the LEDs themselves require,

level that the LEDs themselves require,
if let’s say our strip is designed
if let’s say our strip is designed

for seventy-eight volts, then the result

for seventy-eight volts, then the result

is limited to some value,

is limited to some value,

let’s say 122 milliamps, and in my

let’s say 122 milliamps, and in my

case for an LED lamp

case for an LED lamp

with three strips and the voltage is

with three strips and the voltage is

here there is 300 24 volts,

here there is 300 24 volts,

but it will immediately drop to a value of

but it will immediately drop to a value of

seventy-eight volts, but now let’s do

seventy-eight volts, but now let’s do

everything in order, starting with the operating principle itself

everything in order, starting with the operating principle itself

for beginners and for those who are

for beginners and for those who are

not yet in the know. Now, if earlier the

not yet in the know. Now, if earlier the

mains voltage was considered 220 volts, then

mains voltage was considered 220 volts, then

recently, relative to
recently, relative to

mains standards voltage is considered to be

mains standards voltage is considered to be

exactly 230 volts, if many still have to

exactly 230 volts, if many still have to

remember that after rectifying the

remember that after rectifying the

alternating voltage of 220 volts after the

alternating voltage of 220 volts after the

diode bridge and if there is a living capacitor from the hall,

diode bridge and if there is a living capacitor from the hall,

then the voltage

then the voltage
on the capacitor is no longer 220 will be
on the capacitor is no longer 220 will be

1.41 times greater, that is, at 110 volts,

1.41 times greater, that is, at 110 volts,

but since now the standard is already 230

but since now the standard is already 230

volts, then the amplitude value

volts, then the amplitude value

will no longer be 310 volts but will become 24

will no longer be 310 volts but will become 24

volts, but this is for those who did not know about
volts, but this is for those who did not know about

this yet, and so at the input we have a

this yet, and so at the input we have a

small resistor that performs two

small resistor that performs two

functions, the first is limiting the

functions, the first is limiting the

starting current then there is at the beginning moment we have

starting current then there is at the beginning moment we have

this capacitor discharged when we

this capacitor discharged when we

only supply voltage at the

only supply voltage at the

very, very beginning moment there is a

very, very beginning moment there is a

very large jump in current in the network, that is,

very large jump in current in the network, that is,

this is equivalent to the fact that instead of a

this is equivalent to the fact that instead of a

capacitor we just have a jumper here, well,

capacitor we just have a jumper here, well,

of course, this is almost a short circuit

of course, this is almost a short circuit

for a short period time, in this case,

for a short period time, in this case,

we have a high probability that

we have a high probability that

some diode or even the entire bridge may fail due to

some diode or even the entire bridge may fail due to

which the watt of the current shock is

which the watt of the current shock is

large, so that this effect of the

large, so that this effect of the

initial switching on of a large current

initial switching on of a large current

is reduced by placing a resistor there, there is

is reduced by placing a resistor there, there is

only enough there for a few,

only enough there for a few,

but here Let’s say 3 ohms costs, well, they

but here Let’s say 3 ohms costs, well, they

cost somewhere around 2 3 5 10

cost somewhere around 2 3 5 10

depending on the power of the circuit, and even

depending on the power of the circuit, and even

such a small resistor

such a small resistor

is enough for a few to reduce this starting corpse

is enough for a few to reduce this starting corpse

to safe values and already when

to safe values and already when

turned on, these currents will be safe for

turned on, these currents will be safe for

diode bridge, but the second function is the

diode bridge, but the second function is the

rudder of the fuse, that is, this

rudder of the fuse, that is, this

resistor is installed with relatively low

resistor is installed with relatively low

power, and in the event of a short circuit,

power, and in the event of a short circuit,

let’s say somewhere in the circuit this resistor

let’s say somewhere in the circuit this resistor

simply burns out and breaks the circuit. Well,

simply burns out and breaks the circuit. Well,

naturally, the voltage on the circuit is not

naturally, the voltage on the circuit is not
amenable to the purpose of the diode bridge at
amenable to the purpose of the diode bridge at

my house if this is rectification that is, do

my house if this is rectification that is, do

we have alternating currents, this is a form

we have alternating currents, this is a form

plus minus, we are changing now 150

plus minus, we are changing now 150

hertz, then after the bridge you will already have such
hertz, then after the bridge you will already have such

