SENIOR FIVE ICT MARKING GUIDE FOR END OF TERM 1, 2014 EXAMS

BUKOYO SECONDARY SCHOOL

SENIOR FIVE END OF TERM I 2014 EXAMINATIONS

TIME: 2HRS

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Answer all questions in this paper.
2. Good handwritings should be used in order not to loose marks.

1. a) Define the ICT.

Answer
Stands for information communication technology. ICT/IT relates to all means,
which facilitates information or data capture, processing, storage, and
communication or output.
= 01 Mrk.
b) Explain the difference between data and information.
Answer
Data: Refer to basic/raw facts and figures and other signals entered into
computer for processing.
 Data is raw. It simply exists and has no significance beyond its existence (in
and of itself). It can exist in any form, usable or not. It does not have
meaning of itself. In computer parlance, a spreadsheet generally starts
out by holding data.
Mark awarded= 02 mrks.

Information: This refers to processed data i.e. data that is already arranged/
organized and converted into a more useful/meaningful form.
 Information is data that has been given meaning by way of relational
connection. This "meaning" can be useful, but does not have to be. In
computer parlance, a relational database makes information from the
data stored within it.

= 02 Mrk @ for each.

Total max=05 mrks.

2. a) Define a computer a computer system.

Answer
A computer system is a set of inter-related components or computer devices
/elements set and working together to perform a given task.
= 02 Mrks.

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SENIOR FIVE ICT MARKING GUIDE FOR END OF TERM 1, 2014 EXAMS

b) Mention and explain five components of a computer system.

Answer
The logical units of computer system
◦ Input unit: includes: external devices such as keyboards, mice, disks,
scanner etc and networks that provide enter data to the CPU for
processing.
◦ Output unit: external devices display units such as printer, monitor, audio
speakers etc disks, and networks that receive data from the processor.
◦ Memory unit: holds instructions and most of the data for currently
executing programs. All forms that retain input and processed information.
Includes RAM and ROM.
◦ Central processing unit (CPU): Supervises operation of other devices.
Consists of:
 Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU): Performs calculations
 Control Unit - responsible for the execution of the program
 Registers: Registers are storage locations inside the processor.
Registers are used to keep track of the overall status of the running
program. They keep current instructions and the operands of the
instruction.
◦ Data path - manipulates the data coming through the processor. It also
provides a small amount of temporary data storage.
 Secondary storage unit such as Hard Disks/ drives/, floppy Disks/ drives
 System Bus: The wired path thru which digital data signals travel
throughout the computer system components.
= 01 Mrk @ for any three above.
Max mark = 03

3. Explain how computers transform data into information (processing cycle

steps).
 Input signals are sent to the CPU
 Signals are sent to memory (RAM) and held there as processing begins
or takes place in CPU.
 Processing work or results are stored on RAM again
 Results are output thr visual display units units such as printer, monitor,
audio speakers.
 Processed data [Information] is stored in storage media for future use.

4. Explain two ways how ICTs are used in the following areas.
 Health
 Health: ITs are now being used for;
 Medical tests for instance blood, cancer, Brain damage etc
 Carrying out sensitive operations on sensitive body parts like the brain,
heart, kidney, etc.
 Research on medicines on internet
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SENIOR FIVE ICT MARKING GUIDE FOR END OF TERM 1, 2014 EXAMS
 Automated & computer aided surgeries
 Scanning operations
 Drug mixing and prescriptions.
 Use computer-controlled devices during operations that require great
precision (e.g., laser eye surgery and heart surgery).
 Implant computerized devices (e.g., pacemakers) that allow patients
to live longer. Telemedicine through computers with
videoconferencing capabilities.
 Use of computer-aided surgery for training prior to performing surgery
on live humans.
 Homes
 Used for entertainment and leisure activities.
 Instant communication systems thr email and Short Messaging Service
[SMS].
 Breaking News. Why buy a newspaper when you can read it on the
Internet, just type in the website address.
 It is also possible to play on-line games and compete with strangers.
 Chat Sessions. You can talk to someone abroad instantly by typing
and sending messages on Social sites like facebook, twitter etc

