SEMESTER II

Discipline : CIVIL ENGINEERING

Stream : CE2
 CODE COURSE NAME CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
ADVANCED NUMERICAL DISCIPLINE
222TCE100 3 0 0 3
METHODS CORE 2

Preamble: For solving complex problems in mechanics and engineering, a post-

graduate student must be well versed in numerical methods along with skills to
apply them. This course equips the student with various numerical techniques that
finds applications in civil engineering, across various streams (specialisations).
Special focus is given to finite element method, explaining the relevance, versatility
and fundamental concepts of this numerical tool.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course, the student will be able to

CO 1 Obtain the solution of simultaneous Linear system of equations

CO 2 Obtain the numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations
CO 3 Obtain the numerical solutions for solving boundary value problems of
partial differential equations
CO 4 Describe the terminologies, applications or procedure of finite element
method
CO 5 Describe or apply the concept of finite element method

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7
CO 1 3 3
CO 2 3 3
CO 3 3 3
CO 4 1 2 2 2 2
CO 5 3 2 2 2
(1-Weak, 2-Medium, 3- strong)

Assessment Pattern

End Semester
Bloom’s Category
Examination
Apply 25
Analyse 25
Evaluate 5
Create 5

Mark distribution

Total ESE
CIE ESE
Marks Duration

100 40 60 2.5 hours

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern: 40 marks

Preparing a review article based on peer reviewed original publications (Minimum

10 publications shall be referred) : 15 marks

Course based task/Seminar/Data collection and interpretation : 15 marks

Test paper, 1 no. : 10 marks

Test paper shall include minimum 80% of the syllabus.

Note: Enough opportunity to explore the practical examples from specialization

should be given to the students. One assignment/course project should be based
on the coding or use of packages

End Semester Examination Pattern: 60 marks

The end semester examination will be conducted by the University. There will be
two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A will contain 5 numerical/short answer
questions with 1 question from each module, having 5 marks for each question
(such questions shall be useful in the testing of knowledge, skills, comprehension,
application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation and understanding of the students).
Students should answer all questions. Part B will contain 7 questions (such
questions shall be useful in the testing of overall achievement and maturity of the
students in a course, through long answer questions relating to
theoretical/practical knowledge, derivations, problem solving and quantitative
evaluation), with minimum one question from each module of which student
should answer any five. Each question can carry 7 marks.
Model Question Paper

QP CODE:

Reg No.:_______________

Name:__________________________ ___

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY FIRST SEMESTER

M.TECH. DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH & YEAR

Course Code: XXXXXX

ADVANCED NUMERICAL METHODS

Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2.5 hours

PART A

(Answer ALL questions; each question carries 5 marks)

1. Explain the procedure of solution of Tridiagonal systems

2. Explain single shooting method for solving Boundary value problems
3. Explain the parabolic and elliptic partial differential equations with examples
4. Explain any five practical applications of Finite element in the con
5. Explain Generalised coordinates and Natural coordinates in Finite Element
analysis

PART B

(Answer any FIVE questions; each question carries 7 marks)

6. Solve the system of equations by Jacobi’s iteration considering initial

approximation as [0.5, -0.5, 0.5]T

4 x1 + x 2 + x3 = 2

x1 + 5 x 2 + 2 x3 = −6

x1 + 2 x 2 + 3 x3 = −4

7. Solve y’=x2+y for y=0.1, given that y(0)=1 considering h=0.05 using (i)
Eulers method and (ii) Runge Kutta method
8. Solve the equation uxx + uyy = 0 for the square mesh with boundary value
as shown in figure
  ∂u   ∂ u 
2
9. Solve   =  2  subject to the conditions u(x,0)= sin(πx) for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 u(0,
 ∂t   ∂x 
t)=u(1, t)=0. Perform the computations of two levels taking h=1/3and t=1/36
using Crank Nicolson implicit scheme
10. Explain in detail the steps of finite element analysis
11. Explain forms of shape functions in finite element analysis
12. Explain the convergence criteria in finite element applications in detail

*********************************

Syllabus

Module 1 (7 hours)

Solutions of simultaneous Linear Systems of Equations- Solution of linear systems

– Direct methods, Gauss-Jordan Method-Method of factorization- Solution of
Tridiagonal Systems. Solution by matrix decomposition Iterative methods: Jacobi,
Gauss-Siedel iteration for ordinary and sparse systems, Convergence of iterative
solution schemes with examples.
Module 2 (7 hours)

Solving Ordinary Differential Equations- The Elementary Theory of Initial-Value

Problems -Euler's Method- Higher-Order Taylor Methods. Runge-Kutta Method-
Introduction to solution methods for differential algebraic equations- Single
shooting method for solving ODE-BVPs.
Module 3 (7 hours)
Partial differential equations in two dimensions- Parabolic equations- Explicit finite
difference method. Crank-Nicholson implicit method - Ellipse equations- Finite
difference method-Problems with irregular boundaries.
Module 4 (7 hours)
Introduction to Finite Element Method – Historical Background — Mathematical
Modeling of field problems in Engineering — Governing Equations — Discrete and
continuous models — Boundary, Initial and Eigen Value problems– Basic concepts
of the Finite Element Method- Displacement approach-Concept of Stiffness Matrix
and Boundary Condition-- General procedure of FEA
Module5 (7 hours)

Concept of Finite Element Method- Concept of Nodes, elements, Generalised

coordinates and Natural coordinates in FEA. Shape functions – Polynomials -
Lagrangian and Hermitian Interpolation –- Compatibility - C0 and C1 elements -
Convergence criteria - Conforming & nonconforming elements. Development of
element matrices for one dimensional elements.
Text Books

1.Gupta,S.K. Numerical Methods for Engineers. Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 1995.

2. Cook, RD. Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis , Wiley.

Reference Books
1. Gilbert Strang, Linear Algebra and its Applications (4th Ed.), Wellesley
Cambridge Press 2009
2. Gourdin, A. and M Boumhrat. Applied Numerical Methods.Prentice Hall India,
New Delhi 2000
3. Chopra S.C. and Canale R.P. Numerical Methods for Engineers,McGraw Hill
2006
4. Krishnamoorthy C S, Finite Element Analysis- Theory and Programming, Tata
McGraw Hill, New Delhi., 1994
5. Rao, SS. Finite Element Analysis, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann
6. Gerald and Wheatly, Applied Numerical Analysis, Pearson Education.
7. Rajasekharan S., Numerical Methods in Science and Engineering, S Chand &
Company, 2003.
8. Bathe K J, Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis, Prentice Hall, New
Delhi. 1982
9. Chandrupatla T R and Belegundu A D, Introduction to Finite Elements in
Engineering, Pearson Education, New Delhi 1998
10. Rajasekharan S, Finite Element Analysis in Engineering Design, Wheeler, New
Delhi
11. Hutton D V, Fundamentals of Finite Element Analysis, Tata McGraw Hill
Education Private Ltd, New Delhi
.
 CODE COURSE NAME CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
DIGITAL IMAGE PROGRAM
222TCE002 3 0 0 3
PROCESSING CORE 3

Preamble: The general objective of this course is to introduce the concept of digital image
acquisition, processing, display, and analysis. After completion of the course the student will
be able to rectify and restore satellite data and to use it for potentialapplicationsusing various
techniques and tools of digital image processing.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO 1 Understand the principles of photogrammetry

CO 2 Understand the various aspects of remote sensing and its data acquisition
Identify suitable type of remote sensing technique for a real world problem and
CO 3
analyse it
CO 4 Understand and apply the concepts of visual image interpretation
CO 5 Understand and apply the basic concept of digital image processing

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7
CO 1 2 1 2 2 3 1 1
CO 2 2 1 2 2 3 1 1
CO 3 2 1 2 2 3 1 1
CO 4 2 1 2 2 3 1 1
CO 5 2 1 2 2 3 1 1

Assessment Pattern

Bloom’s Category End Semester Examination

Apply 25
Analyse 21
Evaluate 7
Create 7

Mark distribution

Total Marks CIE ESE ESE Duration

100 40 60 2.5 hours

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Micro project/Course based project: 20 marks

Course based task/Seminar/Quiz: 10 marks
Test paper, 1 no.: 10 marks
The project shall be done individually. Group projects not permitted. Test papershall include
minimum 80% of the syllabus.

