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3-IPv4 Addressing

This document discusses IPv4 addressing including IP address classes, private addresses, subnet masks, and network addressing. It covers topics like classful addressing, subnetting, private vs public addressing, and automatic private IP addressing.

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Shams Haider
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32 views

3-IPv4 Addressing

This document discusses IPv4 addressing including IP address classes, private addresses, subnet masks, and network addressing. It covers topics like classful addressing, subnetting, private vs public addressing, and automatic private IP addressing.

Uploaded by

Shams Haider
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Configure and Verify IPv4 Addressing:

o IP stand for Internet Protocols & internet means international Network.


o Protocols are set of rules and regulation.
o V stand for version, where V1, V2, V3, V5 and V6.
o V1, V2, and V3 were all test versions that were improved.
o IPv5 also called the internet steam protocol developed in 1980s.
o IP address is a logical address for a Network Adapter.
o The IP address uniquely identifies computers on a TCP/IP Network.
o IP address is a numeric identifier that is assigned to a device for communication.
o The designers of the Internet Protocol defined an IP address as a 32-bit number.
o IPv4 address consists of 32 bits, which limits the address space to 4294967296 (2 32).
o IP address consists of four decimal numbers, which separated by dots or decimal points.
o Hence, we also called IP Address version 4 dotted-decimal notation.
o For example, 192.168.1.0 is an IP address written in dotted-decimal notation.
o The binary version of 192.168.1.0 is 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000000.
o Each decimal numbers of IP address represents 8-bit, and called an octet.
o Hence, an IP address represents 32-bit (or 4 bytes).
o The range of each octet is between 0 and 255.
o IPV4 address start from 0.0.0.0 and end with 255.255.255.255.
o It is also called 32 bit, logical, network, variable, software, layer 3 address.

IPV4 Classes:
o IPv4 address space can be subdivided into five classes.
o IPv4 class are class A, class B, class C, class D and class E.
o IPv4 each class consists of subset of the overall IPv4 address range.
o IPv4 class A, class B and class C used for Unicast ranges.
o IPv4 Class D used for Multicast Range.
o IPv4 Class E reserved for Research purpose.
o IPv4 Class E network is reserved for "experimental use".
o IPv4 Class E should not be assigned to host devices.
o IPv4 address range from 0.0.0.0 through 0.255.255.255 cannot work.
Class Range Full Range Binary Start-up Bit
A 1-127 1.0.0.0 – 127.0.0.0 0
B 128-191 128.0.0.0 – 191.0.0.0 10
C 192-223 192.0.0.0 – 223.0.0.0 110
D 224-239 224.0.0.0 – 239.0.0.0 1110
E 240-255 240.0.0.0 – 255.0.0.0 1111

1 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile: 056 430 3717


Loopback Address:
o Address beginning with 127 is unacceptable to assign them any network host.
o From 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 is fully reserved for loopback purpose.
o Loopback interface allows IT professionals to test IP software broken or corrupted.
o Loopback addresses are used for checking and troubleshooting purposes.

Unicast Address Type:


o One to one communication is called Unicast Communication.
o Type of communication where data is sent from one computer to another computer.
o Unicast is a one-to-one type of network communication.
o Different data streams are generated for each Unicast connection.
o In Unicast type of communication, there is only one sender, and only one receiver.

Multicast Address Type:


o One to a specific group communication is called Multicast Communication.
o Type of communication where multicast traffic addressed for a group of devices.
o IP multicast traffic are sent to a group and only members of that group receive.
o Devices, interested in a particular Multicast traffic, must join to that Multicast group.
o IP Multicast Groups are identified by Multicast IP Addresses Class D Addresses.
o In Multicast, the sender transmits only one copy of data and delivered many devices.
o Address range from 224.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 cannot assignment to network hosts.
o IP version 4-class D network is reserved for multicasting.