 Industry
 Computers use for industry specifically:
 Computer aided design in manufacturing firms.
 Computer aided manufacture through robotics. A robot is a computer
controlled device that can move and react to feedback from the
outside world.
 Data sensing and logging i.e. for management of temperatures in
certain manufacturing areas
 Clocking for employee man-hours through card reading computer
systems.
 Accident arresting through smoke, fire, poisonous gasses emissions
detecting computer installations.
 Robotics - A robot is a computer-controlled device that can move
and react to feedback from the outside world. Robots are best used
for jobs that require repetitive tasks
 Lifting heavy equipment
 High degrees of precision
 Quality control
 Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing
 Security purposes to monitor activities of antisocial groups.

 Business
 Online business activities include:
a. On-line Shopping opportunities. You can buy whilst at home.
b. Shop for services.

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SENIOR FIVE ICT MARKING GUIDE FOR END OF TERM 1, 2014 EXAMS
 Online shopping and banking are two popular types of e-commerce
that uses either electronic money (e-money) or electric data
interchange (EDI).
 E-money is a means of paying for goods and services over the Internet.
 EDI is a set of standards that control the transfer of business data and
information among computers both within and among companies.
 Document production and processing.
 Data storage.
 Data and information communication amongst departments and
outsiders using E-mail and chat rooms.
 Decision making and planning through decision support systems and
management information systems.
 Financial management through financial management
systems/programs.
 Stock and inventory management.
 Security management for business and manufacturing installations
through computer guided cameras.
 Quality assurance and control.
 Selling and buying of goods and services through networked
computers (online buying and selling of products).
 Etc

5. Explain how computer use may be harmful to society

a. Computer related crime e.g. forgeries, computer based illegal funds
transfers, etc
b. Moral degeneration through morally dangerous clips, messages, etc
c. Increased cost of production as computers are very expensive to buy
and maintain. Computer experts can as well be expensive to hire.
d. They are both health and environmental hazards e.g. can cause eye
defects, and their disposal after use has got a lot of environmental
concerns.
e. Loss of employment as they take over job assignments for semi and less
skilled job functions.
f. Deaths and accidents due to computer malfunctioning or explosion.
g. Virus threats which has made data storage and safety very vulnerable.
h. Erosion of human integrity and creativity as even the smallest
calculation is assigned to the computer. Other cases are GMFs, test
tube children, etc.
i. Loss of man-hours as some workers go for unproductive computer
based leisure at the expense of their work.
j. Cyber terrorism

6. Explain how the following ICTS are used in schools:

 Digital camera
 Used to take photos for research, reference and fieldwork purposes.
 Makes learning real by bringing visual aids in the classroom.

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SENIOR FIVE ICT MARKING GUIDE FOR END OF TERM 1, 2014 EXAMS

 Scanners
 imaging devices for in-putting graphics to the computer to enhance
teaching and learning.
 Computer
 Web-based training (WBT): Self-directed, self-paced instructions on
a topic on the Web.
 Writing notes
 Storing notes
 Internet library
 Increased academic interaction /collaborations through e-mails,
chat rooms, video conferencing, etc.
 On-line learning and teaching
 Public libraries are on line with websites for purposes of making easy
access to educational information.
 Education references soft ware e.g. the Infopedia, Encarta, etc are
programs used for helping people with English usage, data
collection and analysis etc
 Software such as Tutorials can directly instruct a student.
 Simulators are software designed to give students a better
visualisation of a real biological process or phenomenon.
 Computers are being used to develop problem-solving abilities.
 Programming languages are being taught in schools.
 Homework can be done and submitted electronically.

 Printer
It is used for
 printing notes,  report cards,
 exams,  circular letters etc.