End Semester Examination Pattern:

The end semester examination will be conducted by the University. There will be two parts;
Part A and Part B. Part A contain 5 numerical questions (such questionsshall be useful in the
testing of knowledge, skills, comprehension, application,analysis, synthesis, evaluation and
understanding of the students), with 1 questionfrom each module, having 5 marks for each
question. Students shall answer allquestions. Part B contains 7 questions (such questions shall
be useful in the testingof overall achievement and maturity of the students in a course,
through long answerquestions relating to theoretical/practical knowledge, derivations,
problem solvingand quantitative evaluation), with minimum one question from each module
of whichstudent shall answer any five. Each question can carry 7 marks. Total duration of
theexamination will be 150 minutes

Note: The marks obtained for the ESE for an elective course shall not exceed20% over the
average ESE mark % for the core courses. ESE marks awarded to a student for each elective
course shall be normalized accordingly. For example if the average end semester mark % for
a core course is 40, then the maximum eligible mark % for an elective course is 40+20 = 60
%.
 Model Question Paper

Maximum mark: 60 Duration: 2.5 hours

PART A
(Answer all questions from part A, each full question carries 5 mark)

1. With the help of neat sketches explain image histograms and scatterplots. (5)

2. Explain the various steps in convolution (5)

3. What are image resolution pyramids? Write down their advantages. (5)
4. Distinguish between spatial pattern recognition and spectral pattern recognition (5)
5. Write down the various types of redundancies exist on images that facilitate data (5)
compression.
PART B
(Answer any 5 full questions from part B, each full question carries 7 mark)

6. List the various formats used for the storage of multi-spectral remote sensing data. (7)
Explain any three.
7 What is meant by contrast stretching? Explain the linear and non-linear contrast (7)
stretching methods.

8. Mention the advantages of band ratios in image processing. Explain any two image (7)
indices.
9. Explain the various steps in principal component transformation. (7)
10. Make a comparison between minimum distance to mean classifier and maximum (7)
likelihood classifier.
11. Write any one method for calculating the accuracy of classified images. (7)
12. Explain the fuzzy approaches in image classifications. (7)
Syllabus and Course Plan

No. of
No Topic
Lectures
1 Module 1 Total Lecture hours: 8
1.1 Satellite Images: Data collection, recording and handling, 1
1.2 Digital image data formats, Image data storage and retrieval, Data products 3
Image rectification and restoration: Geometric and Radiometric
1.3 3
corrections,Noiseremoval
1.4 Imagestatistics,Histograms,andScatter plots 1
2 Module 2 Total Lecture hours: 8
2.1 Image enhancement:Point, local and regionaloperations, Convolution 1
2.2 Contrast manipulation: Grey level thresholding and Contrast Stretching 2
Spatial feature manipulation: Spatial filtering - Lowpass and high pass
2.3 3
filters, Edge enhancement, Frequency transformation (Fourier transforms)
Texture enhancement: Morphological filters, Gradient filters, Box-filter
2.4 2
algorithm
3 Module 3 Total Lecture hours: 8
3.1 Multi-image manipulation: Multispectral band ratios and differencing. 2
3.2 Vegetation components and image indices. 2
3.3 Principal component analysis, IHS transformation 3
3.4 Image resolution pyramids, Image fusion. 1
4 Module 4 Total Lecture hours: 8
Image classification approaches: Spectral, and Spatial pattern recognitions,
4.1 Parametric and non-parametric classifications, Hard and soft classification 2
approaches.
4.2 Unsupervised classification - Single pass and Iterative classifications. 2
Supervised classification: Minimum distance to mean, Parallelepiped,
4.3 4
Maximum likelihood, Baye’s methods, and Decision tree classifier
5 Module 5 Total Lecture hours: 8

5.1 Post classification smoothing; Evaluation of accuracy; Change detection 2

methods.
5.2 Spatial segmental classification, and sub pixel classification 2
5.3 ANN and Fuzzy approaches in image classification 3
5.4 Data compression techniques, Data scaling. 1

Reference Books
1. John R. Jensen, Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective,
4thEdition, Pearson,2015.
2. Paul M. Mather, Magaly Koch, Computer Processing of Remotely Sensed Images:
An Introduction, Wiley- Black Well,2010
3. Robert A. Schowengerdt, Remote sensing models & methods for image
processing,AcademicPress, 2012.
4. John A.Richards, Springer – Verlag, Remate Sensing Digital Image Analysis 5th
Edition,2012.
5. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, 4th Edition,
PrenticeHall, 2018.
6. DudaR.O.andHartP.E.,PatternClassificationandSceneAnalysis,JohnWileyandSons.
7. William K. Pratt,Digital Image Processing, 4th Edition, Wiley, 2007.
 COURSE
COURSE NAME CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
CODE
222PEC100 MINI PROJECT PROJECT 0 0 4 2

Mini project can help to strengthen the understanding of student’s fundamentals

through application of theoretical concepts and to boost their skills and widen the
horizon of their thinking. The ultimate aim of an engineering student is to resolve
a problem by applying theoretical knowledge. Doing more projects increases
problem solving skills.

The introduction of mini projects ensures preparedness of students to undertake

dissertation. Students should identify a topic of interest in consultation with PG
Programme Coordinator that should lead to their dissertation/research project.
Demonstrate the novelty of the project through the results and outputs.The
progress of the mini project is evaluated based on three reviews, two interim
reviews and a final review. A report is required at the end of the semester.

Evaluation Committee - Programme Coordinator, One Senior Professor and Guide.

Sl. No Type of evaluations Mark Evaluation criteria

1 Interim evaluation 1 20
2 Interim evaluation 2 20
3 Final evaluation by 35 Will be evaluating the level of
a Committee completion and
demonstration of functionality/
specifications, clarity of
presentation, oral
examination, work knowledge
and involvement

4 Report 15 the committee will be evaluating

for the technical content,
adequacy of references,
templates followed and permitted
plagiarism level( not more than
25% )

5 Supervisor/Guide 10
Total Marks 100
 CODE COURSE NAME CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
GEOINFORMATICS LABORATORY
222LCE001 0 0 2 1
LABORATORY 2 2

Preamble: The general objective of this course is to give a hands-on training on the various
methods of image rectification and restoration, image enhancement, and classification using
remotely sensed images. It also aims to give training on the detailed analysis of spatial data
using GIS software.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO 1 To understand the image rectification and restoration techniques

CO 2 To study the various image enhancements using multispectral satellite data
CO 3 To perform image classification & accuracy assessment from satellite and ground
truth data
CO 4 To understand the various operations in GIS using raster and vector data
CO 5 To perform advanced GIS operations using network data set in GIS.

