Umm in height .

At least 8 mm should be

the depth of the sulcus

lingual bar +
plate cover the cingulum and

contact point

•When the lingual frenum is high or the space available for a lingual bar is limited (<8 mm)
•Kennedy class I with excessive ridge resorption ➔ Flat RR ➔ Excessive denture movements ➔ The plate can
restrict the denture movements as it sets on the teeth
•For stabilizing periodontally weakened teeth, splinting with a linguoplate can be of some value
when used with definite rests on sound adjacent teeth
•When the future replacement of one or more incisor teeth will be facilitated by the addition of
retention loops to an existing linguoplate

• Indicated when the depth of the floor of the mouth is <8 mm

• Also indicated in the presence of an anterior lingual undercut
that would require considerable blockout for a conventional
lingual bar
• Should not interfere with the floor of the mouth during function

• Located on or slightly above the cingula of the anterior

teeth
• When a linguoplate is the major connector of choice but the
axial alignment of the anterior teeth is such that excessive
blockout of interproximal undercuts must be made
• Can be used with lingual bar:.

• Indicated where extreme lingual inclination of the remaining

lower premolar and incisor teeth prevent the use of a lingual bar
major connector ➔ Teeth alteration➔Minimal
• Also indicated when a mandibular tori precludes the use of a
lingual bar
• Swing-lock design
•Contraindicated with shallow labial/buccal vestibules and in
patients with poor OH
•used in tooth-supported unilateral edentulous situations

•Both straps needs to cross the midline at right angle

• Indicated in patients with torus palatinus
• Can be used with any Kennedy class
• Used most frequently in Classes II and IV

• Reproduction of the rugae area contours ➔ Maintains

rigidity and facilitates speech production
• When the last remaining abutment tooth on either side of
a Class I arch is the canine or first premolar tooth,
complete palatal coverage is strongly advised, especially
when the residual ridges have undergone excessive vertical
resorption ➔ Maximize support and resistance

• Lack of rigidity
• Avoid as much as possible
• Indicated with where A-P strap is not possible to place
because of a torus that extends posteriorly ➔ Maximise tissue
coverage as much as possible + Increase the number of rests

• Palatal bar connector component is less than 8

mm in width
• To increase the rigidity, the thickness of the bar
is increased ➔ Uncomfortable for the patient!
• The use of Single palatal bar major connectors
should be avoided

• Similar to Single Palatal Bar

• The use of A-P palatal bars major connector
should be avoided due to rigidity concerns
For posterior teeth.
*Rounded triangular shape that tapers gradually, with the base towards the
proximal surface (marginal ridge) and the apex towards the center of the occlusal
surface (central fossa).
* It should be as long as it is wide, and the base of the triangle should be at least
2.5 mm for both molars and premolars (width buccolingually = 2.5 mm).
*A reduction of the marginal ridge of approximately 1.5 mm is usually necessary
➔Interocclusal space
* The floor of the occlusal rest seat should be concave (spoon-shaped), and
apical to the marginal ridge and the occlusal surface.
• The angle formed by the occlusal rest and the vertical minor connector from
which it originates should be less than 90 degrees

• Used in modification 1, Kennedy class II, and Kennedy class III in

situations in which the most posterior abutment is a mesially tipped molar
to minimize further tipping of the abutment and to ensure the forces are
directed down along the axis of the abutment (when we have a tooth-
bounded space with tilted distal posterior abutment tooth)
• we can’t use normal occlusal rest in this case because the angle will be
too sharp
• Extends more than one half of the mesiodistal width of the tooth (in the
fissure)
• Covers approximately one third of the buccolingual width of the tooth
and allows for a minimum of 1 mm thickness of the metal.

• Indications are similar to extended occlusal rest; however,the cusps of the

abutment tooth are destructed
• The tooth preparation must include removing or restoring pits, fissures, and
grooves; and a 1 – 2 mm guiding plane on the mesial surface of the abutment.
• Place a 1 – 2 mm bevel on the buccal and lingual occlusal surfaces for
stability.

• Back-to-back occlusal rests in interproximal area

• Used in areas where there’s no missing teeth or
edentulous area (ex: Kennedy class II)

• Indicated in Kennedy class III cases (especially when the abutment teeth
are maxillary first premolars), and when the patient has high aesthetic
demands or a high smile line (when smiling, the whole premolar tooth and the
gingiva appear).
• Rest preparation is similar to amalgam cavity preparation, except that the
walls should be divergent.
• The main advantages of the internal rest are that it facilitates the
elimination of a visible clasp arm buccally and permits the location of the rest
seat in a more favorable position in relation to the tipping axis (horizontal) of
the abutment.
 • Mainly on canines ➔ Mandibular are more challenging
• Central incisors may be used ➔ Place on more than one incisor
• we can use cingulum rests on canines and incisors, maxillary canine is
the best ➔ then mandibular canine ➔ and about incisors we can use only
maxillary central incisors, maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular
incisors are very difficult to make cingulum rests on them because their
cingulum is very small, that means once I start to prepared the tooth I
will be very close to the pulp.