7. Explain any five major components of a computer system

The logical units of computer system
◦ Input unit: includes: external devices such as keyboards, mice, disks,
scanner etc and networks that provide enter data to the CPU for
processing.
◦ Output unit: external devices display units such as printer, monitor, audio
speakers etc disks, and networks that receive data from the processor.
◦ Memory unit: holds instructions and most of the data for currently
executing programs. All forms that retain input and processed information.
Includes RAM and ROM.
◦ Central processing unit (CPU): Supervises operation of other devices.
Consists of:
 Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU): Performs calculations
 Control Unit - responsible for the execution of the program

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SENIOR FIVE ICT MARKING GUIDE FOR END OF TERM 1, 2014 EXAMS
 Registers: Registers are storage locations inside the processor. Registers
are used to keep track of the overall status of the running program. They
keep current instructions and the operands of the instruction.
◦ Data path - manipulates the data coming through the processor. It also
provides a small amount of temporary data storage.
 Secondary storage unit such as Hard Disks/ drives/, floppy Disks/ drives
 System Bus: The wired path thru which digital data signals travel
throughout the computer system components.

8. Explain any five characteristics of modern computers

 High Speed: computer can perform millions (1,000,000) of instructions and
even more per second.
 High level of Accuracy: The degree of accuracy of computer is very high
and every calculation is performed with the same accuracy.
 Diligence: A computer is free from tiredness, lack of concentration,
fatigue, etc. They are very meticulous and are capable of doing and
repeating similar task without tiring or getting bored.It can work for hours
without creating any error.
 Versatility: It has capability to perform completely different type of work at
the same time- multitasking, multi-programmable etc.
 Memory: The Computer has an in-built memory and we can store a large
amount of data.
 Storage Capacity: Unlike other data processors, computers are capable
holding large amounts of data for long time without losing it through their
storage media like; HDD, CDs, flash disks, DVDs, etc.
 Artificial intelligence (AI): AI = Ability of computer to mimic human
thought. computers are very intelligent devices and can receive and
respond to requests, and give the appropriate response.
 Automation and programmability: Computers receive and work on
instruction on their own. They work on minimal human intervention.
 Others include: portability, Lack of IQ, They are dumb ETC

9. Explain and explain five generations of computers

 First Generation (1940-1956) Vacuum Tubes: The inventors in this
generation had no monitors or screens where outputs could be
displayed.
a. The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic
drums for memory, They were very big in size as they occupied almost
a room.
b. They were very expensive to operate. They used a great deal of
electricity.
c. They could generate a lot of heat, which was often the cause of
malfunctions.
d. They relied on machine language, the lowest-level programming
language understood by computers, to perform operations, and they
could only solve one problem at a time.

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SENIOR FIVE ICT MARKING GUIDE FOR END OF TERM 1, 2014 EXAMS
e. Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was
displayed on printouts. The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are
examples of first-generation computing devices.
f. The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer delivered to a business
client, the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951.
 Second Generation (1956-1963)- Transistors: The major development in
this generation are the transistors.

a. Started in 1950s.This generation begins with the first computers built

with transistors.
b. Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second
generation of computers
c. The computers in the second generation were still big but somehow
small compared to the first generation computers.
d. The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing
computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-
efficient and more reliable than their first-generation predecessors
which are much smaller, use less power, and create less heat than
vacuum tubes.
e. Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine
language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed
programmers to specify instructions in words.
f. High-level programming languages were also being developed at
this time, such as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN.
g. They were still expensive to purchase.
h. There were no big consumption of electricity. They were quiet in
data processing
i. These were also the first computers that stored their instructions in
their memory, which moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic
core technology. Improved I/O devices,
j. As much as a thousand times faster than first-generation computers.
k. More reliable, less prone to h/w failure and less expensive
l. In 1959, introduction of the removable disk pack, providing users
with fast access to stored data. Improved I/O devices,
m. Examples are IBM 1620, IBM 1401.
n. The first computers of this generation were developed for the
atomic energy industry.