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7
CO 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 0
CO 2 2 2 1 2 3 1 0
CO 3 2 2 1 2 3 1 0
CO 4 2 2 1 2 3 1 0
CO 5 2 2 1 2 3 1 0

Assessment Pattern

The laboratory courses will be having only Continuous Internal Evaluation andcarries 100
marks. Final assessment shall be done by two examiners; one examinerwill be a senior faculty
from the same department
Syllabus and Course Plan

No Topic No. of
Lectures
1 RS Images: Radiometric corrections 2
2 RS Images: Merging and Segmentation 1
3 RS Images: Noise Removal 1
4 RS Images: Contrast Manipulation 1
5 RS Images: Edge Enhancement 1
6 RS Images: Spatial Filtering 2
7 RS Images: spectral ratios 2
8 RS Images: principal component analysis 1
9 RS Images: Unsupervised classification 1
10 RS Images: Supervised classification and Accuracy assessment 2
11 GIS: Raster analysis - Arithmetic overlaying and logical overlaying 2
12 GIS: Vector analysis -buffering, overlay and network analysis 4
13 GIS:DEM and TIN Analysis - Slope, Aspect, Hill shade, Viewshed, and 4
Drainagenetwork
14 GIS: Customization and scripting 2

Reference Books

1. John R. Jensen, Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective,

4thEdition, Pearson, 2015.
2. Paul M. Mather, Magaly Koch, Computer Processing of Remotely Sensed Images:
AnIntroduction, Wiley- Black Well, 2010
3. Kang-tsung Chang, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems: 9th Edition
4. Borden D Dent, Jeff Torguson, Thomas W. Hodler, Cartography: Thematic Map
Design, 6thEdition, McGraw-Hill Education, 2008
5. Dimitris Ballas, Graham Clarke, Rachel S. Franklin, Andy Newing, GIS and Network
Analysis, 1st edition, Routledge, 2017
6. NRSC Land-use/Landcover Manual
 SEMESTER II
PROGRAM ELECTIVE III
 CODE COURSE NAME CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
PROGRAM
222ECE012 ADVANCED GIS 3 0 0 3
ELECTIVE 3

Preamble: Objective of the course is to provide knowledge on methods of interpolation,

terrain mapping and analysis and modelling using GIS and to impart knowledge on webGIS
and its application in various fields.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO 1 Analyse and select interpolation techniques in GIS

CO 2 Apply the principles of GIS for terrain mapping and analysis
CO 3 Apply the principles of GIS for view shed, water shed and network analysis
CO 4 Apply the GIS analysis techniques for modelling
CO 5 Analyse the application of GIS for web mapping

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7
CO 1 3 1 3 3 2 2 3
CO 2 3 1 3 3 2 2 3
CO 3 3 1 3 3 3 2 3
CO 4 3 1 3 3 3 2 3
CO 5 2 1 2 2 3 3 2

Assessment Pattern

Bloom’s Category End Semester Examination

Apply 25
Analyse 25
Evaluate 5
Create 5

Mark distribution

Total CIE ESE ESE

Marks Duration
100 40 60 2.5 hours
Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Preparing a review article based on peer reviewed

Original publications (minimum 10 publications shall be referred) : 15 marks
Course based task/Seminar/Data collection and interpretation : 15 marks
Test paper, 1 no. : 10 marks
Test paper shall include minimum 80% of the syllabus.

End Semester Examination Pattern:

The end semester examination will be conducted by the respective College. There will be two
parts; Part A and Part B. Part A will contain 5 numerical/short answer questions with 1
question from each module, having 5 marks for each question (such questions shall be useful
in the testing of knowledge, skills, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation
and understanding of the students). Students should answer all questions. Part B will contain
7 questions (such questions shall be useful in the testing of overall achievement and maturity
of the students in a course, through long answer questions relating to theoretical/practical
knowledge, derivations, problem solving and quantitative evaluation), with minimum one
question from each module of which student should answer any five. Each question can carry
7 marks.
Note: The marks obtained for the ESE for an elective course shall not exceed 20% over the
average ESE mark % for the core courses. ESE marks awarded to a student for each elective
course shall be normalized accordingly. For example if the average end semester mark % for
a core course is 40, then the maximum eligible mark % for an elective course is 40+20 = 60
%.
Model Question paper

Course Code & Name:

XXXX ADVANCED GIS
Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2.5 hours

PART A
(Answer all Questions: Each question carries 5 marks)

1 What are the criteria in collecting data for spatial interpolation?

2 What is Delaunay triangulation?
3 What are the factors influencing watershed analysis?
4 Enumerate the steps in GIS project management
5 Differentiate between static and dynamic web mapping.
PART B
(Answer any five questions: Each carries 7 marks)

6 Explain the global method of interpolation.

7 The concentration of Zinc at four neighbouring points are given below in ppm. Find the
concentration at the point 5 using trend surface using first order polynomials.
No. X Y Z
1 1637 2651 8.06
2 1665 2697 8.80
3 1692 2587 6.36
4 1683 2614 7.78
5 1675 2675 ?
8 With an example, explain the TIN data structure highlighting the basic attributes.
9 Explain the significance of slope and aspect in Terrain analysis.
Compute the slope and aspect using Method 1- Fleming and Hoffer [1979], Ritter
[1987]. The cell size is 30 m. The values in the boxes show the elevation in meters.
1006 1012 1017
1010 1015 1019
1012 1017 1020
10 Explain the least cost path analysis and its real life applications.
11 Explain the basic steps in GIS modelling process
12 Enumerate the elements of web GIS and illustrate how a mapping web site interacts with
the end user
Syllabus and Course Plan (For 3 credit courses, the content can be for 40 hrs and for 2
credit courses, the content can be for 26 hrs. The audit course in third semester can have
content for 30 hours).

No. of
No Topic
Lectures
1 Spatial interpolation
Elements of spatial interpolation, Global interpolation- Trend 3
1.1
surface methods, Regression models
Local interpolation-Theissen polygon, nearest neighbours, density 3
1.2
estimation, inverse distance weighting, splines
Optimal interpolation using geostatistics- regionalised variable 3
1.3
theory, variogram models, Kriging methods
2 Terrain mapping and analysis
Digital Elevation models- methods of representation, TIN, DEM, 4
2.1 conversion of TIN to altitude matrix and vice versa, characteristics
of TIN and DEM, Delaunay triangulation
Terrain mapping-contouring, vertical profiling, hill shading; slope 4
2.2 and aspect- computing algorithms using raster and TIN; surface
curvature, Applications of terrain mapping and analysis
3 View shed ,watershed and network analysis
3.1 View shed analysis- parameters, applications, 3
Watershed analysis- operations to delineate watersheds and to 3
3.2 derive features such as stream network, Influencing factors,
applications.
Path analysis- cost distance measures, least cost 3
accumulative path, applications
3.3 Network- geometry and attribute data of road network, putting
together a network, Applications - shortest path analysis, closest
facility, location-allocation.
4 GIS models and GIS modelling
Basic elements in GIS modelling, binary models, index models, 3
4.1
regression models, process model; Case studies
Model builder-Designing a data model; Cartographic modelling in 3
4.2
GIS, GIS project management
5 Web GIS
Web mapping- Types and merits and demerits of web mapping; 4
5.1 Elements of Web GIS, Web GIS architecture, Distributed GIS
model, Map Server, Geoserver, GDAL
Web GIS development cycles, Case studies on application of web 4
5.2
GIS in various fields
Total hours 40
Reference Books

