TOURISM AREA DEVELOPMENT PLANNING USING SWOT

ANALYSIS IN MEDAN LABUHAN DISTRICT AS A NATURAL

RESERVE AREA AND CULTURAL HERITAGE
Feby Milanie1, Dimas Setiawan2, Febby Khafilwara3, Syafri Benta4,
Ardiles Hasianta5, Gusti Elcitra Limbong6
1,2,3,4,5
Universitas Pembangunan Pancabudi Medan
Corresponding E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
Tourism is a potential source of local income, and can enhance a city's identity. Tourism in an area
is of good value, it will also accelerate the development of that area. This acceleration can be
achieved when the level of visits to the area increases and will ultimately increase economic
activity. In order to maximize making a city a tourist destination, the city government must be able
to recognize the physical and non-physical potential of the city. This potential can be maximized so
that a city can become a tourist destination with its own characteristics, whether it is natural
tourism, historical tourism or cultural tourism. According to the Medan City RTRW for 2010-2030,
it is stated that the old city center area of Medan Labuhan District is a Nature Reserve and Cultural
Heritage Area. Therefore, this study focuses on the concept of tourism in Medan Labuhan District.
This study uses a subjective method with an inventory approach and identification of potential and
related problems, analysis and ultimately providing strategic recommendations and regional
planning plans.

Keywords: SWOT Analysis, Tourism Development, Preservation, Medan Labuhan District

1. INTRODUCTION
In a city, the role of the tourism sector is very important when it is related to the
development of the city, so that it is a strategic factor and has the potential to make a significant
contribution both from an economic and other non-economic perspective. The city of Medan is one
of the largest cities in Indonesia and is also one of the main tourist destinations nationally, for the
following reasons (Ginting: 2003) Medan is a city where human density is very high, resulting in a
high tendency to visit friends or family, Medan is the central point of tourist transportation modes,
Medan is a place where trade, financial, industrial activities are concentrated, both on a local and
international scale, so that it functions as a center for people to gather for conferences,
performances, business trips, and so on, Medan is a multiethnic city, a collection of various
traditions and cultures. The tourism concept of Medan City must be adapted to the potential and
characteristics of Medan City. One of the potentials of the city of Medan is the many historical
building sites found in the city of Medan. In a city, history influences the development of the city.
The city of Medan, which historically was controlled by the Dutch, had city planning that
was regulated in accordance with the concept of the Dutch East Indies Government, and the
development of Medan City moved from the core of the city planning of the Dutch East Indies
Government. Apart from the history of colonial rule, the city of Medan, which is a multi-ethnic
city, also has a history of the existence of ethnicities which is one of the keys to the socio-cultural
development of the city of Medan.This historic building is a state asset from an economic, social
and cultural perspective. The historical origins of the formation of Medan City were heavily
influenced by the interests of the Dutch colonial government. Therefore, many of Medan City's
historic buildings are colonial relics. However, it is also important to remember that apart from the
Dutch colonial government, the city of Medan also has a local ethnic history that influenced the
development of the city of Medan. Based on the 2010-2030 Medan City RTRW, it also declares the
old city center area of Medan Labuhan District as a Nature Reserve and Cultural Heritage Area.
Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the potential and produce strategies and plans for
developing tourist areas in Medan Labuhan District. This plan is expected to increase the tourism
potential of Medan City and have an influence on the development of the North Medan area.

International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET) 1038
E-ISSN: 2827-766X | WWW.IJSET.ORG
 Volumes 3 No. 6 (2024)

TOURISM AREA DEVELOPMENT PLANNING USING SWOT ANALYSIS IN MEDAN LABUHAN

DISTRICT AS A NATURAL RESERVE AREA AND CULTURAL HERITAGE

Feby Milanie1, Dimas Setiawan2, Febby Khafilwara3, Syafri Benta4, Ardiles Hasianta5, Gusti Elcitra
Limbong6

