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Power wireless transfer based on a royer oscillator

Article in Materials Science and Engineering B · October 2018

DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/420/1/012050

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Power Wireless Transfer Based on a Royer Oscillator

Syafruddin Hasan, Ricki Ananda, Ali Hanafiah Rambe, Suherman Suherman

Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

[email protected]

Abstract. Wireless is not only for communication, but also for power transfer. This paper
presented wireless power transfer prototype by using a Royer oscillator. From the experiment,
it is obtained that At the transmitter, transmitted power increases exponentially to number of
capacitors, so does the frequency. At the receiver, received power and frequency increase if
number of capacitor in transmitted added. Maximum received power is 0.444 W and efficiency
96.5% at distance 7 cm.

1. Introduction
Wireless is usually used for communication by changing one of the characteristics of high frequency.
Communication delivers sound, image and video through this carrier frequency. Various technology
from low frequency such as SONAR (SOundNAvigation and Ranging) to light frequency such IRDA
(InfraRed Data Acquisition), from low data rate to broadband (Marwan Al-Akaidi, 2015).
Even the signal strength degrades tremendously by the air(Mubarakah, N., 2018), for some
applications, those recovered signal may be enough to be used directly. The famous application is
wireless charger. As this application was introduced, wireless application for power transfer steadily
increases. This technology is commonly known as Wireless Energy Transfer (WPT). The basic
principle the technology is by utilizing two self-resonators having the same resonance frequencies are
able to transfer energy efficiently at a certain distance (Sample P Alanson, 2011).
Many studies have discussed this WTP, initiated by Tesla(Thomas, 2005). Niko Tesla built the
Wardenclyffe tower at Shoreham in 1893 that was able to turn an incandescent lamp onby distance of
27 meters (Thomas, 2005). Since then, research silently continues but loss competition by the
conventional energy sources. But it appears steadily as wireless charger introduced. One of recent
works by Rakhmanet al( 2014)is able to transfer 0.108 volt, 0.00143 A (154.44 μW)at a distance of
12cm(Rahman Syed Khalid, Ahmed Omar, 2014). Other research conducted by Fareqwas able to
reduce obstacle effect such as hands, books and types of plastics (M Fareq, 2014).
Thispaper focuses on the use of Royer oscillator for transmitting power wirelessly. Royer oscillator
is a series of oscillation circuits that makes use of MOSFET in its circuit.

2. Circuit implementation
In order to implement the circuits, a transmitter consisting power supply and Royer oscillator is
devised and a receiver with battery charger and booster is created. The input voltage comes from the
PLN, a local energy network.
 As power is feed to royal oscillator, the receiver at certain distance is able to drive several 7 Watt
light bulbs, by using a booster circuit. The received energy is at first stored in a battery. The battery
output is fed up to a booster circuit to obtain higher voltage.

2.1 Transmitter: Royer oscillator

Figure 1a shows the Royer oscillator circuit. The MOSFETs pushes the input voltage to LC circuits
and pulls the signal from output of LC circuit. This push-pull configuration results bigger current
converted into electromagnetic wave in LC circuit that is potential for wirelessly transferring the
energy. A special coil is employed to make sure energy induced significantly.
The two zener diodes are used to activate MOSFET in one way so the current flows through the
two sides of the special choke or coil and the drains of the MOSFET. At the same time, the gate
voltage is fed by the voltage divider by using two resistors.

(a) Schematic diagram

(b) Printed circuit board outline

Figure 1. Royer oscillator circuit
By using component as listed in Table 1, the circuit is implemented in printed boars as depicted in
Figure 1b.
Table 1 Royer oscillator components
Component Type and size Total
Diode LED 1
1N4148 2
Resistor 4.7kΩ, 1
100Ω 2
10KΩ 2
MOSFET IRFZ44N 2
Capacitor 6.8nF 8
Inductor 100uH, toroid 2
2.2 Transmitter: power supply circuit
Figure 2 shows the voltage supply circuits using the LM78XX regulator series with a simple capacitor
filter. A 12 volt output voltage is used (LM7812). Component used in the system is shown in Table 2.

Figure 2. Power supply circuit

Table 3. Components for voltage supply

Komponen Nilai /ukuran Jumlah
Capacitor 1000uF/50V 2
Dioda 1N4050 2
Sanlin, CT, 12V,
Transformer 1
24V, 30V . 5A
Regulator LM 7812 1

2.3 Receiver circuits

A coupling circuit is made as the receiver. The resonator at the receiver contains an inductor and a capacitor. The
key of the circuit is the coil shape. Figure 3a shows the resonance circuits and Figure 3b shows the receiver
diagram. The resonance output is connected to charge battery. Battery drives bulb by using a booster circuit.