1. Alesheikh, A A, Helali, H, Behroz, H A, Web GIS: Technologies and Its

Applications, Symposium on geospatial theory, processing and applications, 2002
2. Burrough P.P & McDonnel, R.A. Principles of GIS, Oxford University press, 1988
3. Chang.K, Introduction to Geographical information system, Tata Mc-Graw- Hill,2019
4. Panigrahi,N, Geographical information science, University Press,2009
5. Davis,B.E, GIS: A visual approach, 2nd edition, onward press, S Chand &Co, 2001
6. Lo,C.P &Yeung,K.W, Concepts in techniques in Geographical information system,
Second Edition Pierson Prentice Hall,2007
 CODE COURSE NAME CATEGORY L T P CREDIT

REMOTE SENSING AND GIS PROGRAM

222ECE013 APPLICATIONS IN WATER 3 0 0 3
ELECTIVE 3
RESOURCES ENGINEERING

Preamble: This course enables students to get acquainted with the different applications
ofRemote Sensing and GIS in Water resources Engineering.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO 1 Explain the basic principles of hydrologic cycle and hydrologic processes.

CO 2 Explain the use of various RS and GIS products in Water Resources Engineering
CO 3 Explain the concepts of hydrologic modelling
CO 4 Discuss the applications of GIS and Remote sensing in watershed management
CO 5 Discuss the various elements to be considered in the planning phase of multipurpose
river valley projects

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7
CO 1 3 2 3
CO 2 3 2 3
CO 3 3 2 3
CO 4 3 2 3
CO 5 3 2 3

Assessment Pattern

Bloom’s Category End Semester Examination

Apply 40
AnalyseUnderstand 30
EvaluateAnalyse 30
Create

Mark distribution

Total ESE
CIE ESE
Marks Duration

100 40 60 2.5 hours

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Continuous Internal Evaluation: 40 marks

Preparing a review article based on peer reviewed Original publications (minimum 10

publications shall be referred) : 15 marks

Course based task/Seminar/Data collection and interpretation: 15 marks

Test paper, 1 no. : 10 marks

Test paper shall include minimum 80% of the syllabus.

End Semester Examination Pattern:

Total Mark: 60
The end semester examination will be conducted by the respective College. There will be two
parts; Part A and Part B. Part A will contain 5 numerical/short answer questions with 1
question from each module, having 5 marks for each question (such questions shall be useful
in the testing of knowledge, skills, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation
and understanding of the students). Students should answer all questions. Part B will contain
7 questions (such questions shall be useful in the testing of overall achievement and maturity
of the students in a course, through long answer questions relating to theoretical/practical
knowledge, derivations, problem solving and quantitative evaluation), with minimum one
question from each module of which student should answer any five. Each question can carry
7 marks
Model Question Paper

Branch: Civil Engineering

Stream(s): Geoinformatics
222CE….Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Water Resources Engineering

Answer all questions in Part A and any Five full questions from Part B
Limit answers to the required points.

Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2.5 hours

PART A

1.Discuss any three applications of digital elevation models in water resources 5

management.
. 2. Explain the classification of hydrologic models 5
3.Explain the major purposes and benefits of watershed prioritization 5
4. Explain the importance of geological appraisals in river valley projects 5
5.Compare the spectral characteristics of water containing organic impurities and 5
inorganic impurities to that of clear water

PART B
6. Compare spatial and Nonspatial databases with examples 7
7. Explain Reynolds Transport theorem with relevant sketches and proof. 7
8. Explain how USLE can be employed to assess the sediment yield from a catchment. 7
9. Explain in brief the process and procedures of EIA with respect to a river valley 7
project? 7
10. Explain the computation of runoff using SCS Curve number method? 7
11. Discuss the application of GIS and RS in drought monitoring studies 7
12. Discuss whether RS technology is useful for assessing reservoir sedimentation?
Syllabus and Course Plan

Topic No. of
No
Lectures
1 MODULE 1
Basic Principles of Remote sensing and GIS, GIS and Remote
1.1 sensing data products for water resources applications 2

Creation and design of spatial and non-spatial data in water

1.2 resources, DEM applications in water resources 2

1.3 Remote sensing of water, snow and surface water inventory 4

2 MODULE 2
Hydrologic cycle, water budget equation, world water quantities,
2.1 residence time. 2

Hydrologic processes- basic principles - Reynold's Transport

2.2 Theorem, continuity equation, momentum equation, energy 4
equation, discrete time continuity
Systems concept in Hydrology, transfer function operators,
2.3 hydrologic model classification. 2

3 MODULE 3
Watershed hydrology and physical processes in watershed,
Erosion and sediment yield modelling, watershed prioritization,
3.1 watershed conservation planning, steps in watershed modelling, 8
major hydrologic models.

4 MODULE 4
Geo-engineering consideration for investigation of hydel sources,
4.1 river valley project planning, Environmental impact assessment of 8
water resources project.

5 MODULE 5
Applications of GIS and Remote sensing: Drought monitoring,
water balance studies, flood mapping and risk zoning, reservoir
sedimentation, watershed modelling, soil moisture studies, ground
5.1 water modelling, water quality using multi spectral and hyper 8
spectral remote sensing data Infiltration, runoff estimation- SCS-
CN, Evapotranspiration, soil moisture, soil properties.
Reference Books

1. VenTe Chow, Hand book of Applied Hydrology, Mc-Graw Hill, New York, 1964.
2. Keith P. B., Thompson et al.(Ed.), Remote sensing and water resources management,
American water resources association, Urbana Illinois, 1973.
3. Colwel R. N. (Ed.), Manual of remote sensing, vol. I and II, American society of
photogrammetry and Remote sensing, Falls Church, Va., 1983
4. Viessman Jr., W., and G. L. Lewis, "Introduction to Hydrology", 4th ed., Harper-
Collins, New York, 1996
5. Engineering Hydrology by K. Subramanya, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company,
New Delhi.
6. Introduction to Remote Sensing”, (5th Ed.), The Guildford Press, New York, 2012.
7. Lillesand, T.M., Kiefer, R.W. and Chapman, J.W., “Remote Sensing and Image
Interpretation”, (5th Ed.), John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
8. Gupta, R. P., “Remote Sensing Geology”, 2nd Ed., Springer, 2003.
9. Remote sensing of the environment - an earth resource perspective, 2nd ed, Jensen,
John R.Pearson Prentice Hall.
 CODE COURSE NAME CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
DIGITAL TERRAIN PROGRAM
222ECE014 3 0 0 3
MODELLING ELECTIVE 3

Preamble: The general objectives of this course is to enable the students to create, analyse
and interpret digital terrain models

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO 1 To understand various terrain descriptors and sampling strategies

To analyse various data sources for terrain modelling and to differentiate various
CO 2
approaches for generating digital terrain models
CO 3 To create Triangular Irregular networks using different methods
To analyse the quality of digital terrain models and to apply methods to improve the
CO 4
quality by reducing the errors
CO 5 To create contours from digital terrain models
To interpret digital terrain modes and to apply the concepts in various fields of civil
CO 6 engineering

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7
CO 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
CO 2 2 1 3 2 3 1 1
CO 3 2 1 3 2 3 1 1
CO 4 2 1 3 2 3 1 1
CO 5 2 1 3 2 3 1 1
CO 6 2 1 3 2 3 1 1

Assessment Pattern

Bloom’s Category End Semester Examination

Apply 25
Analyse 21
Evaluate 7
Create 7
Mark distribution
Total Marks CIE ESE ESE Duration

100 40 60 2.5 hours

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Preparing a review article based on peer reviewed

Original publications (minimum 10 publications shall be referred): 15 marks
Course based task/Seminar/Data collection and interpretation: 15 marks
Test paper, 1 no. : 10 marks
Test paper shall include minimum 80% of the syllabus.