bursts, well, at least they will already be of the

bursts, well, at least they will already be of the

same polarity, well, in order to create such

same polarity, well, in order to create such

pulsations, a capacitor is installed, the

pulsations, a capacitor is installed, the

electrolyte of the hall, that is, made from this

electrolyte of the hall, that is, made from this

form there
form there

will be small pulsations more or less constant, but at

will be small ripples more or less constant, but at

least they will not be as large as

least they will not be as large as

without a capacitor of this shape and in

without a capacitor of this shape and in

the end, after only a limiting

the end, after only a limiting

resistor and also a fuse, after the

resistor and also a fuse, after the

diode bridge and after the capacitor, we

diode bridge and after the capacitor, we

get between this point and this

get between this point and this

plus and minus a constant voltage

plus and minus a constant voltage

of 300 24 volts and with this

of 300 24 volts and with this

voltage the driver itself begins

voltage the driver itself begins
to work. What is the task of this driver to
to work. What is the task of this driver to

begin with? Again, for beginners, it is worth

begin with? Again, for beginners, it is worth

saying that for powering LEDs,

saying that for powering LEDs,

current is also important, namely

current is also important, namely

current stabilization, if we look at the

current stabilization, if we look at the

current-voltage characteristic of the LED

current-voltage characteristic of the LED

then we will see the following here this one.

then we will see the following here this one.

normal operating state of

normal operating state of

the LED, that is, it will have a

the LED, that is, it will have a

rated current and some kind of

rated current and some kind of

voltage is permissible for ordinary

voltage is permissible for ordinary

white LEDs, this is beta 3 4

white LEDs, this is beta 3 4

volts, but at the same time, if we even slightly

volts, but at the same time, if we even slightly

change the voltage making it a little

change the voltage making it a little

more there by several tens of miles and

more there by several tens of miles and

we will increase we will see that something

we will increase we will see that something

goes up sharply, well, naturally the

goes up sharply, well, naturally the

LED will fail due to

LED will fail due to

overheating and so that a similar effect does not occur

overheating and so that a similar effect does not occur

when the LEDs are powered, that is, the

when the LEDs are powered, that is, the

excessive current is done precisely by

excessive current is done precisely by

stabilizing this very current, while the

stabilizing this very current, while the

voltage itself will hold

voltage itself will hold

at its normal level and to give

at its normal level and to give

him a better understanding of this operation of the circuit, how

him a better understanding of this operation of the circuit, how

this driver works and feels, to

this driver works and feels, to

tell the work of the choke, that is, the coils,

tell the work of the choke, that is, the coils,

when we sharply apply voltage to a regular coil,

when we sharply apply voltage to a regular coil,

only the carcasses have this property;

only the carcasses have this property;

at the very initial moment there will be 0 current and

at the very initial moment there will be 0 current and

gradually it will increase and

gradually it will increase and

the voltage will be

the voltage will be

the opposite, that is, at the beginning it

the opposite, that is, at the beginning it

will be maximum and will gradually

will be maximum and will gradually

decrease until its voltage drop

decrease until its voltage drop

corresponds to the active

corresponds to the active

resistance of this coil, and these

resistance of this coil, and these

transient processes occur due to the fact

transient processes occur due to the fact

that an electromagnetic field is formed on the coil itself,

that an electromagnetic field is formed on the coil itself,
which
which

prevents the movement of this current through the

prevents the movement of this current through the

coil, that is, it turns out that this current

coil, that is, it turns out that this current

creates a magnetic field on the coil,

creates a magnetic field on the coil,

so no, they are most trying

so no, they are most trying

to counteract this, and so this

to counteract this, and so this

very depressing process

very depressing process

occurs in the coil, we only have this

occurs in the coil, we only have this

voltage, and when

voltage, and when

the driver operates, in fact, we will use

the driver operates, in fact, we will use

this effect that is, we will

this effect that is, we will

sharply apply voltage and our table will

sharply apply voltage and our table will

rise from zero to some value of its own,

rise from zero to some value of its own,

as soon as the current reaches the

as soon as the current reaches the

maximum value we need, we

maximum value we need, we

will remove the coil voltage and after

will remove the coil voltage and after

that our current will gradually

that our current will gradually

decrease and, as a result, from such a

decrease and, as a result, from such a

pulsed supply of voltage to the coil,

pulsed supply of voltage to the coil,

that is, then the supply of that, remove this supply,

that is, then the supply of that, remove this supply,

then remove in the example the form of pushing the bullets this is the supply, the
current increases, remove the voltage, it drops again, a
then remove in the example the form of pushing the bullets this is the supply, the
current increases, remove the voltage, it drops again, a

