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Smart City: Concept and Challenges

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 e-ISSN: 2455-3131 IJAETS, Volume: 1, Issue: 1, October 2015

Smart City: Concept and Challenges

Pinaki Ghosh1, Dr. T R Mahesh2
1
Mody University of Science and Technology – Laxmangarh, Rajasthan, India
1
[email protected]
2
T John Institute of Technology – Bengaluru, India
2
[email protected]

Abstract: Cities are engines of growth for the economy of services such as building, transportation, electrical
every nation. Urban development is turning out to be and water distribution and public safety.” Harrison
progressively dependent on powerful utilization of intelligent and Donnelly [5].
services. To provide better administrations to all the citizens
and enhancing the effectiveness of organization procedures,
The definitions share a common theme which combines
the idea of a smart city has been praised as a promising
information and communication technology (ICT) with
answer for the coming challenge of global urbanization.
Development of smart city is a step in this direction. interests in human and social capital and urban
infrastructures and services to make sustainable growth in
Keywords: Smart City, Challenges, Global Urbanization, ICT, economics and create high caliber of life style for the
IoT residents.

A smart city can make smart reactions to various types of

I. INTRODUCTION requirements including daily lifestyle, environment
protection, public security and safety, basic services,
Over half of the world’s population is living in cities. The industrial and business administrations. The goal of smart
rapid growth of population creates extreme pressure to city effective and efficient utilization of resources and
redesign existing cities and should plan new cities from the provide better services to its citizens. For older cities, it
ground level to become green and efficient to improve the includes redesigning of infrastructures, utilities and
livelihood of city inhabitants [1]. services and including innovation based particularly keen
framework based applications. Therefore a city may be
There is no universally accepted definition of Smart City. considered smart when investments in human and social
The definition varies from city to city and country to capital, infrastructures and services are incorporated with
country, depending upon the level of development, ICT services to drive inventive ways to deal with practical
willingness to change and reform, resources and development towards sustainable economic growth.
aspirations of the residents etc.

 “Cities that have deployed or are currently piloting II. SMART CITY FEATURES
the integration of information, communications and
technology (ICT) solutions across three or more The fundamental concept of smart city is seamless
different functional areas of a city.” Arrowsmith [1]. integration of physical infrastructure to digital
 “City that makes intelligent responses to different infrastructure. A city with a ubiquitous overlay of ICT
kinds of needs including daily livelihood, connected things, organizations and people. For example,
environmental protection, public safety, city services having sensors in cars connected to traffic management
and industrial and commercial activities.” Su et al [2]. system which analyze traffic flow data and provide drivers
 “City that monitors and integrates conditions of all its a better route to their destination. It may also provide
crucial infrastructures.” Hall [3]. safety instructions and send data to administrator for
 “A city that connects the physical infrastructure, IT quicker response time in case of any incident.
infrastructure, social infrastructure and business
infrastructure to leverage the collective intelligence
of the city.” Hartley [4].
 “The application of complex information system to
integrate the operation of urban infrastructure and

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 IJAETS, Volume: 1, Issue: 1, October 2015

 Health conditions
 Individual safety
 Housing quality
 Education facility
 Touristic attractivity
 Social cohesion

III. CHALLENGES

Any city is based on six core systems: economy, people,

Figure 1: Smart City governance, transportation, environment and living. The
Source: IDC Government Insights, 2013 working of city is determined by the effectiveness and
efficiency of these systems. These systems are considered
Smart city represents innovation in city management, its holistically as well as individually. The major challenges
services and infrastructures. ICT based solutions are the are described in five categories:
key element that makes a city smart. However, simply 1. Privacy, security and trust
deploying expensive technology in a city is a complete 2. E-governance
misunderstanding this concept. 3. Transportation system
4. Energy and environment
A smart city can be defined by six characteristics [6]: 5. Health and living
smart economy, smart people, smart governance, smart
mobility, smart environment and smart living. Privacy, Security and Trust
1. Smart Economy Users implicitly expect systems to be secure and privacy-
 Innovative spirit preserving. When personal data is collected by smart
 Entrepreneurship devices like phones, sensors, vehicles privacy is the main
 Economic image and trademarks concern. The challenge is to separate users’ real identity
 Productivity from the collected data. It requires advanced technologies
 Flexibility of labour market like encryption, access control and intelligent data
 International embeddedness aggregation. User identity management and user
 Ability to transform preference consideration should also be integrated with the
2. Smart People privacy preservation which is a big challenge. Data
 Level of qualification privacy and personal identity is not only a technical aspect
 Affinity to lifelong learning but also concerning with legal and communication aspects
 Social and ethnic plurality [7].
 Flexibility
 Creativity E-Governance
 Cosmopolitanism/Open mindedness The lack of horizontal and vertical integration across
 Participation in public life various e-government and urban initiatives and low level
3. Smart Governance of interest shown by many national authorities limit the
 Participation in decision-making efforts for the systematic development and implementation
 Public and social services of e-governance. Standardization and interoperability are
 Transparent governance key requirements for the adoption of technologies to
 Political strategies and perspectives provide better e-governance.
4. Smart Mobility
 Local accessibility Transportation System
 International accessibility New technologies should be developed for reducing the
 Availability of ICT infrastructure mobility needs for people and goods. Vehicle
 Sustainable, innovative and safe transport system manufacturing process should also be improved to increase
5. Smart Environment the vehicles passenger and goods capacity. Availability of
 Attractivity of natural conditions accurate location information is also a big challenge.
 Pollution Therefore hybrid satellite/positioning techniques need to
 Environmental protection be developed where signals are not available directly from
 Sustainable resource management GPS [8].
6. Smart Living
 Cultural facilities

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 IJAETS, Volume: 1, Issue: 1, October 2015

Distributed Urban Traffic Control Systems are capable of governance, smart mobility, smart environment and smart
tracking cars location in real time. Technologies like setup living.
fast lane for emergency services, dynamic carpool system
[9], WiSafeCar [10] can be used to optimize the utilization This paper also identifies major challenges for developing
of transport system. smart city like privacy, security and trust, e-governance,
transportation system, energy and environment and health
Energy and Environment and living. In order to achieve the goal of a smart city
Smart energy grids are the backbone of smart city. A there is a need of increase efficiency and efficacy of
successful combination of smart processes and smart government, developing environment friendly
technologies will enable energy efficiency and savings. applications, increasing mobility, providing better health
The increasing energy demand in cities is a very big facility and good policy making.
challenge in near future. New surveillance and control
strategy should be developed for both buildings and energy
networks for intelligent and adaptable management of the REFERENCES
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IV. CONCLUSION The Netherlands, Jan. 2010.

The concept of smart city gained importance in the last

years. Making ICT enabled services and applications
available to the citizens, businesses and authorities makes
the day to day life simple and smart. This requires an
integrated version of a city and its infrastructures in its
components. A smart city can be referred as six
characteristics: smart economy, smart people, smart

© IJAETS, 2015 P a g e | 27

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