End Semester Examination Pattern:

The end semester examination will be conducted by the respective college. There will be two
parts; Part A and Part B. Part A contain 5 numerical questions with 1 question from each
module, having 5 marks for each question. Students shall answer all questions. Part B
contains 7 with minimum one question from each module of which student shall answer any
five. Each question can carry 7 marks.
Note: The marks obtained for the ESE for an elective course shall not exceed 20% over the
average ESE mark % for the core courses. ESE marks awarded to a student for each elective
course shall be normalized accordingly. For example if the average end semester mark % for
a core course is 40, then the maximum eligible mark % for an elective course is 40+20 = 60
%.
 Model Question Paper

No. of Pages: 2
Name: __________ C
Register Number: _______________
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
SECOND SEMESTER M.TECH. DEGREE EXAMINATION
Branch: Civil Engineering
Stream: Geoinformatics
Course Code & Name: 222ECE014 Digital Terrain Modelling

Maximum mark: 60 Duration: 2½ hour

PART A
(Answer all questions from part A, each full question carries 5 mark)

1. What is meant by DTM? Explain the difference between a DTM and DEM. (5)

2. Differentiate among discrete, continuous and smooth surfaces. (5)

3. Differentiate between best fitting and exact fitting curved surfaces (5)
4. What is meant by gross errors? What are the methods for the detection of gross errors? (5)
5. Write short notes on tracing and smoothing of contour lines from grid DTM (5)
PART B
(Answer any 5 full questions from part B, each full question carries 7 mark)

6. Explain the various sampling strategies to be adopted for data acquisition. (7)
7 The formation of triangular regular network from grid data using different approaches (7)
may result in different surfaces even though same data set is used for interpolation.
Explain.
8. Explain the point based moving averaging method of interpolation including the (7)
different methods for searching data points and weighing functions
9. Explain the walk-through algorithm for locating the triangle containing a point (7)

10. Discuss how the quality of source data can be judged (7)

11. What are the primary and secondary variables of visualization? Explain. (7)
12. Discuss the applications of digital terrain modelling in civil engineering (7)

------------
Syllabus and Course Plan

Topic No. of
No
Lectures
1 Module 1 Total Lecture hours: 8
Introduction: representation of digital terrain surfaces, DEM,
1.1 2
digital terrain modelling.
Terrain descriptors and sampling strategies: Qualitative and
1.2 2
numeric terrain descriptors,
1.3 terrain roughness vector-slope, relief and wavelength, 1
1.4 sampling strategy for data acquisition, 2
1.5 attributes of sampled data. 1
2 Module 2 Total Lecture hours: 8
2.1 Data acquisition: data sources of DTM, 1
2.2 Radargrammetry, SAR interferrometry 1
2.3 Airbourne laser scanning 1
Digital terrain surface modelling: surface modelling approaches-
2.4 2
point based, triangle based, grid based, hybrid,
2.5 Continuity of DTM surfaces 1
Triangular Network formation for surface modelling, Grid
2.6 2
network formation for surface modelling.
3 Module 3 Total Lecture hours: 8
3.1 Generation of Triangular Irregular Networks: 1
Delaunay triangulation- vector based static, vector based dynamic,
3.2 2
constrained
Triangulation from contour data, triangulation from Voronoi
3.3 1
diagrams
Interpolation techniques for terrain surface modelling: linear
3.4 2
interpolation, bilinear interpolation, bicubic spline interpolation
3.5 least square fitting of local surface, point based moving averaging. 2
4 Module 4 Total Lecture hours: 8
Quality control in terrain data acquisition: sources and types of
4.1 1
errors,
filtering of random errors, detection of errors- gross errors based
4.2 3
on slope information,
4.3 isolated gross errors in irregularly distributed data, 2
cluster of gross errors, gross errors based on topologic relations of
4.4 2
contour.
5 Module 5 Total Lecture hours: 8
5.1 Contouring from digital terrain models: introduction 1
Vector based and raster-based contouring from grid DTM and
5.2 3
Triangular DTM.
 Interpretation of digital terrain models: Terrain parameters-
5.3 2
geometric, morphological, hydrological, visibility
5.4 Application of Digital terrain modelling in civil engineering 2

Reference Books

1. Li, Z., Zhu, Q., and Gold, C., Digital Terrain Modelling Principles and Methodology, CRC
Press, 2005
2. Robert J. Peckham, R. J. &Gyozo Jordan, Digital Terrain Modelling, Development and
Applications in a Policy Support Environment, Springer, 2007
3. Naser El-Sheimy, CaterinaValeo, Digital Terrain Modeling: Acquisition, Manipulation
And Applications, 2005.
4. John P. Wilson & John C. Gallant, Terrain Analysis : Principles and Applications . Wiley,
New York, 2000.
 CODE COURSE NAME CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
PROGRAM
222ECE016 DYNAMIC GEOSYSTEMS 3 0 0 3
ELECTIVE 3

Preamble: The goals of this course is to prepare students to appreciate the interaction of
subsystems of earth, develop awareness about phenomena that occur thereof, understand the
processes that arise due to air-sea interaction and their impact on climate and terrestrial
organisations.

Course Outcomes: The COs shown are only indicative. For each course, there can be 4 to 6
COs.

After the completion of the course the student will be able to

Explain the effects of interactions of subsystems of earth, the controlling feedback

CO 1 system, their spinoffs and resultant phenomena

Appraise geological agents and their respective erosion, transportation and

CO 2 deposition regimes and effects thereof.

Evaluate/investigate the outcomes of lithospheric plate movements on the terrestrial

CO 3 characters and features. .

Apply acquaintance of concepts to regard natural processes and forms as

CO 4 manifestations of interface between component systems and geodynamic procedures

Develop an understanding of oceanic circulation, productivity, their controls and

CO 5 consequences on climate and life of earth.

Understand/identify the processes, manifestations and consequences of air-sea

CO 6 interaction.