new
new

pulse of current is applied 5 increases, removed it

pulse of current is applied 5 increases, removed it

falls again, and here we have the peak

falls again, and here we have the peak

value of the current then there is a maximum and

value of the current then there is a maximum and

minimum and average value of the current,

minimum and average value of the current,

that is, and for this nominal value

that is, and for this nominal value

which will be considered from the operating current

which will be considered from the operating current

after I explained from about the LED

after I explained from about the LED

that I need to stabilize only

that I need to stabilize only

everything correctly and how the coil works,

everything correctly and how the coil works,

something will increase and decrease

something will increase and decrease

and now we can begin to

and now we can begin to

analyze the operation of the driver itself and on the

analyze the operation of the driver itself and on the

microcircuit and so on until on the microcircuit

microcircuit and so on until on the microcircuit

these pins 5 6 and 7 here they

these pins 5 6 and 7 here they

correspond to the pin of a field-effect

correspond to the pin of a field-effect

transistor with an insulated gate 5 6

transistor with an insulated gate 5 6
and this will be the drain of the transistor and 7 this
and this will be the drain of the transistor and 7 this

will be source and to better

will be source and to better

understand, you can look at this

understand, you can look at this

picture, that is, the circuit itself remains

picture, that is, the circuit itself remains

the same, but in this place on the

the same, but in this place on the

microcircuit we have a regular field-effect

microcircuit we have a regular field-effect

transistor here we have a drain here we have a source here we

transistor here we have a drain here we have a source here we

have a gate which

have a gate which

is controlled by the microcircuit itself and when the

is controlled by the microcircuit itself and when the

microcircuit falls from the voltage on the

microcircuit falls from the voltage on the

gate, the source opens from the drain-source channel,

gate, the source opens from the drain-source channel,

but this is similar to the fact that there is

but this is similar to the fact that there is

simply a regular key, that is,

simply a regular key, that is,

a switch that either closes

a switch that either closes

or opens
or opens

to control the adjustment of the value, then

to control the adjustment of the value, then

someone who will flow through the

someone who will flow through the

LEDs uses the principle of

LEDs uses the principle of

width-width pulse regulation, that is,

width-width pulse regulation, that is,

if we need to increase the current, the

if we need to increase the current, the
opening duration of this transistor is increased,
opening duration of this transistor is increased,

