INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Humans developed machines to make their lives easier to accomplish tasks which are too tedious or are
time consuming. Therefore humans put efforts in making the machines more sophisticated and smart.
Children are asked to compare old TV and smart TVs. How they differ in their working.
Similarly Old phones and smartphones are compared, to understand about latest facilities in smart phones.

Mention two types of machines which have evolved with time.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:
Artificial is something which is man-made, which does not occur naturally.
Intelligence is the ‘ability to perceive or infer information, and to retain it as knowledge to be applied
towards adaptive behaviours within an environment or context.’

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
HUMAN INTELLIGENCE:
Human Intelligence is defined in terms of :
1. Ability to observe, recognize and understand
2. Ability to make ‘smart’ decisions and solve problems
3. Ability to learn and increase knowledge
Any device that can perform the above, can be termed as intelligent device.
When a machine possesses the ability to mimic human traits i.e make decisions, predict the future, learn
and improve on its own by collecting data, understand it, analyse it , learn from it and improve it, it is said
to have Artificial Intelligence. Machines become intelligent once they are trained with data and algorithm.

Define Artificial Intelligence.

How does a machine become Artificially Intelligent?

Mention four examples of artificially intelligent applications in our smart phones.

Answer:
Phone Smart Lock / Snapchat filter / Shopping websites / Netflix / YouTube / Face
Detection / Google Maps / Emotions recognition / Google assistant / Natural language
recognition / image detection / beauty filters etc.

THE ABILITIES THAT ARE INVOLVED IN INTELLIGENCE:

There are mainly 9 types of Intelligence :-

1. Mathematical Logical Intelligence: A person's ability to regulate, measure, and

understand numerical symbols, abstraction and logic.
2. Linguistic Intelligence: Language processing skills both in terms of understanding or
implementation in writing or speech.
3. Spatial Visual Intelligence: It is defined as the ability to perceive the visual world and the
relationship of one object to another.
4. Kinaesthetic Intelligence: Ability that is related to how a person uses his limbs in a skilled
manner.
 5. Musical Intelligence: As the name suggests, this intelligence is about a person's ability to
recognize and create sounds, rhythms, and sound patterns.
6. Intrapersonal Intelligence: Describes the level of self-awareness someone has starting from
realizing weakness, strength, to recognizing his own feelings.
7. Existential Intelligence: An additional category of intelligence relating to religious and
spiritual awareness.
8. Naturalist Intelligence: An additional category of intelligence relating to the ability to
process information on the environment around us.
9. Interpersonal Intelligence: Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to communicate with
others by understanding other people's feelings and the influence of the person.

Every human being has all 9 intelligence, but at different levels.

What do you understand by mathematical and logical reasoning?

Exercise – 1 :
Teachers can list out some professions and ask students to identify the type of intelligence used in their
professions.
For Eg:
Lawers : Linguistic Intelligence
Musicians : Musical Intelligence
Architect : Mathematical, Logical Reasoning
Exercise – 2 :
Allow students to check on, the type of intelligence used by them, when they are exposed to various
scenarios.

Identify and list the intelligence types that you have in descending order.

What is Intelligence? Explain in brief any three types of intelligence that are mainly perceived by human
beings?

What do you understand by Interpersonal Intelligence?

APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AROUND US:

a. Google Search Engine:
With the help of AI, Google Search Engines, turned into intelligent search, producing direct answers. It
uses voice and image searches and incorporated deep learning to fasten the searches with more accuracy.
b. Voice assistant:
AI is being used in voice assistants to recognize words spoken by the user. NLP has capabilities like
“Speech-to-Text” convert the natural language of the user into text for further processing. Digital assistants
improve its performance over time.
c. E-commerce website:
With the use of big data, AI in E-Commerce is impacting customer choices by recording the data of
previous purchases, searched products, and online browsing habits.
d. Navigate to Places:
To help us navigate to places, apps like UBER and Google Maps exist. Thus, one no longer needs to stop
to ask for directions.
e. Improved Gaming Experience:
AI has changed the world of gaming by making the game more intelligent with enhanced graphics,
providing the ability to learn using machine learning algorithms. Games, understand human patterns and
give responses to new difficulty levels. AI can adapt to your playing style by making the game more
exciting.
f. Platforms that provide recommendations:
Platforms like Netflix, Amazon, Spotify, YouTube etc. show us recommendations on the basis of what we
like. They even cater to needs of connecting with friends on social media platforms with apps like
Facebook and Instagram. They also send us customized notifications about our online shopping details,
auto-create playlists according to our requests and so on. Taking selfies with Snapchat filters are all
possible now.
g. Monitor Health:
AI is also being used to monitor our health. Chatbots and other health apps are available, which
continuously monitor the physical and mental health of its users.
The humanoids like Sophia, to get citizenship, biometric security systems like the face locks in phones,
real-time language translators, weather forecasts, all use AI.

