CITY COLLEGE OF CALAMBA

MMW 101

in the
modern world
CITY COLLEGE OF CALAMBA
MEASURES OF
VARIATION

3
RANGE, VARIANCE AND
STANDARD DEVIATION
OF UNGROUPED DATA

4
 RANGE
▪ It is considered the simplest measure of

variation.

▪ It is the difference between the highest

and the lowest value in the distribution.

𝑹=𝑯−𝑳
where:
𝐻 = represents the highest value
𝐿 = represents the lowest value
EXAMPLE:
Consider the following values. 21, 10, 36, 42, 39, 52, 30, 25, 26
Compute the value of the range.
𝑅 = 𝐻 − 𝐿 = 52 − 10 = 𝟒𝟐 6
 VARIANCE
▪ The average of the squared differences

from the mean.

▪ It is also known as the “mean squared

deviation”.
7
VARIANCE FOR UNGROUPED DATA

σ ഥ 𝟐
𝟐
𝒙 − 𝒙
𝒔 =
𝒏
where:
𝑥 = represents the individual values
𝑥ҧ = mean of the distribution
𝑛 = sample size
8
EXAMPLE
Consider the following values.
13, 16, 9, 6, 15, 7, 11
Compute the value of the variance.

9
ANSWER
𝒙 ഥ
𝒙−𝒙 ഥ) 𝟐
(𝒙 − 𝒙
σ(𝒙 − ഥ
𝒙 ) 𝟐
σ𝑥 6 −5 25 𝟐
𝒔 =
𝑥ҧ = 𝑛
𝑛 7 −4 16
9 −2 4 90
𝒔 𝟐 =
77 11 0 0 7
𝑥ҧ =
7 13 2 4
𝒔 𝟐 = 12.8571
15 4 16
ഥ = 𝟏𝟏
𝒙 16 5 25 𝒔 𝟐
= 𝟏𝟐. 𝟖𝟔
ഥ)𝟐 = 𝟗𝟎
෍(𝒙 − 𝒙

10
EXAMPLE
Consider the following values.
13, 16, 9, 6, 15, 7, 11
Compute the value of the variance.

11
VARIANCE FOR UNGROUPED DATA

𝟐 𝟐
𝟐
σ 𝒙 σ 𝒙
𝒔 = −
𝒏 𝒏
where:
𝑥 = represents the individual values
𝑛 = sample size
12
ANSWER
𝒙 𝟐
𝒙 2 2
2
σ 𝑥 σ 𝑥
6 36 𝑠 = −
𝑛 𝑛
7 49
9 81
2
11 121 2
937 77
𝑠 = −
13 169 7 7
15 225 2
𝑠 = 133.8571 − 121
16 256
෍ 𝒙 = 𝟕𝟕 ෍ 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟗𝟑𝟕
𝑠 2 = 12.8571
𝟐
𝒔 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟖𝟔 13
 STANDARD DEVIATION FOR
UNGROUPED DATA

σ 𝒙−𝒙ഥ 𝟐
𝒔=
𝒏

where:
𝑥 = represents the individual values
𝑥ҧ = mean of the distribution
𝑛 = sample size 14
 STANDARD DEVIATION FOR
UNGROUPED DATA

𝟐
σ 𝒙𝟐 σ𝒙
𝒔= −
𝒏 𝒏

where:
𝑥 = represents the individual values
𝑛 = sample size
15
STANDARD DEVIATION FOR
UNGROUPED DATA

𝒔 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟖𝟔 = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟗

16
RANGE, VARIANCE AND
STANDARD DEVIATION
OF GROUPED DATA

17
 RANGE FOR GROUPED DATA

𝑹=𝑯−𝑳
where:
𝐻 = represents the highest upper class boundary
𝐿 = represents the lowest lower class boundary

18
EXAMPLE
Compute the value of the range of the examination scores of the
students in a Statistics class. 𝑺𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒇
11 − 22 3
𝑅 =𝐻−𝐿 23 − 34 5
𝑅 = 94.5 − 10.5 35 − 46 11
47 − 58 19
𝑹 = 𝟖𝟒 59 − 70 14
71 − 82 6
83 − 94 2 19
 VARIANCE FOR GROUPED DATA