but if it starts to become too much,

but if it starts to become too much,

then we reduce the

then we reduce the

opening time of this transistor, that is, we either

opening time of this transistor, that is, we either

allow more time for this

allow more time for this

current to flow through the transistor, or, on the contrary,

current to flow through the transistor, or, on the contrary,

we reduce that time and so this

we reduce that time and so this

resistor r2 is a current sensor, that

resistor r2 is a current sensor, that

is, from the bush it passes through the

is, from the bush it passes through the

LEDs through the inductor through the

LEDs through the inductor through the

drain-source channel of the transistor, and through the

drain-source channel of the transistor, and through the

resistors it goes to the minus, what current will be

resistors it goes to the minus, what current will be

on the LEDs, exactly the same current will

on the LEDs, exactly the same current will

flow through the resistor r2, the greater the

flow through the resistor r2, the greater the

current will be flow through the resistor, the

current will be flow through the resistor, the

greater the voltage drop will occur at

greater the voltage drop will occur at

the ends of this resistor so it has increased,

the ends of this resistor so it has increased,

therefore, the voltage between this and

therefore, the voltage between this and

this point has also increased, but this

this point has also increased, but this

voltage is seen and evaluated by the

voltage is seen and evaluated by the

microcircuit, and we can change the value of the operating

microcircuit, and we can change the value of the operating

current to these resistors

current to these resistors

if we increase the resistance of this

if we increase the resistance of this

resistor then our current will decrease if

resistor then our current will decrease if

we make the resistance of this resistor

we make the resistance of this resistor

smaller, our flow will increase, that is,

smaller, our flow will increase, that is,

this resistor we have and gives the amount of

this resistor we have and gives the value of the

operating current in general, we get power, we supply

operating current in general, we get power, we supply

voltage here,
voltage here,

300 24 volts are formed, the microcircuit turns on,

300 24 volts are formed, the microcircuit turns on,

opens the transistor, and well, as I

opens the transistor, and well, as I

said earlier about the inductor that when we

said earlier about the inductor that when we

sharply apply voltage to it, then

sharply apply voltage to it, then

only ours begins to gradually

only ours begins to gradually

increase, starting to 0 if our

increase, starting to 0 if our

LED strip is
LED strip is

initially designed so it is operating at 122

initially designed so it is operating at 122

milliamps, and well, as soon as this current

milliamps, and well, as soon as this current

reaches this value, through the

reaches this value, through the
inductor, the microcircuit estimates this through
inductor, the microcircuit estimates this through

this resistor and as soon as the

this resistor and as soon as the

required microcircuit has reached the maximum, it immediately

required microcircuit has reached the maximum, it immediately

closes the transistor, that is, it

closes the transistor, that is, it

breaks the circuit, after which the current

breaks the circuit, after which the current

begins to gradually decrease with the maximum,

begins to gradually decrease with the maximum,

and it is worth noting that the

and it is worth noting that the

specificity of the coil is that the

specificity of the coil is that the

current cannot sharply drop to 0, it

current cannot sharply drop to 0, it

can only also slowly decrease, and another

can only also slowly decrease, and another

important point from the operation of the coil

important point from the operation of the coil

is that after disconnecting it from

is that after disconnecting it from

the power, this is the stored energy or the

the power, this is the stored energy or the

frame of this field around it, it

frame of this field around it, it

gradually begins to release this energy, the

gradually begins to release this energy, the

current continues to move, the current will

current continues to move, the current will

move in the same direction as

move in the same direction as

initially, this is how it moved, but after

initially, this is how it moved, but after

turning off the power, that is, here

turning off the power, that is, here

we no longer have a circuit, so there is no point in

we no longer have a circuit, so there is no point in
moving somehow, then in this case
moving somehow, then in this case

the coil itself changes polarity,

the coil itself changes polarity,

that is, if when the transistor is open,

that is, if when the transistor is open,

the lux on the coil here gives in to the

the lux on the coil here gives in to the

minus and the magnetic field accumulates on the

minus and the magnetic field accumulates on the

coil, then after disconnecting it from the power supply a

coil, then after disconnecting it from the power supply a

polarity reversal occurs, that is, it will

polarity reversal occurs, that is, it will

already have a plus here and a

already have a plus here and a

minus here, and it turns out that this plus

minus here, and it turns out that this plus

will freely pass through this diode

will freely pass through this diode

and go to the plus of the LED strip and

and go to the plus of the LED strip and

also to the additional charge of this

also to the additional charge of this

capacitor, which is
capacitor, which is

smoothing and minimizes

smoothing and minimizes

various voltage surges the matter of the

various voltage surges the matter of the

cross-section of the agents themselves is more stable, that

cross-section of the agents themselves is more stable, that

is, they reduce the pulsations of light, but this

is, they reduce the pulsations of light, but this

minus that is formed on the coil

minus that is formed on the coil

immediately goes to the LED strip to its

immediately goes to the LED strip to its

cathode and at the same time this electromagnetic

cathode and at the same time this electromagnetic

field about which continues the flow of current

field about which continues the flow of current

when the transistor is turned off continues

when the transistor is turned off continues

to power the LED strip and is obtained

to power the LED strip and is obtained

when the key is open our current increases

when the key is open our current increases

and at the same time our LEDs light up

and at the same time our LEDs light up

when we close the key, which

when we close the key, which

starts to fall, but

starts to fall, but

the LEDs still continue to glow although

the LEDs still continue to glow although

their brightness gradually decreases, but

their brightness gradually decreases, but

since there is a capacitor here

since there is a capacitor here

that
that

accumulates charge on itself and these are the

accumulates charge on itself and these are the

ripples
ripples

it simply smooths out this

it simply smooths out this

current and in general the operating current is equal to

current and in general the operating current is equal to

its nominal one and

its nominal one and

keep track of everything here is the microcircuit, that is, when there is
keep track of everything here is the microcircuit, that is, when there is