 Third Generation (1964-1971): Integrated Circuits: The development of the

integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers.
a. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called
semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and
efficiency of computers. The development of the integrated circuit
was a major development.
b. The computers were not as expensive as in the other generations.
They were working at a faster rate hence being able to solve many
problems at ago.
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SENIOR FIVE ICT MARKING GUIDE FOR END OF TERM 1, 2014 EXAMS
c. Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third
generation computers through keyboards and monitors and
interfaced with an operating system.
d. The computers were a bit smaller in size and being acquired by a
good number of people.
e. There was introduction of simpler programming languages.
 Fourth Generation (1971-Present): Microprocessors: The microprocessor
brought the fourth generation of computers as thousands of integrated
circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.
a. The major invention was the use of the microchips.
b. The computers were very small in size and occupied a small space.
c. The computer networks were started since the computers were very
powerful.
d. The development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices took
place in this generation

 Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond) Artificial Intelligence: This is the

latest though also cover the sixth generation.
a. Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence,
are still in development, though there are some applications, such
as voice recognition, that are being used today.
b. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to
make artificial intelligence a reality.

10. Explain any five characteristics of third generation of computers

Answer:
Third Generation (1964-1971): Integrated Circuits: The development of the
integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers.
a. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called
semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and
efficiency of computers. The development of the integrated circuit
was a major development.
b. The computers were not as expensive as in the other generations.
They were working at a faster rate hence being able to solve many
problems at ago.
c. Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third
generation computers through keyboards and monitors and
interfaced with an operating system.
d. The computers were a bit smaller in size and being acquired by a
good number of people.
e. There was introduction of simpler programming languages.

11. (a) Define the term computer laboratory

 It is a room or building where computers are stored and used for
learning purposes –[teaching & learning practical skills, internet surfing
etc.
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SENIOR FIVE ICT MARKING GUIDE FOR END OF TERM 1, 2014 EXAMS
 It is a place or room [building] where computers are kept, used to
teach students practical skills like typing, computer repairs,
programming etc.

(b) Mention and explain five ways of ensuring computers safety in the
computer laboratory
 Use of burglar proof doors, windows and locking systems.
 Avoid dust in the lab by regular cleaning- mopping, sweeping, dusting of
shoes etc.
 Avoid carrying food items- water etc in the computer laboratory.
 Avoid use of storage devices like flash disks that are infected with virus.
 Installing updated anti-virus and Use of updated antivirus to avoid oss of
data and computer crash.

 Proper ventilation and installing air conditioners.

 Scan all storage media like flash disks using updated anti-virus.
 Ensure steady supply of power e.g use of UPS [Uninterruptible Power
Supply], stand by generators.
 Employ security guards to keep the computer lab save from strangers

12. a) Define the term word processor program:

Microsoft Word is a computer application software that can be used to
design, edit and/or print text, reports, graphics, and letters, among other
textual work.

b) Mention any three advantages of using word processing software over

manual typewriters
 it is easy to make corrections
 it is neat and attractive
 easy to save and reuse same copies in future
 it is faster especially when many copies are to be produced or reprinted.
 It can be programmed or automated.

c) Mention any three examples of word processing software.

These Word Pad, WordPro, WordPerfect, Notepad,

13. a) Define the term computer hardware

Defined as:
 ‘all physical equipments that comprise of in-put, processing, output,
memory, storage, network, and other peripherals [tangible parts]; that
can constitute the computer system’.
 The tangible parts of a computer that a user can touch, feel, see etc.
 The electro-mechanical physical equipment on which software run.

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SENIOR FIVE ICT MARKING GUIDE FOR END OF TERM 1, 2014 EXAMS
 The actual machine and its support devices; Examples: Monitor, disk
drive, CD ROM, printer, CPU, keyboard, mouse etc.
 These may include monitors, key board, mouse, scanners, printers,
speakers, storage devices etc.