(a) Resonance circuits (b) Receiver

Figure 3. Diagram of the receiver resonance
2.4 Booster circuit
Booster circuits increases voltage level that is received and stored ina battery. Since the battery as the
power source is not enough to drive bulbs, booster increases the voltage. It is also to avoid more
battery usage. This booster circuit is shown in Figure 4(Fathah, 2013).

Figure 4. Booster circuit

 The booster is sometimes referred to as Joule-thief.The Joule-thief consists of a MOSFET that is
switching on-off to enable capacitor C to store additional voltage Vc to deliver to load. LED ensures
that current flows in one way, and choke avoids ripple on output voltage. The Joule-thief circuit is
efficient, reliable and a very fast to response (Suci, 2017). Table 4 shows the used component that
fitted in printed board in Figure 5.

Table 4.Booster circuit component

Components Value Total
Transformer Feedback 1
MOSFET FZR4552 1
Resistor 100 Ohm 1
Capasitor 100uf/50V 1
USB 5V TP 4056 1
Battery 3.7 V 1

Figure 5.Printed board for booster

3. Implementation results
Figure 6a shows the implementation of wireless power transfer using a Royer oscillator. Number of
capacitor within the transmitter can be adjusted. Figure 6b and 6c show the signal form when capacitor
changed.
Without additional capacitor, signal has high frequency and smaller travelled distance. The
received signal amplitude is much lower than the transmitted one. However, when number of
additional capacitor is 10, signal amplitude of the received one is larger than the transmitted one, with
lower frequency. Figure 6d shows the bright 7Wx4 light bulb driven by the booster circuit within
receiver.

b. Output signal for single capacitor

a. Device

c. Output signal for ten capacitors d. Output Drives 7Wx4 light bulbs
Figure 6. Implementation results
 Impact of number of capacitor installed to the received signal is shown in Table 5. The more the
capacitors; the lower the generated frequency; and the longer the transfer distance.

Table 5. Impact of capacitor addition

Receiver Receiver Efficiency
Transmitter
at 7 cm at 12 cm %
Numb
Pin Freq Pout Freq Pout Freq Eff. Eff.
er of Vin I (A) Vout Iout Vout Iout
(W) (KHz) (W) (KHz) (W) (KHz) 7cm 12 cm
C
0 9.8 0 0 5200 0 0 0 7500 0 0 0 7700 0 0
2 9.8 0.02 0.196 1700 2.3 0.01 0.023 1280 0.9 0.01 0.009 993.5 11.7 4.5
4 9.8 0.02 0.196 923 5.4 0.02 0.108 928.2 1.5 0.01 0.015 981.0 55.1 7.6
6 9.8 0.03 0.294 833 7.8 0.02 0.156 762.2 5.7 0.02 0.114 833.0 68.0 38.
8 9.8 0.03 0.294 660 10.8 0.02 0.216 710.4 9.5 0.02 0.19 708.2 73.4 64.6
10 9.8 0.03 0.294 522 14.2 0.02 0.284 610.5 11.8 0.02 0.236 614.7 96.5 80.2

Based on Table 5, power and frequency characteristics are plotted in Figure 8. At the
transmitter, transmitted power increases exponentially to number of capacitors, so does the
frequency. At the receiver, received power and frequency increase if number of capacitor in
transmitted added. The longer distance the lower received power. However, frequency is
relatively constant to distance.

0,4 6000
Input Power (W)

Frequency (kHz)

0,3
4000
0,2
2000
0,1
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
Number of capacitor Number of capacitor

(a) Transmitted power (b) Transmitter frequency

7 cm 12 cm 10000
Received signal frekuency

8000
0,3
Received Power (W)

6000
0,2
(kHz)

4000
0,1 2000
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
Number of capacitor Number of capacitor

(c) Received power (d) Receiver frequency

Figure 8. Power and frequency characteristics
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4. Conclusions
To conclude, the more capacitor installed in transmitting resonance, the lower the transmitting
frequency, but the higher the transmitted power. The higher the transmitting power the higher the
received power. Maximum power rating in receiver circuit with distance 7 cm is at 10 capacitors, with
obtained power 0.444 W, and efficiency 96.5%. For the distance of 12 cm on 10 capacitors, power is
0.345 W, and efficiency is 88 %.

References
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