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Normal-Distribution PDF

The document discusses the normal distribution and how it can be used to calculate probabilities related to data distribution and variation from the mean. It provides an example of using a normal distribution to calculate the probability of people's heights falling within certain ranges.

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Jake Bitualia
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

Normal-Distribution PDF

The document discusses the normal distribution and how it can be used to calculate probabilities related to data distribution and variation from the mean. It provides an example of using a normal distribution to calculate the probability of people's heights falling within certain ranges.

Uploaded by

Jake Bitualia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

The Bell Curve

Bitualia, JC | 2016-90863 | Research Methods in Planning


• Mean = median = mode
• Symmetry about the center
• 50% of the values less than the mean
• 50% of the values greater than the mean
• The Distribution is completely described
by its mean (µ) and standard deviation (‫)ס‬
 Mean and Standard Deviation – which quantify the characteristics of a given
dataset. While the mean indicates the “central” or average value of the entire
dataset, the standard deviation indicates the “spread” or variation of data-points
around that mean value.
 Normal Distribution is being used when a researcher would want to know the
variations of spread of data around the mean.
 Normal Distribution is being used when a researcher would want to know the
probability of a subject to the group (e.g. What is the probability that a person in a
group is 70 inches or less?)
 Indicates how many standard deviations from the mean a data point is.

Why Z-score?
• Basically, this conversion forces the mean and the standard deviation to be
standardized to 0 and 1 respectively, which enables a standard defined set of Z-values
to be used for easy calculations.

Converting the x-value to the equivalent z-value


• Z=(X-mean)/stddev
For the complete table of Z-score please refer to https://goo.gl/QLshjY.
SOLVE:
1. What is the probability that a person in the group is 70 inches or less?
1st- find the cumulative frequency.
P(X<=70) i.e. in the entire set of 100.
Z=(X-mean)/sstdev
Z=(70-66)/6
Z=4/6
Z=0.66667 (round off to two decimals)
Z=0.67
Now, find P(Z<=0.67) in the Z-score table

:. 0.24857 i.e. 24.857% probability that an individual in the group will be less than or
equal to 70 inches.
2nd- Since 0-66 represents the half portion, its probability is 0.5.
70 inches or less= 0.24857 + 0.5= 0.74857 or 74.857%
SOLVE:
1. What is the probability that a person in the group is 70 inches or less?
2. What is the probability that a person in the group is 75 inches or higher?
1st- Find the Complementary cumulative P(X>=75).
Z=(X-mean)/sstdev
Z=(75-66)/6
Z=9/6
Z=1.5 (or .93319)
P(Z>=1.5)*
1-P(z<=1.5)
1-0.93319

:. 0.06681 i.e. 6.681% probability that an individual in the group will be greater than or
equal to 75 inches.

*Because the Z-table gives you only “less than” probabilities, subtract P(Z < 1.5) from 1 (remember that the total probability for
the normal distribution is 1.00, or 100%). Remember the two types of events; deterministic and probabilistic
SOLVE:
1. What is the probability that a person in the group is 70 inches or less?
2. What is the probability that a person in the group is 75 inches or higher?
2. What is the probability of a person being in between 52 inches and 67 inches?
1st- Find P(52<=X<=67)
P(52<=X<=67)
P[(52-66)/6<=Z<=(67-66)/6]
P(-2.33<=Z<=0.17)
P(Z<=0.17)-P(Z<=0.233)
(.5+.56749)*-1-(.59095)**
(0.5+.56749)-(.40905)
= .65844

:. 0.65844 i.e. 65.844% probability that an individual in the group will be between 52 to 67
inches.

*it looks for greater than 52


**it looks for less than 67
 http://www.investopedia.com/articles/active-trading/092914/normal-distribution-
table-explained.asp
 https://www.stat.tamu.edu/~lzhou/stat302/standardnormaltable.pdf
 http://www.dummies.com/education/math/statistics/how-to-find-probabilities-for-
z-with-the-z-table/
 http://www.dummies.com/education/math/statistics/how-to-use-the-z-table/
 http://www.cqeweb.com/chapters-html/chap3_html/chapter3.htm
Thank you!

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