b) Mention and explain five hardware devices found in the computer

laboratory
 In-put devices: These are devices used to key data and instructions
into the Computer. E.g. keyboard, mouse piece, scanners, digitizers,
Microphones, Stripper barcode reader, etc. they can be explained as
follows:
o KEYBOARD: Is an input device used for entering data into
computer by pressing one key at one time. It contains the keys
that allow a user to enter data and instructions into a computer.
Or A keyboard is an input device that contains keys which
initiate programmed routines.
o THE MOUSE: it is a pointing device that allows the entering of
data and instructions by controlling a pointer on the screen
which the user has to move on a smooth flat surface. Is used to
control the movement of a pointer on the screen when it is
moved horizontally over a flat surface.
o TRACKBALL: it is a stationary pointing device with a ball
mechanism on its top. It is a pointing device consisting of a ball
held by a socket containing sensors to detect a rotation of the
ball about two axes—like an upside-down mouse with an
exposed protruding ball.
o JOYSTICK. A joystick is a pointing device with a vertical lever
mounted on a base to control the position of the cursor. Is an
input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and
reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling.
o Light pen: A light pen is a handheld pen like pointing device that
has a light sensitive point to select options on the screen.
o Touch screen: A touch screen is an input device that permits the
entering or selecting of commands and data by touching the
surface of a sensitized video display device with a finger or a
pointer.
o Touch pad: A touch pad is a small flat rectangular pointing
device that is sensitive to pressure and motion.
o Digital camera: A digital camera is an in-put device that take
pictures and store the images digitally rather than traditional
films which image can then be transferred to the computer using
a specialized cable or wireless technology.
o Scanner A scanner is a light sensing input device that converts
printed text and graphics into digital form for computer use.

 System unit: Is a metallic casing used to house the power supply unit,
system speakers, hard disk, DVD/CD-ROM drive, floppy drive, and
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SENIOR FIVE ICT MARKING GUIDE FOR END OF TERM 1, 2014 EXAMS
System mother board (or call it form factor or system planner with the
CPU, system ports and slots, IDE cable/data buses, CMOS battery,
Dimms/Simms, etc).
o The processor [CPU]: Most important chip (the microprocessor)
made of silicon- considered the brain of the computer. Performs
most of actual data processing.

 Storage Media and Storage Devices:

o Storage Media: Consist of any fixed [Primary] or removable
[Secondary] objects that are used to store computer data. Where
storage device writes on or reads from [data/ instructions and
programs].
o Storage Devices: equipments used to write onto or read from
Storage media eg:
i. External hard disk drive
ii. Floppy disk drive
iii. Flash disk drive
iv. Tape drive
v. Compact Disc drive
vi. Digital Versatile Disk
vii. Zip disk drive
viii. Magnetic disk drive

Note: They are named according to the media they write onto or read
from e.g Digital Versatile Disk Drive [DVDD] reads/ writes on Digital
Versatile Disk DVD.

 Memory Unit: Memory hardware devices house/store computer

programs or instructions, data and information used by the CPU during
processing. Memory unit consists of:
o ROM: Read-Only Memory (ROM): a semiconductor circuit that
contains information that cannot be modified- Non-erasable or
Non-rewritable. Nonvolatile (or ROM) memory: holds programs
and firmware for installation of softwares.
 RAM: Random Access Memory (RAM): Memory that can be
read from or written to by a computer or other devices. Volatile
Memory, or RAM, located on motherboard and other circuit
boards
 Output Devices:
These are devices used to communicate data and information to the
computer user. They release stored/processed data and information
for viewing such as
 printers, speakers, lights, and Video Graphic Array (VGA)
or monitor or Visual Display Unit (VDU) or screen, etc.

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SENIOR FIVE ICT MARKING GUIDE FOR END OF TERM 1, 2014 EXAMS
 System bus: The electronic circuitry [the internal wiring] that is the data
highway [communication] of the computer system.

14. a) Define the term computer software

Answer:

 These are the programs to control the operations of computer equipment

 Instructions or codes that tell the computer how to perform the functions
of loading, storing, and executing an application program and how to
transfer data.
 This refers to electronic instructions, commands or programs (artificial
intelligence) which tells the computer how to perform tasks.
 It relates to all forms of information processing instructions.
 Program [which is] a complete sequence of instructions for data
processing to be performed by a computer.

b) Mention and explain the types of system software you know.