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7
CO 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 1
CO 2 2 2 3 3 3 1
CO 3 3 3 3 2 2
CO 4 2 3 3 3 2 2 1
CO 5 3 2 3 2 2 3
CO 6 2 3 2 2 3 1
Assessment Pattern

Bloom’s Category End Semester Examination

Apply 50
Analyse 25
Evaluate 25
Create

Mark distribution

Total ESE
CIE ESE
Marks Duration

100 40 60 2.5 hours

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Preparing a review article based on peer reviewed original publications (minimum 10

publications shall be referred): 15 marks

Course based task/Seminar/Data collection and interpretation: 15 marks

Test paper, 1 no.: 10 marks

End Semester Examination Pattern:

Part A will contain 5 numerical/short answer questions with 1 question from each module,
having 5 marks for each question
Part B will contain 7 questions with minimum one question from each module of which
student should answer any five. Each question can carry 7 marks.
Model Question Paper

No. of Pages:

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

FIRST SEMESTER M.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, DECEMBER 2022
Branch: Civil Engineering
Stream(s): Geoinformatics
Course Code & Name: ---------, Dynamic Earth Systems
Limit answers to the required points. Draw figures wherever necessary.
Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2.5 hours

PART A
All questions are compulsory. Each question carries five marks.
1. Explain graded streams 5
2. Cold ocean currents may rise to deserts. Assess. 5
3. Moon does not have a magnetic field due absence of liquid core. Justify. 5
4. Evaluate the importance of primary productivity on climate. 5
5. Explain adiabatic lapse rate. 5
PART B
Answer any five questions. Each questions carries seven marks.
6. Describe polar wandering. Justify the term. 7
7. The longitudinal profile of a stream has a direct bearing on the tectonic 7
character of the region. Evaluate this statement.
8. The patterns of palaeomagnetism of rock at plate margins are evidences of 7
plate movements. Assess.
9. a. Why arid regions are generally centered around 35°N and S latitudes. 4
b. Relate between wind direction and type of dune formed. 3
10 a. Evaluate equatorial counter currents. 4
.
b. Assess the reputed blue colour of seawater. 3
11 Describe Hadley circulation cell and its formation. 7
12 Discuss the significance of Reynolds and Froude numbers. 4
Syllabus and Course Plan(For 3 credit courses, the content can be for 40 hrs and for 2 credit
courses, the content can be for 26 hrs. The audit course in third semester can have content for
30 hours).

No Topic No. of
Lectures
1 Fluvial Processes 8
1.1 River channel- basic mechanics, flow and resistance factors 2
1.2 Relation between channel width, depth and flow velocity,
3
sediment transport, entrainment
1.3 Interaction between rivers, equilibrium and time, longitudinal
3
profile, baselevel
2 The work of wind and deserts
2.1 Deserts- distribution and controls, desert assemblages and features 4
2.2 The geomorphic work of wind- features and mechanisms. 4
3 Tectonic Dynamics 8
3.1 Palaeomagnetism, implications in plate tectonics, Vine-Matthew’s
4
hypothesis, Sea-floor spreading
3.2 Polar wandering,plate tectonics in relation to earthquakes,
4
connotations of tectonics on climate.
4 Oceans 8
4.1 Physical properties of sea water- characters of water molecule,
temperature, light, salinity, conductivity, density, sound, colour of 3
sea water
4.2 Ocean circulation- surface currents- Ekman transport, western
intensification, counter currents; Deep currents, implications of 3
currents on climate
4.3 Biological productivity- primary productivity, marine organisms,
2
distribution in oceans, energy transfer, trophic levels
5 Atmospheric circulation and Air-Sea Interaction8
5.1 Atmospheric moisture- water vapour content, adiabatic lapse rates,
3
clouds and their formation, precipitation
5.2 Atmospheric circulation- global wind systems, jet streams 2
5.3 Global thermohaline circulation and conveyor belt, climatic
3
implications, ENSO and Walker circulation, air masses and fronts.

Reference Books

1. Carlson, DH, Plummer, CC and McGreary, D Physical Geology: Earth Revealed

McGraw Hill New York, 2006
2. Chorley, RJ, Schumm, SA and Sugden, DE. Geomorphology, Methuen & Co., 1984
3. Critchfield H. General Climatology Prentice Hall, New Delhi, 1983
4. Garrison, T. Oceanography: An Invitation to Marine Science: Brooks/Cole; New
York, 2015
5. Pinet PR. Oceanography – An Introduction to the Planet Oceanus, West Publishing
Co, 1992
6. Ritter, DF, Kochel, RC and Miller, JR. Process Geomorphology Wm.C. Brown
Publishers New York, 1995
7. Rohli, R and Vega, AJ. Climatology, Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2011
8. Wallace, JM and Hobbs, PV.Atmospheric Science: An Introductory Survey,
Academic Press, 2006
 SEMESTER II
PROGRAM ELECTIVE IV
 CODE COURSE NAME CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
FUNDAMENTALS OF PROGRAM
222ECE018 3 0 0 3
CARTOGRAPHY ELECTIVE 4

Preamble: Objective of the course is to impart knowledge on cartography, preparation and

compilation of maps, and map design

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

To understand the concept of maps and cartographic problem associated with earth
CO 1
shape
CO 2 To interpret topographical maps and to compile maps from other maps
CO 3 To create terrain and thematic maps from spatial and nonspatial data
CO 4 To use the principles of map design in map making
To create maps by placing the elements considering both artistic and utilitarian
CO 5
aspects

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7
CO 1 3 2 3 2 1 2 2
CO 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 2
CO 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2
CO 4 3 3 3 2 2 3 3
CO 5 3 3 2 3 3 2 3

Assessment Pattern

Bloom’s Category End Semester Examination

Apply 25
Analyse 25
Evaluate 5
Create 5

Mark distribution

Total CIE ESE ESE

Marks Duration
100 40 60 2.5 hours
Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Preparing a review article based on peer reviewed

Original publications (minimum 10 publications shall be referred) : 15 marks
Course based task/Seminar/Data collection and interpretation : 15 marks
Test paper, 1 no. : 10 marks
Test paper shall include minimum 80% of the syllabus.

End Semester Examination Pattern:

The end semester examination will be conducted by the respective College. There will be two
parts; Part A and Part B. Part A will contain 5 numerical/short answer questions with 1
question from each module, having 5 marks for each question (such questions shall be useful
in the testing of knowledge, skills, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation
and understanding of the students). Students should answer all questions. Part B will contain
7 questions (such questions shall be useful in the testing of overall achievement and maturity
of the students in a course, through long answer questions relating to theoretical/practical
knowledge, derivations, problem solving and quantitative evaluation), with minimum one
question from each module of which student should answer any five. Each question can carry
7 marks.
Note: The marks obtained for the ESE for an elective course shall not exceed 20% over the
average ESE mark % for the core courses. ESE marks awarded to a student for each elective
course shall be normalized accordingly. For example if the average end semester mark % for
a core course is 40, then the maximum eligible mark % for an elective course is 40+20 = 60
%.
Model Question Paper

Course Code & Name:

XXXX FUNDAMENTALS OF CARTOGRAPHY

Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2.5 hours

PART A
(Answer all Questions: Each question carries 5 marks)

1 What are the different types of maps? Explain.

2 Explain the procedure for the interpretation of topographical maps
3 What are the different types of qualitative maps? Explain.
4 Write short notes on constraints in map design.
5 Write short notes on modifying the font in a map.
PART B
(Answer any five questions: Each carries 7 marks)

6 “Every good map must have a scale to tell its reader what to expect in the way of
details” Justify. How to determine the scale of a map if it is not given?
7 Explain the methods of collecting data other than geodetic and plane surveys.
8 What is meant by complex thematic map? What are the problems in thematic mapping?
9 Explain the theory of visual perception and fundamental elements of visual outline.
10 Explain the best practices and style adopted for any five elements of a map layout.
11 What are the different types of map projections? Explain.
12 Explain the method of representation of terrain by contouring and common land forms
represented by it.