2. IMPLEMENTATION METHOD
The methodology used uses a subjective method with an approach to things, namely by
inventorying and identifying potential and problems related to social development of population,
physical buildings and physical environment, then analyzing the problem of decreasing the
physical quality of the environment and the visual quality of the area, analyzing the function -what
activity functions can attract tourists to the area and ultimately will provide recommendations for
strategies and plans for structuring the study area. In addition, SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities, and Threats) data analysis is used to find solutions to problems that have arisen in
this research.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The study location is in Medan Labuhan District, Medan Municipality. Medan Labuhan
District is one of 21 sub-districts in Medan City which is located in the northern part of the city.
The boundaries of Medan Labuhan District are as follows: To the west it borders Medan Marelan
District. To the east it borders Deli Serdang Regency. To the south it borders Medan Deli District
and Deli Serdang Regency to the north it borders Medan Belawan District. Medan Labuhan District
has an area of 36.67 km2. Medan Labuhan District is an area close to the coastal area (adjacent to
Belawan and the Deli Serdang coast), with a population of 89,245 people and a density level of
3,032. Judging from the historical aspect of Labuhan, in general, in the city of Medan there are 3
old city areas, namely Labuhan, Gemeente and Sultangrond. Labuhan is thought to have been the
capital of the Deli Kingdom since the second half of the 17th century, based on E. Netscher's
records, as a village on the river bank. In 1864 the population of Labuhan numbered 1000 people,
including 20 Chinese and 100 people (of Indian descent). These Chinese were a group of free
traders originating from the Peninsula. Meanwhile, these Indian people are likely Malays of Indian
descent or Malays who wear Indian textile products. As the capital and one of the leading trade
centers before colonialism, the morphology of the city, the number and composition of the
population of Labuhan continues to change and grow significantly. The growth of the tobacco
industry was the biggest driving force that changed the size, population composition and
morphology of this city.
Initially, people's houses in Labuhan and including the Sultan's Palace were buildings on
stilts made of wood. However, since 1864, permanent buildings began to be built driven by
Chinese residents. Chinese residents who were the driving force of economic activity began to
rebuild their houses and shops permanently and lined them up on the left and right sides of the
main road. The characteristic of Malay cities which generally grow along river channels is not
visible, because these permanent buildings follow the main road, and are built with their backs to
the river. In 1876, the authority to collect excise tax in Labuhan was transferred to the colonial
government. This transfer coupled with the transfer of the capital Deli to Medan City became the
starting point for Labuhan's decline as a trade center. This decline is further exacerbated by the
widespread practice of gambling, prostitution and opium shops on the roadside along Labuhan-
Belawan. In this area there are 4 buildings, either single or in groups, which mark the center of
activity in the area. The four buildings are the Al Osmani Mosque and the Deli Royal Tomb
Complex; Tri Dharma Temple, Labuhan Train Station and Shopping Area. The historical aspects of
the four buildings will be discussed as follows:
a. The Al Osmani Mosque and the Diraja Deli Tomb Complex. The Al Osmani Grand Mosque
and the Diraja Deli tomb complex are landmarks of Medan Labuhan District, together with
the Tri Dharma Temple.
This mosque was a building from the time of Sultan Deli VII Osman Perkasa Alam
(1824-1854), Sultan Mahmud's father. Sultan Osman Perkasa Alam himself, who died in
1858, was buried in the backyard of the mosque. The Al Osmani Mosque originally
measured 16 x 16 meters with the main material being wood. It is in this mosque that the

International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET)
1039 E-ISSN: 2827-766X | WWW.IJSET.ORG
 sultan performs prayers and carries out the message of Islam. In 1870 restoration was carried
out by Sultan Deli VIII Mahmud Al Rasyid led by German architect, GD Langereis. In this
restoration, the size of the mosque was expanded to 26 x 26 meters and replaced with
permanent materials originating from Europe and Persia. This restoration was completed in
1872. The next restoration was carried out in 1927 which was initiated by Deli Maatschappij,
a joint venture between the Deli Sultanate and the Netherlands. Then in 1964 restoration was
also carried out by T. Burhanuddin, Main Director of PT Tembakau Deli II. The next
restorations occurred in 1977 and 1992, respectively carried out by the Mayor of Medan HM
Saleh Arifin and Bachtiar Djafar. This mosque has one large dome in the center and four
minarets with a square dome base. Outside the mihrab, there are two towers with sharp
domes whose bases are octagonal, in each tower there is an entrance to a narrow space which
may have been a place for the bilal to make the call to prayer. The Al Osmani Grand Mosque
is part of the Kampung Bahari Palace, but the palace building no longer exists since
Indonesia's independence. The location of the palace, which is located directly opposite the
mosque, is now occupied by a private school building.

Figure 1. Al Osmani Grand Mosque

b. Tri Dharma Temple

Tri Dharma Temple is said to be the oldest building in Labuhan. According to local
residents, this temple was founded by the Fujian community who built a settlement in
Labuhan. The exact year this temple was founded is not known, but the granting of
permission to build this temple shows permission to stay, even temporarily, and was given
authority by the Sultan of Deli to trade in Labuhan. The management of this temple still
maintains its form as before and is well maintained.

Figure 2. Tri Dharma Temple

c. Shop Area
Old style Chinese shop buildings with thick walls, tile roofs, attics supported by brick
pillars, marble decorated corbles, curved garlands connecting the terraces between the
International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET) 1040
E-ISSN: 2827-766X | WWW.IJSET.ORG
 Volumes 3 No. 6 (2024)

TOURISM AREA DEVELOPMENT PLANNING USING SWOT ANALYSIS IN MEDAN LABUHAN

DISTRICT AS A NATURAL RESERVE AREA AND CULTURAL HERITAGE

Feby Milanie1, Dimas Setiawan2, Febby Khafilwara3, Syafri Benta4, Ardiles Hasianta5, Gusti Elcitra
Limbong6
buildings and forming a long corridor following the rows of shops are still visible. The shape
of the original building is still visible even though a number of buildings have been replaced
with new buildings. Labuhan residents still maintain the old construction even though the
buildings are neglected.