Answer:
System software manages the computer resources and includes:

a. Operating system/the executive: coordinates all activities among

hardware devices and contains instructions that allow you to run
application software. Examples Windows 95,2000, NT, ME, xp, VISTA, ETC,
UNIX, LINUX,DOS Etc. Talk of single user and multi-user OS.
b. Service or utility programs: system utilities. EG; sort, disc defragmentation,
disc repair, anti-virus, data recovery, etc.
c. Programming tools: Known as System development software: Translators,
Interpreters, Compilers, Linkers, Debuggers, Drivers e.g.; programming
languages (SQL, C+, NOMAD, COBOL) & translators, debuggers, editors,
etc.

Any three mentioned for system software is awarded 1 Mrk. Each.

Total marks for 6 (a)= 03 Mrks

c). Mention types of application software you know.

Answer: The types of Application software are:

 Packaged software [suite] also known as off-the-shelve software- is

software that is bunched together making a complete set. E.g Microsoft
Office is packaged software that includes many software programs that
may be used in the office, such as Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word and
Microsoft Access.
NB: They are also called General purpose application software; these are
computer programs developed for sale to the general public to solve
routine organizational problems.

BY WAFUBA SICHANGI JOSEPH, MULYANSIGO ROBERT & YUNUSU KAKAIRE 12

SENIOR FIVE ICT MARKING GUIDE FOR END OF TERM 1, 2014 EXAMS
 Shareware is copyrighted software distributed free for a trial period on the
basis of an honor system. Most shareware is delivered free of charge, but
the author usually requests that you pay a small fee if you like the program
and use it regularly.
 Customized software [tailor made software] is known as bespoke software.
This is any type software designed for the exclusive use of a particular
organization. Customized software is tailored to meet the specific needs of
an organization or user.
 Freeware: copyrighted software provided at no cost- is software that is
available for use at no monetary cost or for an optional fee, but usually
(although not necessarily) closed source with one or more restricted usage
rights.
 Commercial software, which is typically sold for profit, but might be
distributed for a business or commercial purpose in the aim to expand the
marketshare of a "premium" product.
 Public-domain software: software donated for public use with no copyright
restrictions.

15. (a). You have been provided with a word processing template below.
Study it and answer questions that follow:

On the above mark and label the following:

 Vertical scroll bar [as labelled above]
 Standard Tools bar [as labelled above]
 Colour pallete [as labelled above]
 Launch button [as labelled above]

b. What is meant by the following terms:

Answer:
BY WAFUBA SICHANGI JOSEPH, MULYANSIGO ROBERT & YUNUSU KAKAIRE 13
SENIOR FIVE ICT MARKING GUIDE FOR END OF TERM 1, 2014 EXAMS
i. Line spacing (02 marks)
 It means the vertical distance between lines of sentence characters.

ii. Bullets:
It means symbols that signify the beginning of a sentence or new idea.

iii. Numbering.
It means numerical text that signify the beginning of a sentence or new
idea.

16. a) What is a menu? (03 marks)

Answer:
List of options that provide various functional tabs, buttons, ribbons etc.

b) Explain the terms below in relation to word processing.

ii. Drop cap (02 marks)
Means a large dropped initial capital letter, can be used to begin a document
or a chapter, or to add interest to a newsletter or invitation.

Dropped cap

In-margin dropped cap

It covers more than one line of the paragraph.

iii. Font size (02 marks)
It means OR refer to character size- thickness, height etc.

iv. Line spacing (02 marks)

It means the vertical distance between lines of sentence characters.

v. Font colour (02 marks)

It means way of creating colour effects on text characters.
vi. Changing case (02 marks)
It means way of formatting text through case alternations or options- from
Upper Case/ Lower Case/ Toggle Case/ Sentence Case etc.
vii. Save document (02 marks)
Write a copy in computer memory and or keep/ store in the hard disk
[primary] or other storage media [secondary storage].
viii. Deleting document (02 marks)
Means discard from computer memory or storage media. Send unwanted
files into the computers’recycle bin.