WHAT IS AI & WHAT IS NOT AI :

WHAT IS NOT AI?

a. A fully automatic washing machine:
It can work on its own, but it requires human intervention to select the parameters of washing and to do the
necessary preparation for it to function correctly before each wash, which makes it an example of
automation, not AI.
b. An Air Conditioner working remotely :
An air conditioner can be turned on and off remotely with the help of internet but still needs a human
touch. This is an example of Internet of Things (IoT).
c. Automated Robots :
Robots which might follow a path or maybe can avoid obstacles but need to be primed accordingly each
time.
d. Automated Projects using Sensors :
A lot of projects which can automate our surroundings with the help of sensors, bots or the automation
machine is not trained with any data, it does not count as AI.
e. All "smart" devices are not AI-enabled :
For example, a TV does not become AI-enabled if it is a smart one.
NOTE: It gets the power of AI when it is able to think and process on its own.

AI, ML & DL :

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Refers to the technique that enables computers to mimic human intelligence. It gives the ability to
machines to recognize a human’s face; to move and manipulate objects; to understand the voice commands
by humans etc. The AI-enabled machines think algorithmically and execute intelligently.
Machine Learning (ML)
It is a subset of Artificial Intelligence which enables machines to improve at tasks with experience (data)
using the provided data and make accurate Predictions/ Decisions.
Deep Learning (DL)
It enables software to train itself to perform tasks with vast amounts of data. In Deep Learning, the
machine is trained with huge amounts of data which helps it in training itself around the data. Such
machines are intelligent enough to develop algorithms for themselves.

Differentiate between Machine Learning & Deep Learning.

Machine Learning Deep Learning
Performs well on small to medium
Data Performs well on large datasets
datasets
Hardware Able to function on CPU Requires significant computing power e.g., GPU
Features need to be manually
Features Learns features automatically
identified
Training time Quick to train Computationally intensive

Compare Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning & Deep Learning.

Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Deep Learning

AI stands for Artificial DL stands for Deep Learning,

Intelligence, and is basically ML stands for Machine and is the study that makes use
the study/process which Learning, and is the study that of Neural Networks (similar to
enables machines to mimic uses statistical methods neurons present in human
human behaviour through enabling machines to improve brain) to imitate functionality
particular with experience. just like a human brain.
algorithm.

AI is the broader family

consisting of ML and DL as ML is the subset of AI. DL is the subset of ML.
it’s components.

DL is a ML algorithm that uses

AI is a computer algorithm ML is an AI algorithm which deep (more than one layer)
which exhibits intelligence allows system to learn from neural networks to analyze data
through decision making. data. and provide output
accordingly.

If you are clear about the math

If you have a clear idea about
involved in it but don’t have
the logic (math) involved in
idea about the features, so you
behind and you can visualize
Search Trees and much break the complex
the complex functionalities
complex math is involved in functionalities into
like K-Mean, Support Vector
AI. linear/lower dimension
Machines, etc., then it defines
features by adding more layers,
the ML aspect.
then it defines the DL aspect.
 It attains the highest rank in
The aim is to basically The aim is to increase accuracy
terms of accuracy when it is
increase chances of success not caring much about the
trained with large amount of
and not accuracy. success ratio.
data.

DL can be considered as neural

networks with a large number
Three broad of parameters layers lying in
categories/types Of AI are: Three broad one of the four fundamental
Artificial Narrow categories/types Of ML are: network
Intelligence (ANI), Artificial Supervised Learning, architectures: Unsupervised
General Intelligence (AGI) Unsupervised Learning and Pre-trained Networks,
and Artificial Super Reinforcement Learning Convolutional Neural
Intelligence (ASI) Networks, Recurrent Neural
Networks and Recursive
Neural Networks

The efficiency Of AI is Less efficient than DL as it

More powerful than ML as it
basically the efficiency can’t work for longer
can easily work for larger sets
provided by ML and DL dimensions or higher amount
of data.
respectively. of data.

Examples of AI applications
include: Examples of ML applications Examples of DL applications
Google’s AI-Powered include: Virtual Personal include: Sentiment based news
Predictions, Ridesharing Assistants: Siri, Alexa, Google, aggregation, Image analysis
Apps Like Uber and Lyft, etc., Email Spam and Malware and caption generation, etc.
Commercial Flights Use an Filtering.
AI Autopilot, etc.