Syllabus and Course Plan (For 3 credit courses, the content can be for 40 hrs and for 2
credit courses, the content can be for 26 hrs. The audit course in third semester can have
content for 30 hours).

No. of
No Topic
Lectures
1 Maps
1.1 Types of maps, Uses 2
Nature and Scope of Cartography-Artistic leanings, scientific
bases, branches
1.2 Earth as a cartographic problem- Shape, Gravity and 3
Dimensions of the Earth
Scales and their functions-Notation, construction of graphic scales
Directions and coordinates, Geographic coordinates
1.3 Map projections-An ideal projection, compromises of existing 3
projections, Types of projections, Cartographic coverage of the
world
2 Interpretation of maps and data and compiling from other maps
2.1 Interpretation of topographical sheets, cultural details 2
2.2 Collection and interpretation of statistical data- Socio-geographic 3
survey, library research, Interpretation methods- Frequency
distribution, deviation or variability, normal curve and probability,
correlation, correlation matrix
2.3 Compiling maps from other maps- Methods for enlargement and 3
reduction of maps, Procedure for compilation
3 Terrain mapping and thematic mapping
3.1 Terrain mapping-Methods of representation, Common landforms 3
represented by contours, Relief indication by curves,
3.2 Thematic mapping-qualitative and quantitative mapping, 3
Complex thematic map, problems in thematic map
3.3 Mapping socio-economic data-mapping the qualitative data and 2
quantitative data- various methods
4 Map design and GIS cartography
4.1 Map Design and layout- Principle of map design, Theory of 3
visual perception, Making symbols visually significant
4.2 Constraints in map design, Symbolization, Format of a map 2
4.3 GIS cartography- Introduction, creative mapping 3
Layout design- layout checklist, Placement and best practices of
element details-Title, subtitle, map, legend, style, scale bars,
graphs, tables, inset map, margins, balance etc
5 GIS cartography
5.1 Fonts- Choosing the right font, modifying the font, placing the 3
text, text direction Colors- Color theory, inspiration
5.2 Features- Roads, rivers and streams, water bodies, cities and 3
towns, political boundaries, fuzzy features, Elevation and hill
shade, wind, temperature, landuse and land cover, soils, geology
etc
5.3 Media- slides, reports, posters, web 2
Total hours 40

Reference Books
1. Misra, R.P, Ramesh, A, Fundamentals of cartography, Concept publishing company,
New Delhi, 2002
2. Arthur H. Robinson, Joel L. Morrison Phillip C. Muehrcke , A.Jon Kimerling ,
Stephen C. Guptill, Elements of Cartography, Wiley India Pvt Ltd; Sixth edition, 2009
3. Menno-Jan Kraak, FerjanOrmeling, Cartography, Third Edition: Visualization of
Spatial Data, The Guilford Press
4. Gretchen N Peterson, GIS Cartography A guide to effective map design, CRC Press,
2009
 CODE COURSE NAME CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
GEOINFORMATICS IN
PROGRAM
222ECE019 TRANSPORTATION 3 0 0 3
ELECTIVE 4
ENGINEERING

Preamble: Objective of the course is to impart an awareness on the applications of

Geoinformatics in the context of intelligent transportation system, land use and transportation
planning

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

To conduct surveys for land use and transportation planning by applying suitable
CO 1
sampling techniques
CO 2 To estimate travel demand in various traffic analysis zones
CO 3 To develop database for transportation analysis in GIS environment
CO 4 To create and analyse transportation networks and maps in GIS platform
CO 5 To illustrate the applications of GIS in transportation and ITS

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7
CO 1 3 3 3 3 3
CO 2 3 3 3 3
CO 3 3 3 3 3
CO 4 3 3 3 3
CO 5 3 3 3 3

Assessment Pattern

Bloom’s Category End Semester Examination

Apply 25
Analyse 25
Evaluate 5
Create 5

Mark distribution

Total ESE
CIE ESE
Marks Duration

100 40 60 2.5 hours

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Preparing a review article based on peer reviewed

Original publications (minimum 10 publications shall be referred) : 15 marks
Course based task/Seminar/Data collection and interpretation : 15 marks
Test paper, 1 no. : 10 marks
Test paper shall include minimum 80% of the syllabus.

End Semester Examination Pattern:

The end semester examination will be conducted by the respective College. There will be two
parts; Part A and Part B. Part A will contain 5 numerical/short answer questions with 1
question from each module, having 5 marks for each question (such questions shall be useful
in the testing of knowledge, skills, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation
and understanding of the students). Students should answer all questions. Part B will contain
7 questions (such questions shall be useful in the testing of overall achievement and maturity
of the students in a course, through long answer questions relating to theoretical/practical
knowledge, derivations, problem solving and quantitative evaluation), with minimum one
question from each module of which student should answer any five. Each question can carry
7 marks.
Note: The marks obtained for the ESE for an elective course shall not exceed 20% over the
average ESE mark % for the core courses. ESE marks awarded to a student for each elective
course shall be normalized accordingly. For example if the average end semester mark % for
a core course is 40, then the maximum eligible mark % for an elective course is 40+20 = 60
%.
Model Question paper

Course Code & Name:

XXXX GEOINFORMATICS IN TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2.5 hours

PART A
(Answer all Questions: Each question carries 5 marks)

1. Define Capacity and Level of Service. Explain the factors affecting level of service.
2. Substantiate the statement “Transportation and landuse are interconnected”
3. What is the importance of road networks and maps in GIS?
4. IllustrateITS architecture.
5. How traffic management can be done with GIS-ITS integration?

PART B
(Answer any five questions: Each carries 7 marks)

6. What is sampling? Why is it needed? Explain any two random sampling techniques
which can be adopted in transportation surveys.
7. What is the importance of trip generation in four stage planning process? Explain any two
methods of trip generation in detail.
8. Differentiate primary and secondary data. What are the different types of surveys in
planning? Explain any two in detail.
9. Illustrate any one landuse model in detail.
10. Howis road network mapping procedure done? Explain in detail with a flowchart.
11. How travel time analysis can be done by integrating GPS and GIS? Explain with a case
study.
12. What is ITS? Explain the components of ITS in detail.
Syllabus and Course Plan

No Topic No. of
Lectures
1 Traffic Engineering Studies and data collection
1.1 Sampling in traffic studies-random and non-probability sampling 2
techniques, sample size determination
1.2 Data collection techniques- Spot speed, Speed and delay, Volume, 3
Origin Destination and Parking surveys
1.3 Concept of PCU, Capacity and level of service 2
1.4 Types of manoeuvres and conflict points 1

2 Transportation Planning process

2.1 Travel Demand Estimation, Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ), screen 1
lines and desire lines
2.2 Four Stage Planning Process (Description only) 4
2.3 Land use and Transport Planning- Introduction of TLUM models- 3
Lowry models

3 Role of GIS in Land use and Transportation Planning

3.1 Introduction to GIS, Spatial and Non spatial data for land use and 1
transportation, spatial database management system
3.2 Transport Network, Network representation - incidence matrices 1
3.3 Map and Network creation in GIS - steps involved-geo 4
referencing, digitisation of the road network, topology creation,
database development, overlay of maps (Introduction with any
available GIS software), Route building in GIS
3.4 Shortest Path determination- shortest path algorithm, network 1
analysis tool in GIS
3.5 Introduction of GIS-T- Software (CUBE, TRANSCAD, EMME) 1