c) State at least three examples of other application software other than word
processing.
BY WAFUBA SICHANGI JOSEPH, MULYANSIGO ROBERT & YUNUSU KAKAIRE 14
SENIOR FIVE ICT MARKING GUIDE FOR END OF TERM 1, 2014 EXAMS
Answer:
 Ms office word  Word pad
 Word pro  Note pad
 Abi word  Open office write
 Word perfect

17(a).With examples explain the following terms.

i) Hardware.
Answer: All equipments that can be touched, felt and is made of physical
material. Means the Computer Case (System Unit) and its peripherals such as
printer, scanner, monitor, speakers etc,

ii) Hard copy.

It is a printed copy; output given through printing devices
iii) Soft copy.
A file that is ready to print but not printed. i.e a document in the computers’
memory.

18.(a) Write the following in full as used in computer studies.

Answer:
i) C.P.U: Central Processing Unit
ii)R.A.M: Random Access Memory
iii) C.D: Compact Disk
iv) R.O.M: Read Only Memory.
v) C.A.D: Computer Aided Design

(b).Explain any three use of a central processing unit.(03 marks)

Answer:
A processor is made up of three functional units and a set of workspaces; Control
Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and Registers respectively.

i. The Control Unit is responsible for supervising the operation of the

processor. It does the fetch and execute jobs, that is retrieving instructions
from memory and executing them accordingly.
ii. The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): this is responsible for all mathematical
operations. It receives data from the Control Unit and performs either
Arithmetic operations (add, subtract, multiply and divide) or Logic
operations (making a comparison and take an action based on the result)
for example If A=2 End, Else Begin.
iii. Registers: Registers are storage locations inside the processor. Registers in
the control unit are used to keep track of the overall status of the running
program. Control unit registers keep current instructions and the operands
of the instruction. There are also ALU registers that store data items that are
to be added, subtracted, multiplied, divided or compared.

19. Explain any five characteristics of modern computers.

BY WAFUBA SICHANGI JOSEPH, MULYANSIGO ROBERT & YUNUSU KAKAIRE 15
SENIOR FIVE ICT MARKING GUIDE FOR END OF TERM 1, 2014 EXAMS
Answer:
 High Speed: computer can perform millions (1,000,000) of instructions and
even more per second.
 High level of Accuracy: The degree of accuracy of computer is very high
and every calculation is performed with the same accuracy.
 Diligence: A computer is free from tiredness, lack of concentration,
fatigue, etc. They are very meticulous and are capable of doing and
repeating similar task without tiring or getting bored.
 Versatility: It has capability to perform completely different type of work at
the same time- multitasking, multi-programmable etc.
 Memory: The Computer has an in-built memory and we can store a large
amount of data.
 Storage Capacity: Unlike other data processors, computers are capable
holding large amounts of data for long time without losing it through their
storage media like; HDD, CDs, flash disks, DVDs, etc.
 Artificial intelligence (AI): AI = Ability of computer to mimic human
thought. computers are very intelligent devices and can receive and
respond to requests, and give the appropriate response.
 Automation and programmability: Computers receive and work on
instruction on their own. They work on minimal human intervention.
 Others include:
◦ Portability,
◦ Lack of IQ,
◦ They are dumb
◦ They are small in size
◦ Networking – computers can talk to one another over networks-
internet.
◦ Consume less power [some save and operate won battery power
ETC.

20. Outline any five dangers of IT use to man in the society:

Answer:
 Moral decay due to pornographic pictures on internet
 Cyber crime such as money laundering through internet.
 Criminals hack into official websites and destroy databases costing
businesses a lot of money.
 Increased gambling levels- youth want to be idle.
 Causes health problems such as cancer, eye strain, chest pain, back
ache etc
 Others include:
◦ Unemployment
◦ promoted laziness
◦ increase in level of crime.
END

BY WAFUBA SICHANGI JOSEPH, MULYANSIGO ROBERT & YUNUSU KAKAIRE 16