INTRODUCTION TO AI DOMAINS:
Artificial Intelligence becomes intelligent according to the training which it gets. For training, the machine
is fed with datasets. According to the applications for which the AI algorithm is being developed, the data
which is fed into it changes.
With respect to the type of data fed in the AI model, AI models can be broadly categorized into three
domains:
a. Data Sciences
Data sciences is a domain of AI related to data systems and processes. The system collects numerous data,
maintains data sets, and derives meaning/sense out of them.
The information extracted through data science can be used to make a decision about it. Example of
Data Science:
Price Comparison Websites
These websites are being driven by lots of data giving us the convenience of comparing the price of a
product from multiple vendors at one place.
PriceGrabber, PriceRunner, Junglee, Shopzilla, DealTime are some examples of price comparison
websites.
b. Computer Vision
Computer Vision (CV) , is a domain of AI that depicts the capability of a machine to get and analyze visual
information and predict some decisions about it. The entire process involves image acquiring, screening,
analyzing, identifying and extracting information. This extensive processing helps computers to understand
any visual content and act on it accordingly.
In computer vision, Input to machines can be photographs, videos and pictures from thermal or infrared
sensors, indicators and different sources.
Computer vision related projects translate digital visual data into descriptions. This data is then turned into
computer-readable language to aid the decision-making process. The main objective of this domain of AI is
to teach machines to collect information from pixels.
Examples of Computer Vision
Self-Driving cars/ Automatic
Cars
CV systems scan live objects and analyse them, based on whether the car decides to keep running or to
stop.
Face Lock in Smartphones
Smartphones come with the feature of face locks in which the smartphone’s owner can set up his/her face
as an unlocking mechanism for it. The front camera detects and captures the face and saves its features
during initiation. Next time onwards, whenever the features match, the phone is unlocked.
c. Natural Language Processing
Natural Language Processing (NLP) , is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the interaction
between computers and humans using the natural language.
Natural language refers to language that is spoken and written by people, and natural language processing
(NLP) attempts to extract information from the spoken and written word using algorithms.
The ultimate objective of NLP is to read, decipher, understand, and make sense of the human languages in
a manner that is valuable.
It has two main components:
Natural Language Understanding (NLU): It is used for spoken or written language to provide a link
between natural language inputs and what they present. It analyzes different aspects of language.
Natural Language Generation (NLG): It helps to produce meaningful phrases and sentences along
with Text planning, Sentence Planning, and Text realization.
Examples of Natural Language Processing
Email filters
Email filters are one of the most basic and initial applications of NLP online. It started out with spam
filters, uncovering certain words or phrases that signal a spam message.
Smart assistants
Smart assistants like Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa recognize patterns in speech, then infer meaning
and provide a useful response.

What are AI Domains ?

Pick the odd one out and justify your answer:
a. Snap Chat Filter
b. Face Lock in Phone
c. Chatbot
d. Image search Option

Answer: Chatbot, as it is NLP based, the other three are Computer vision based

Applications of Artificial Intelligence around us

Every now and then, we surf the internet for things on Google without realizing how efficiently Google
always responds to us with accurate answers. Not only does it come up with results to our search in a
matter of seconds, it also suggests and autocorrects our typed sentences.

We nowadays have pocket assistants that can do a lot of tasks at just one command. Alexa, Google
Assistant, Cortana, Siri are some very common examples of the voice assistants which are a major part of
our digital devices.

To help us navigate to places, apps like UBER and Google Maps come in there. Thus, one no longer needs
to stop repeatedly to ask for directions.

AI has completely enhanced the gaming experience for its users. A lot of games nowadays are backed up
with AI which helps in enhancing the graphics, come up with new difficulty levels, encourage gamers, etc.
AI has not only made our lives easier but has also been taking care of our habits,
likes, and dislikes. This is why platforms like Netflix, Amazon, Spotify, YouTube
etc. show us recommendations on the basis of what we like.

AI is also being used to monitor our health. A lot of chatbots and other health apps
are available, which continuously monitor the physical and mental health of its
users.

These applications are not limited to smart devices but also vary to humanoids like
Sophia, the very first humanoid robot sophisticated enough to get citizenship,
biometric security systems like the face locks we have in our phones, real-time
language translators, weather forecasts, and whatnot! This list is huge, and this
module will go on forever if we keep tabulating them. So, take some time, discuss
with a friend and identify more and more AI applications around you!

AI Ethics
AI ethics is a set of values, principles and techniques that employee widely accepted
standards of right and wrong to guide moral conduct in the development and use of
AI technology.
AI Bias and AI Access
Bias means inclination or prejudice for or against one person or group, especially in
a way considered to be unfair. When AI programs, tool, and algorithm exhibit any
kind of bias, it is called AI bias.
AI Access
Since Artificial Intelligence is still a budding technology, not everyone has the
opportunity to access it. The people who can afford AI enabled devices make the
most of it while others who cannot are left behind. Because of this, a gap has
emerged between these two classes of people and it gets widened with the rapid
advancement of technology