not enough transistor open, the

not enough transistor open, the

inductor is pumped and the LEDs

inductor is pumped and the LEDs
light up, but as soon as the current reaches the limit, the
light up, but as soon as the current reaches the limit, the

transistor closes and the

transistor closes and the

circuit begins to reduce this operating current,

circuit begins to reduce this operating current,

since these circuits operate at

since these circuits operate at

fairly high frequencies, but

fairly high frequencies, but

relatively, of course, the network is pure 50

relatively, of course, the network is pure 50

hertz, these impulse circuits

hertz, these impulse circuits

work in the frequency range from

work in the frequency range from

50-150 hertz, that is,

50-150 hertz, that is,

the frequency is relatively high at such a frequency, they do not

the frequency is relatively high at such a frequency, they do not

notice the mimers, although they are still there

notice the mimers, although they are still there

since this part of the driver’s body

since this part of the driver’s body

works at a relatively high frequency, then

works at a relatively high frequency, then

this diode must be fast,

this diode must be fast,

that is, if we use

that is, if we use

ordinary GIA at the input, they give slow ones like 1n 4007,
ordinary GIA at the input, they give slow ones like 1n 4007,

since here the frequency is 50 hertz, then already in

since here the frequency is 50 hertz, then already in

this chain since we are dealing with

this chain since we are dealing with

kilohertz ourselves these diodes won’t fit,

kilohertz ourselves these diodes won’t fit,

they won’t work correctly, and here

they won’t work correctly, and here
you must install
you must install

diodes quickly, so take this moment into account,

diodes quickly, so take this moment into account,

since it’s clear that there’s a transistor here in this

since it’s clear that there

place, let’s go back to

is a transistor here in this place again, let’s go back to

this circuit with the microcircuit, and so

this circuit with the microcircuit, and so

we figured out this part, and this I

we figured out this part, and this I

told you about the resistor and it’s clear that they are given the
told you about the resistor and it’s clear that they are given the

current from the worker to the

current from the worker to the

LEDs in ME3 microcircuits, as from

LEDs in ME3 microcircuits, as from

this there is also an overvoltage protection pin, the

this there is also an overvoltage protection pin, the

value of which
value of which

is regulated by these resistors, and

is regulated by these resistors, and

this pin is signed as RVP, this pin

this pin is signed as RVP, this pin

on the microcircuit is the power supply for plus, well, the

on the microcircuit is the power supply for plus, well, the

first is the minus of the power supply, that is, the

first is the minus of the power supply, that is, the

nd output of the common wire screams, the output is not

nd output of the common wire screams, the output is not

used, the second output we have

used, the second output we have

overvoltage protection, if protection is not needed, then the

overvoltage protection, if protection is not needed, then the

resistor can simply be removed altogether, but

resistor can simply be removed altogether, but

now I’ll tell you briefly about this protection and

now I’ll tell you briefly about this protection and

so what is this protection from

so what is this protection from

overvoltage, the thing is that on the

overvoltage, the thing is that on the

one hand it is needed from another country and you

one hand it is needed from another country and you

can do without it here, the voltage here is

can do without it here, the voltage here is

300 24 volts between this

300 24 volts between this

point pluses and minuses of the common wire, the

point pluses and minuses of the common wire, the

LEDs are powered at a

LEDs are powered at a

lower voltage, let’s say in my case the

lower voltage, let’s say in my case the

strips are designed for seventy-

strips are designed for seventy-

eight volts since it also

eight volts since it also

stabilizes the driver with a choke and the current and

stabilizes the driver with a choke and the current and

voltage automatically drops to

voltage automatically drops to

its operating level. In this case, what

its operating level. In this case, what

most often happens is that one LED

most often happens is that one LED

burns out, in this case the color

burns out, in this case the color

breaks off and at these

breaks off and at these

connection points the screws themselves

connection points the screws themselves

begin to tend to the voltage from this

begin to tend to the voltage from this

maximum, it turns out that on this

maximum, it turns out that on this
capacitor we will already have a
capacitor we will already have a