• At the incisal angles of anterior teeth

• Least preferred ➔ Force are not effectively directed along the
long axis of the tooth
• When cingulum rests are not possible➔ Flat cingulum
~ if the cingulum is very small and I can’t use cingulum rest I
have three options to do:
1.Cast rest seat
2.Composite build up
3. Incisal rest
• More suitable for the mandibular canine ➔ Aesthetics
• Rounded notch at the incisal angle of a canine or on the incisal
edge of an incisor, with the deepest portion of the preparation
apical to the incisal edge.
• The notch should be beveled both labially and lingually, and
the lingual enamel should be partly shaped to accommodate the
rigid minor connector connecting the rest to the framework.
• An incisal rest seat should be approximately 2.5 mm wide, and
1.5 mm deep angled toward the tooth

• First “go to” unless indicated otherwise.

• Composed of buccal and lingual arm originating occlusally
(occlusal Rest) from a common body.
• Supported by one rest (occlusal Rest).
• Engages an undercut on the abutment tooth surface away
from the edentulous area to the farthest point.
• Runs from the area with smallest undercut to greatest undercut.
• Surrounds the tooth more than 180.

• A variation of the circumferential clasp

• Encircles nearly all of a tooth from its point of origin
• Supported by two rests!
• Indicated when the undercut on the abutment tooth is located near the
edentulous area and on mesially tilted molars

> a variation of the circumferential clasp. In which two circumferential clasps are
placed back-to-back (similar to interproximal rest) with two retentive arms and two
Retentive and reciprocal clasp arms reciprocal arms.
are bilaterally or diagonally opposed. ✓ The width of the clasp is 2mm, each arm is 1mm.
✓ usually, the retentive arm is buccal, • Indicated with non-modified Kennedy Class II, Class III and Class IV cases on the
and the reciprocal arm is lingual abutments on the non- edentulous side
✓ We can switch that in one tooth • Sufficient space) 1.5mm occlusogingivaly) must be provided using a
(diagonal pattern) but not both diamond bur between the abutment teeth in their occlusal third to make room for
the common body of the embrasure clasp (Occlusal Channel).
D • Known as RPI system in which Mesial occlusal rest (represent R), Distal
Proximal guiding plate (P) and I-bar retentive clasp arm (I).
• The I-bar (may be T or Y shape) originate from the major connector should
be located in the gingival third of the buccal or labial surface of the
abutment where it curves upward to engage the undercut.
• The whole arm of the I-bar should be tapered to its terminus to be flexible,
with no more than 2 mm of its tip contacting the abutment tooth.
• The retentive tip doesn’t originate from the occlusal rest; it contacts the
tooth from the undercut to the height of contour.
• The horizontal portion (the portion extending from the major
connector), of the approach arm must be located at least 4 mm from the
gingival margin and even farther if possible.
• The undercut is located at the greatest Mesiodistal or mesial (away from
the edentulous span) prominence of the abutment tooth where the tip will
should never engage the distal undercut engage.
• The retentive arm can have different variations but all resemble the same
function and principles T, modified T, I or Y shapes.

➢ Indications of the RPI system:

• Reduce stress on the abutment teeth (in the distal extension base:
Kennedy Class I & II,
especially in the mandibular dentures)
• Hiding the clasp tip in aesthetic areas like max. premolars ➔ Not as visible
as the
circumferential clasp.
✓ Because the clasp come from the gingival area toward the gingival third in
which the
body of the clasp is hidden unlike the occlusal.
➢ Contraindications of the RPI:
• Tissue undercut is more than 2mm within 3mm of the gingival margin of the
abutment tooth, it cannot be used, instead RPA is used
• Severe buccal or lingual tilting of the abutment tooth already there will be
no undercut
• Shallow buccal sulcus (less than 4mm) we mentioned above that in order
for the RPI to be used the distance between the horizontal arm in the
extending from the major connector residing in the sulcus should be 4mm,
so if the sulcus is shallow this distance won’t exist so it is contraindicated.
• The only available is located Distobuccally (close in edentulous area) ideal
undercut in mid or mesial area .
• In all previous cases we use RPA

• A variation of the RPI ➔ Mesial rest, Distal proximal plate and Aker’s clasp
• Used when the RPI system is indicated but is not possible to use