Figure 3. Shop Area

d. Labuhan Railway Station

Labuhan Railway Station was inaugurated on February 16 1888 and was one of the
stations established by Deli Spoorweg Maatschappi (a Dutch-owned railway company) as a
station to support the transportation of plantation products which were also owned by the
Dutch. Labuhan Railway Station is a supporter of Labuhan Port which used to be a center for
trade, transportation and loading and unloading of plantation goods in Eastern Sumatra. At
that time, the Labuhan Railway Station was also used to transport passengers, but with the
increase in road transportation and passenger occupancy levels, now the Belawan-Labuhan
Medan railway line is only used for freight trains carrying CPO (Crude Palm Oil), PKO
(Palm Kernel Oil), rubber latex (latex), fuel and fertilizer.

Figure 4. Labuhan Railway Station

The aim of this research is to increase the potential of tourist attractions in the northern
Medan area, especially in Medan Labuhan District, through economic sectors. The method for
analyzing is the SWOT method (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats), which
includes identifying potential/strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats/constraints. At the
start of the analysis, problems, weaknesses and strengths, both inside and outside the city of
Medan, were collected and categorized. In this study, an analysis of the potential and prospects will
be carried out in Medan Labuhan District, namely:

International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET)
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 1. Analysis, Potential and Strategy
Development of Land Use In Medan Labuhan subdistrict, currently Medan Labuhan
subdistrict is a subdistrict dominated by residential areas and industry. This sub-district is
less developed compared to other sub-districts which are located close to the center of
Medan City. Based on the data collected regarding socio-economic conditions and public
facilities in this sub-district, it can be seen that the majority of the population in this sub-
district is from the middle to lower economic groups. This can be seen from the absence of
facilities that are usually used by residents of the middle and upper economic groups in this
sub-district, such as malls, hotels, cinemas and foreign exchange. This does not indicate that
the residents of Medan Labuhan District are incapable, but rather that there is no economic
activity that requires these facilities. However, many residents carry out economic activities
on a household scale, where from data on industrial companies, home industries are twice as
many as small industries. Educational facilities in this area are also limited to primary and
secondary level education, while upper level education facilities (SMA) and higher
education facilities (universities and/or high schools) are not available in this area. Some
problems regarding land use in this area are:
a) The irregularity of the settlements makes this area a bit slum. The combination of
residential areas with medium and large industries in this sub-district.
b) The combination of residential areas with medium and large industries in this sub-district.
c) Jalan Yos Sudarso is a traffic road to Belawan, causing many large cars to pass along this
road.
2. Analysis & Strategy for Development of Tourism Potential in Medan Labuhan District
This analysis was carried out to identify and determine tourism potential in Medan
Labuhan District. The table below shows alternative potential tourist attractions and their
availability in Medan Labuhan District.

Table 1. Analysis of the Tourism Potential of Medan Labuhan District

International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET) 1042
E-ISSN: 2827-766X | WWW.IJSET.ORG
 Volumes 3 No. 6 (2024)

TOURISM AREA DEVELOPMENT PLANNING USING SWOT ANALYSIS IN MEDAN LABUHAN

DISTRICT AS A NATURAL RESERVE AREA AND CULTURAL HERITAGE

Feby Milanie1, Dimas Setiawan2, Febby Khafilwara3, Syafri Benta4, Ardiles Hasianta5, Gusti Elcitra
Limbong6

Based on the analysis above, and if it is linked to the 2010-2013 Medan City regional
spatial plan, the tourism potential of Medan Labuhan District lies in the former city center of
the Deli Sultanate, namely tourism related to history. In the former city center of the Deli
Sultanate, there is the Al Osmani Mosque, Tri Dharma Temple, Kreta Api Station and the
old shopping area, each of which has its advantages.
3. Analysis and Strategy for Preserving Historic Buildings
historical buildings that require preservation measures in relation to being part of a
tourist area. This analysis looks at the three buildings from the parameters: physical
condition, activity and management as seen in the following table.

Table 2. Analysis of the Preservation of Historical Buildings in Medan Labuhan District

From the SWOT matrix above there are (8) eight effective strategies including two strategies
in SO, namely optimizing the use of infrastructure and increasing available potential such as
natural resources and developing leading sectors. The WO strategy includes optimizing leading
sectors by expanding employment opportunities with private partnerships and optimizing public
services, facilities and infrastructure, collaborating with the private sector. ST's strategy includes
the provision and optimal use of facilities and infrastructure to overcome natural disasters and the
provision of a conducive and cooperative business climate to compete globally. The final strategy
from the WT perspective includes increasing improvements to facilities and infrastructure to ensure
they are adequate as well as counseling on improving the quality of Human Resources so they are
able to compete globally.

4. CONCLUSION
Medan Labuhan District is one of the priority districts for tourism development in its natural
and cultural reserves in accordance with the 2010 - 2030 RTRW. Therefore, in its development, a
study is needed to identify and analyze regional potential, one of which is reviving existing old
buildings by carrying out restoration and also carry out regional development. In the development
plan for the Medan Labuhan District area, there are 3 important points that are used as activity
generators for area development, namely the Al Osmani Mosque, the Tri Dharma Temple and the
shopping corridor in the old building. Reviving the historical potential of buildings by providing
identity through additional activity functions. This development also takes into account the Medan
City government's plans for the Medan Labuhan District.
International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET)
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