voltage of 300 24 volts after a break,

voltage of 300 24 volts after a break,

this is what I consider to be that circuit, and in many

this is what I consider to be that circuit, and in many

cases this capacitor is designed

cases this capacitor is designed

for a voltage of, say, 250 volts and it is

for a voltage of, say, 250 volts and it is

less than that of this capacitor, that is,

less than that of this capacitor, that is,

if this fascinating end then

if this fascinating end then

stands at Our input is initially

stands at Our input is initially

designed for 400 volts, it needs 400 to

designed for 400 volts, it needs 400 to

450 where they put it and this

450 where they put it and this

voltage it holds freely, as

voltage it holds freely, as

soon as this voltage appears from

soon as this voltage appears from

this end there is a high probability that

this end there is a high probability that

it will fail, that is, it smells, the

it will fail, that is, it smells, the

question arises, why right here do not

question arises, why right here do not

put a capacitor on one with a high

put a capacitor on one with a high

voltage, most likely this is done for

voltage, most likely this is done for

economic reasons, first of all, a

economic reasons, first of all, a

capacitor with a high voltage and the

capacitor with a high voltage and the

dimensions will be larger, but the

dimensions will be larger, but the
second thing is that these capacitors will
second thing is that these capacitors will

cost more and perhaps after their

cost more and perhaps after their

calculations the manufacturer understands that

calculations the manufacturer understands that

everything will be cheaper install this kind of

everything will be cheaper install this kind of

voltage protection rather than install

voltage protection rather than install

capacitors here, which will be

capacitors here, which will be

more expensive, but this is one of the reasons

more expensive, but this is one of the reasons

to prevent this from happening at voltage,

to prevent this from happening at voltage,

here in this place with this register a

here in this place with this register a

threshold is set, let’s say you can

threshold is set, let’s say you can

hear volts there when the operating voltage

hear volts there when the operating voltage

here is seventy-eight volts and as

here is seventy-eight volts and as

soon as the LED

soon as the LED

fails, the voltage begins to increase

fails, the voltage begins to increase

and when it reaches this

and when it reaches this

protection defect, let’s say there is 150 volts, the microcircuit

protection defect, let’s say there is 150 volts, the microcircuit

immediately interrupts this contact, that

immediately interrupts this contact, that

is, the field-effect transistor closes, well

is, the field-effect transistor closes, well

here it can no longer pass to the negative potential

here it can no longer pass to the negative potential

and
and

recharge the capacitor to this

recharge the capacitor to this

critical value, so if you

critical value, so if you

put a capacitor here at a higher

put a capacitor here at a higher

voltage, that is, there is no special sense in this protection,

voltage, that is, there is no special sense in this protection,

now in general I think it’s

now in general I think it’s

clear how this circuit works, except

clear how this circuit works, except

that it’s also worth adding about the advantages of

that it’s also worth adding about the advantages of

the operation of such circuits, namely about

the operation of such circuits, namely about

the versatility of the output voltage if

the versatility of the output voltage if

we collect current in which is important for

we collect the current in which is important for

the operation of LEDs, the voltage can

the operation of LEDs, the voltage can

change over a wide range, that is,

change over a wide range, that is,

leaving the same operating current, we

leaving the same operating current, we

can add some LEDs here,

can add some LEDs here

or, on the contrary, reduce them, let’s put here, let’s say there are
or, on the contrary, reduce them, let’s put here, let’s say there are

only a few
only a few

LEDs, there are about five of them so that there is a

LEDs, there are about five of them so that there is a

small brightness and at this driver

small brightness and at this driver

will work normally for us, or

will work normally for us, or
without changing anything in this circuit, we always
without changing anything in this circuit, we always