Broadcast Address Type:


o One to all communication is called Broadcast Communication.
o Type of communication where data is sent from one computer and copy to all devices.
o In Broadcast, there is only one sender and the data is sent only once.
o However, the Broadcast data is delivered to all connected devices.
o Switches forward the broadcast traffic and Routers drop the broadcast traffic.

Subnet Mask:
o Class A's default mask is 255.0.0.0, or /8
o Class B's default mask is 255.255.0.0, or /16
o Class C's default mask is 255.255.255.0, or /24
o 255.0.0.0 in binary is 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000.
o 255.255.0.0 in binary is 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000.
o 255.255.255.0 in binary is 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000.
o Class A = /8 = 224 (16,600,000) Addresses for hosts
o Class B = /16 = 216 (65,000) Addresses for hosts
o Class C = /24 = 28 (256) Addresses for hosts

2 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile: 056 430 3717


Network and Host Portions:
o Internet Protocol version 4 Class A network mask 255.0.0.0.
o 255 means the first octet of the address is the network portion.
o And the final three octets are the host portion.
o Internet Protocol version 4 Class B network mask 255.255.0.0.
o 255.255 means the first two octets of the address are the network portion,
o Moreover, the final two octets are the host portion.
o Internet Protocol version 4 Class C network mask 255.255.255.0.
o 255.255.255.0 Means the first three octets are the network portion.
o In addition, the final one octet is the host portion.

Network Mask:
o Network mask or NetMask is a 32-bit binary number.
o Network mask is usually written in dotted-decimal format.
o Network mask defines the size of the host part of an IP address,
o Representing the host part of the IP address with binary 0s in the mask.
Class Network Part Host Part Default Mask
A 8 24 255.0.0.0
B 16 16 255.255.0.0
C 24 8 255.255.255.0

Network Address:
o Network address or network number is a number that uses dotted-decimal notation.
o The number it represents all hosts in a single Class A, B, or C IP network.
o For example, an IP address 192.168.0.1 with network mask 255.255.255.0,
o In the given IP address, the network address will be 192.168.0.0.
o Network address, use logical AND operation between IP address & network mask.
o For example, an IP address 192.168.0.1 with network masks 255.255.255.0.
o Convert the IP address 192.168.0.1 to binary format.
o We get 11000000 10101000 00000000 00000001.
o Convert 255.255.255.0 to binary, get 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000.
o Logical AND operation we get 11000000 10101000 00000000 00000000.

Private Addresses:
o Private IP addresses are used inside the LAN for Private Communication.
o Private IP Addresses are also called Non Routable IP addresses.
o Specific address ranges within Class A, Class B, & Class C reserved for private networks.
o A private IP address is a non-Internet facing IP address on an internal network.
o Large companies use Class A as it allows more than 16 million hosts.
o Class B manages 16,384 hosts per network where Class C is used 254 hosts.

3 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile: 056 430 3717


Class Private Start Address Private End Address
A 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255
B 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255
C 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255
B APIPA 169.254.0.0 169.254.255.255

APIPA:
o APIPA stand for Automatic Private IP Addressing.
o Windows computer assign itself an IP address if a DHCP is not available.
o For example, this could occur on a network without a DHCP server.
o On a network, if a DHCP server is temporarily down for maintenance.
o With this feature, a Windows computer can assign itself IP address.
o If a DHCP server is not available or does not exist on the network.
o This feature makes configuring and supporting LAN running TCP/IP less difficult.

Class Full IP Address:


o Those IPv4 addresses which use default subnet mask.
Class IP Address Subnet Mask
A 10.0.1.1 255.0.0.0
B 172.16.0.2 255.255.0.0
C 192.168.0.5 255.255.255.0

Classes IP Address:
o Those IPv4 addresses, which does not use default subnet mask.
o Those IPV4 addresses which subnetting are done.
Class IP Address Subnet Mask
A 10.0.1.1 255.255.0.0
B 172.16.0.2 255.255.255.0

4 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile: 056 430 3717

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