σ ഥ 𝟐
𝟐
𝒇 𝒙 − 𝒙
𝒔 =
𝒏
where:
𝑓 = represents the frequency of each class
𝑥 = midpoint of each class
𝑥ҧ = mean of the distribution
𝑛 = sample size 20
EXAMPLE
Compute the value of the variance of the examination scores of the
students in a Statistics class.
𝑺𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒇
11 − 22 3
23 − 34 5
35 − 46 11
47 − 58 19
59 − 70 14
71 − 82 6
83 − 94 2
21
ANSWER
𝑺𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒇 𝒙 𝒇𝒙 ഥ 𝟐 ഥ 𝟐
𝒙−𝒙 𝒇 𝒙−𝒙
11 − 22 3 16.5 49.5 1,324.96 3,974.88
23 − 34 5 28.5 142.5 595.36 2,976.80
35 − 46 11 40.5 445.5 153.76 1,691.36
47 − 58 19 52.5 997.5 0.16 3.04
59 − 70 14 64.5 903.0 134.56 1,883.84
71 − 82 6 76.5 459.0 556.96 3,341.76
83 − 94 2 88.5 177.0 1,267.36 2,534.72
𝒏 = 𝟔𝟎 ෍ 𝒇𝒙 = 𝟑, 𝟏𝟕𝟒 ഥ
෍𝒇 𝒙 − 𝒙 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔, 𝟒𝟎𝟔. 𝟒𝟎

22
ANSWER
σ 𝑓𝑥 σ 𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 2
𝑥ҧ = 2
𝑠 =
𝑛 𝑛
3,174 16,406.40
𝑥ҧ = 2
𝑠 =
60 60
ഥ = 𝟓𝟐. 𝟗𝟎
𝒙 𝟐
𝒔 = 𝟐𝟕𝟑. 𝟒𝟒
23
 VARIANCE FOR GROUPED DATA
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐
σ 𝒇𝒅 σ 𝒇𝒅 𝟐
𝒔 = − 𝒄
𝒏 𝒏

where:
𝑓 = represents the frequency of each class
𝑑 = unit deviation
𝑐 = size of class interval
𝑛 = sample size 24
EXAMPLE
Compute the value of the variance of the examination scores of the
students in a Statistics class.
𝑺𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒇
11 − 22 3
23 − 34 5
35 − 46 11
47 − 58 19
59 − 70 14
71 − 82 6
83 − 94 2
25
ANSWER
𝑺𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒇 𝒅 𝒇𝒅 𝟐 𝟐
𝒅 𝒇𝒅
11 − 22 3 −3 −9 9 27
23 − 34 5 −2 −10 4 20
35 − 46 11 −1 −11 1 11
47 − 58 19 0 0 0 0
59 − 70 14 1 14 1 14
71 − 82 6 2 12 4 24
83 − 94 2 3 6 9 18
𝒏 = 𝟔𝟎 ෍ 𝒇𝒅 = 𝟐 ෍ 𝒇𝒅𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟒

26
ANSWER
2 2
σ 𝑓𝑑 σ 𝑓𝑑
𝑠2 = − 𝑐2
𝑛 𝑛

2
2
114 2 2
𝑠 = − 12
60 60
𝑠 2 = 1.9 − 0.0333 2
144
𝑠 2 = 1.9 − 0.0011 144
𝑠 2 = 1.8989 144
𝒔𝟐 = 𝟐𝟕𝟑. 𝟒𝟒 27
 STANDARD DEVIATION FOR
GROUPED DATA

σ𝒇 𝒙 − 𝒙
ഥ 𝟐
𝒔=
𝒏

where:
𝑓 = represents the frequency of each class
𝑥 = midpoint of each class
𝑥ҧ = mean of the distribution
𝑛 = sample size 28
 STANDARD DEVIATION FOR
GROUPED DATA
𝟐
σ 𝒇𝒅𝟐 σ 𝒇𝒅 𝟐
𝒔= − 𝒄
𝒏 𝒏

where:
𝑓 = represents the frequency of each class
𝑑 = unit deviation
𝑐 = size of class interval
𝑛 = sample size 29
STANDARD DEVIATION FOR
GROUPED DATA

𝒔 = 𝟐𝟕𝟑. 𝟒𝟒 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟓𝟒

30
31