simply add LEDs one after

simply add LEDs one after

another, increasing to the required value,

another, increasing to the required value,

as long as the total supply voltage of the

as long as the total supply voltage of the

LEDs does not exceed this

LEDs does not exceed this

maximum supply voltage, and as with a

maximum supply voltage, and as with a

small number of LEDs, so with a

small number of LEDs, so with a

large with the number of LEDs, the circuit

large with the number of LEDs, the circuit

will work equally well, and

will work equally well, and

this is the great advantage of such circuits,

this is the great advantage of such circuits,

and when using such an

and when using such an

LED light bulb driver, this allows you

LED light bulb driver, this allows you

to do the following: if we have one

to do the following: if we have one

LED that burns out into light bulbs, we just

LED that burns out into light bulbs, we just

pick it out, put a

pick it out, put a

jumper in its place, and the repair is completed, turn on the light
jumper in its place, and the repair is completed, turn on the light

bulb again it
bulb again it

works normally, although the brightness of the skin release is slightly lower,
works normally, although the brightness of the skin release is slightly lower,

one LED is missing on

one LED is missing on

the operation of the driver itself, this will not particularly affect the operation
of the driver itself,
the operation of the driver itself, this will not particularly affect the operation
of the driver itself,

but here it is only worth

but here it is only worth

considering that these various

considering that these various

microcircuits for such drivers have

microcircuits for such drivers have

their own minimum level of this

their own minimum level of this

output voltage, which is acceptable and

output voltage, which is acceptable and

for this particular microcircuit from with a letter

for this particular microcircuit from with a letter

index and this voltage is equal to 20 volts,

index and this voltage is equal to 20 volts,

that is, the operating voltage for

that is, the operating voltage for

LEDs and on this the microcircuit can

LEDs and on this the microcircuit can

provide from 20 volts to a maximum of

provide from 20 volts to a maximum of

this value, if we connect

this value, if we connect

too few LEDs

too few LEDs

that will be powered by a voltage of

that will be powered by a voltage of

less than 20 mult, then most likely this

less than 20 mult, then most likely this

microcircuit will no longer work

microcircuit will no longer work

correctly and will not be able to provide the required

correctly and will not be able to provide the required

minimum voltage, less than 20 will be,

minimum voltage, less than 20 will be,

although from a microcircuit with a lower threshold,

although from a microcircuit with a lower threshold,

let’s say from 10 volts, but this initially

let’s say from 10 volts, but this initially
needs to be looked at in the datasheets, well, since
needs to be looked at in the datasheets, well, since

I talked about the circuit itself about its operation, I

I talked about the circuit itself about its operation, I

would like to add a few more words

would like to add a few more words

According to the datasheet, what's what and what

According to the datasheet, what's what and what

parameters you need to pay attention to, so

parameters you need to pay attention to, so

let's say you have an

let's say you have an

LED driver and before

LED driver and before

repairing or modifying it, it

repairing or modifying it, it

is advisable to find a datasheet for it on the Internet, that is, a

is advisable to find a datasheet for it on the Internet, that is, a

specification and look at the main

specification and look at the main

characteristics so that when modifying you do not

characteristics so that when modifying you do not

go beyond the boundaries and thereby not

go beyond the boundaries and thereby not

disrupt the normal operation of your

disrupt the normal operation of your

microcircuits, and so let’s briefly

microcircuits, and so let’s briefly

go through the datasheet and on this

go through the datasheet and on this

microcircuit I used at the very

microcircuit I used at the very

beginning, it says that the input

beginning, it says that the input

supply voltage can be from 85 to

supply voltage can be from 85 to

265 volts, well, for my microcircuits it is almost

265 volts, well, for my microcircuits it is almost
the same range, this further is that a
the same range, this further is that a

field-effect transistor can withstand

field-effect transistor can withstand

voltages of up to 500 volts between source and drain,

voltages of up to 500 volts between source and drain,

that is, it can be considered

that is, it can be considered

high-voltage, the output

high-voltage, the output

current error is plus or minus five percent, which

current error is plus or minus five percent, which

is considered a fairly good indicator

is considered a fairly good indicator

in datasheets, as a rule, the

in datasheets, as a rule, the

connection diagram of this microcircuit itself is indicated, as

connection diagram of this microcircuit itself is indicated, as

you can see, it coincides with what I just

you can see, it coincides with what I just

looked at it in my drawing, it
looked at it in my drawing, it

also shows where the pins on the

also shows where the pins on the

microcircuit are for their purposes, then the

microcircuit are for their purposes, then the

range of supply voltages of the

range of supply voltages of the

microcircuit is indicated here, that is, it is 500 volts and up to

microcircuit is indicated here, that is, it is 500 volts and up to

500 volts, as I just said, it

500 volts, as I just said, it

can withstand the field-effect transistor

can withstand the field-effect transistor

inside this microcircuit threshold

inside this microcircuit threshold

operating voltage
operating voltage

in current and overvoltage protection, this is

in current and overvoltage protection, this is
0 3 volts, that is, from 0 to 0 3
0 3 volts, that is, from 0 to 0 3

volts, more precisely, a little less than 0 3 volts,

volts, more precisely, a little less than 0 3 volts,

since at this voltage the

since at this voltage the

microcircuit for the

microcircuit for the

current protection unit is already triggered, opening this

current protection unit is already triggered, opening this

action to the field and the current flows through the

action to the field and the current flows through the

coil through the LEDs, but as soon as the

coil through the LEDs, but as soon as the

voltage on the resistor from the current sensor r2 exceeds 0 3 volts, well,
voltage on the resistor from the current sensor r2 exceeds 0 3 volts, well,

0 3 to 8 volts is the limit, then this

0 3 to 8 volts is the limit, then this

is a command so that this is not the sister

is a command so that this is not the sister

is closed, that is, the current is already above

is closed, that is, the current is already above

critical, but the microcircuit thereby

critical, but the microcircuit thereby

begins to reduce the current by LEDs, you have

begins to reduce the current by LEDs, you have

such a response limit on the output of the

such a response limit on the output of the

overvoltage protection on the microcircuit,

overvoltage protection on the microcircuit,

here the maximum current for the

here the maximum current for the

field-effect transistor is indicated, more precisely for and

field-effect transistor is indicated, more precisely for and

east, I have a microcircuit with the letter a at the

east, I have a microcircuit with the letter a at the

end and for this microcircuit this is the

end and for this microcircuit this is the
maximum current this is the half of the pen, although for
maximum current this is the half of the pen, although for

other microcircuits this is currents like ours we see

other microcircuits this is currents like ours we see

more maximum
more maximum

power dissipation by the field-effect transistor of this

power dissipation by the field-effect transistor of this

microcircuit, but the temperature is also indicated, it is also

microcircuit, but the temperature is also indicated, it is also

important to pay attention to this plate,

important to pay attention to this plate,

namely the rated current for LEDs,

namely the rated current for LEDs,

my working microcircuit with the letter a, the

my working microcircuit with the letter a, the

rated current is more than 160

rated current is more than 160

milliamps, the maximum current that

milliamps, the maximum current that

this microcircuit for LEDs can provide

this microcircuit for LEDs can provide

is 240 milliampere, but

is 240 milliampere, but

again this is for a microcircuit with the letter a, and

again this is for a microcircuit with the letter a, and

as I mentioned earlier, there is a

as I mentioned earlier, there is a

minimum voltage threshold for

minimum voltage threshold for

LEDs and personally for my

LEDs and personally for my

microcircuits it is from 20 volts, that is, this

microcircuits it is from 20 volts, that is, this

microcircuit can power a chain of

microcircuit can power a chain of

LEDs with a total voltage of at least

LEDs with a total voltage of at least

20 volts and normal working can be

20 volts and normal working can be
from 20 volts to the maximum
from 20 volts to the maximum

supply voltage of the circuit itself, well, let’s say for

supply voltage of the circuit itself, well, let’s say for

other letter indices of this

other letter indices of this

microcircuit the threshold is even lower than 15 volts,

microcircuit the threshold is even lower than 15 volts,

but here the less significant

but here the less significant

characteristics are the range of maximum and

minimum time

spent in the open and closed

state of the field-effect transistor who is

interested in the internal structure of the

microcircuit and nodes, and there are also

formulas for calculating these resistors

for current and overvoltage protection

using these formulas, you can calculate all this

so I understand this
principle of operation for such simple

drivers that are very often installed in

ordinary LED light bulbs, knowing and

understanding this work of these circuits and

nuances will make it easier to repair and

modify them, and so on, but that’s it for

everyone who liked the video, please

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we are waiting for new videos, all the best bye

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