4 Intelligent Transportation system and GIS

4.1 Introduction to Intelligent Transport System- ITS architecture, 2
Components of ITS- Advanced traffic management system,
Advanced traveller information system, Advanced vehicle control
system, Advanced public transport system, Commercial vehicle
operation
4.2 Applications of ITS- electronic toll collection, Incident 2
management system (IMS)-components, benefits and stages of
IMS
4.3 Application of GIS in accident management – Accident database, 1
GIS based accident analysis, black spot identification
4.4 Integration of ITS and GIS - In-vehicle navigation, emergency 1
 response management
4.5 Automatic number plate recognition, vehicle information and 1
communication system
4.6 Case studies on applications of ITS 1

5 Integration of GPS and GIS in transportation

5.1 Types of positioning Systems, Applications of GPS-GIS 2
integration- Route guidance, emergency response, Fleet
Management, Automated Highway Systems
5.2 Travel time analysis using GPS-GIS integration 2
5.3 Case studies on Integration of GPS and GIS in transportation 2
5.4 Application of GIS in land use and transportation planning-case 2
studies
Total hours 40

Reference Books

1. Hensher D. A., Button K. J., Haynes K. E., and Stopher P. R. (Eds.), Handbook of
Transport Geography and Spatial Systems”, Elsevier,2004.
2. Thill Jean-Claude, Geographical Information Systems in Transportation Research,
Pergamon, 2000.
3. Longley P. A., Barnsley M. J., Donnay Jean-Paul, Remote Sensing and Urban Analysis,
Taylor & Francis, 2001.
4. Caliper Corporation, Travel Demand Modelling with TransCAD, 2009.
5. Hutchinson, B. G., Principles of Urban Transportation Planning, McGraw Hill, 1979
6. Kadiyali, L.R.Traffic Engineering and Transportation Planning, Khanna Publishers
 CODE COURE NAME CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS
PROGRAM
222ECE021 FOR ENVIRONMENTAL 3 0 0 3
ELECTIVE 4
ENGINEERING

Preamble: Goal of this course is to expose the students to the fundamental concepts of satellite
remote sensing and various applications of GIS in environmental engineering. After this course,
students will be able to process satellite information and perform data interpretation using GIS
to solve various environmental problems.
Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to

Understand the concepts, physics and characteristics of remote sensing and the
CO 1
capabilities of various satellite sensors

CO 2 Perform digital image processing using remote sensing datasets

Understand the basics of GIS and GPS and the spatial data analysis techniques in GIS
CO 3
Apply knowledge of remote sensing and GIS to suggest solutions in environmental
CO 4
engineering problems.

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7
CO 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
CO 2 3 1 2 1 2 1 1
CO 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 2
CO 4 3 2 2 2 3 2 2

Assessment Pattern

Bloom’s Category End Semester Examination

Apply 20
Analyse 20
Evaluate 20

Mark distribution

Total Marks CIE ESE ESE Duration

100 40 60 2.5 hours

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Preparing a review article based on peer reviewed

Original publications (minimum 10 publications shall be referred) :15 marks

Course based task/Seminar/Data collection and interpretation :15 marks
Test paper, 1 no. :10 marks
Test paper shall include minimum 80% of the syllabus.

End Semester Examination Pattern:

The end semester examination will be conducted by the respective College. There will be two
parts; Part A and Part B. Part A will contain 5 numerical/short answer questions with 1
question from each module, having 5 marks for each question (such questions shall be useful
in the testing of knowledge, skills, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation
and understanding of the students). Students should answer all questions. Part B will contain
7 questions (such questions shall be useful in the testing of overall achievement and maturity
of the students in a course, through long answer questions relating to theoretical/practical
knowledge, derivations, problem solving and quantitative evaluation), with minimum one
question from each module of which student should answer any five. Each question can carry
7 marks.
Course Level Assessment Questions
Course Outcome 1 (CO1):
1. Explain EMR and illustrate atmospheric windows.

2. Explain spectral reflectance for (i) vegetation and (ii) soil

3. Mention different types of platforms available for remote sensing with examples.

Course Outcome 2 (CO2)

1. Explain the terms: (i) Spectral resolution and (ii) Radiometric resolution.

2. Illustrate various image data formats commonly used for remote sensing

3. Discuss the image enhancement techniques in digital image processing

Course Outcome 3(CO3):

1. Discuss the mechanism involved in GPS to capture the location of a point

2. Differentiate vector data model and raster data model

3. Suppose you have downloaded a satellite image of your town from the internet. Describe
the steps you will follow to (i) Get the shapefile of roads in your study area (ii) Demarcate the
schools within 3km around landfill area in your map.

Course Outcome 4 (CO4):

1. Explain the terms: (i) Digitizing (ii) DEM (iv) Geospatial data

2. Explain any four methods involved in vector data analysis. Specify its applications

3. Illustrate the use of raster calculator

Model Question Paper

A P J ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

M.Tech Degree Examination
Branch: Civil Engineering
Specialisation: Geoinformatics
Time : 2.5 Hours Max. Marks: 60

PART A
(Answer All Questions)
1. Explain and mention its use. (i)Spectral resolution (ii)Temporal resolution
2. Define FCC. Mention its importance in remote sensing.
3. Define datum. Explain local datum & global datum with examples.
4. Briefly explain the role of control segment and ground antennas in GPS system.
5. Explain how GIS can be used for natural resource management
(5 x 5 marks = 25 marks)
PART B
(Answer any 5 Questions)

6. (a) Explain different types of platforms available for remote sensing with examples.
(4 marks)
b) Explain available digital image formats in remote sensing (3 marks)

7. a) Briefly explain the mechanism of push broom sensors and whisk broom sensors
(3 marks)
b) Explain how the position of a location is calculated in GPS (4 marks)

8. Explain the process involved in image rectification and restoration in digital

image processing.

9. Differentiate with examples

(i) Projected coordinate system and geographic coordinate system (3 marks)
(ii) Vector data and Raster (4 marks)

10. Explain any four methods involved in vector data analysis. Specify its application
in mapping and fire mapping.

11. Explain the following:

(i) Georeferencing (2.5 marks)
(ii) Shape files (1.5 marks)
(iii) TIN (1.5 marks)
(iv) Metadata (1.5 marks)

12. Suppose you have downloaded a vegetation map from the internet. But the map is
not in geographic coordinate system. Describe the steps you will follow to:
(i) Convert the coordinate system to geographic coordinate system. Mention
 the name of the process. (4 marks)
(ii) Get the shapefile for the area which is unsuitable for
cultivation (3 marks)
(5 x 7 marks = 35 marks)
Syllabus and Course Plan

Topic No. of
No Lectures
1 Introduction to Remote sensing (8 hours)
Physics of remote sensing, interaction of earth surface features with
electromagnetic radiations, atmospheric windows, effects of atmosphere,
1.1 2
spectral signatures
Types of remote sensing, active and passive measurements, platform
characteristics, satellite orbits, Sensor characteristics-spatial, temporal,
1.2 spectral, radiometric resolutions, principles of image processing, methods 3
of encoding image data-BIL, BIP, BSQ, False Color Composite (FCC)
Elements of digital image interpretation, image correction techniques-
atmospheric, geometric and radiometric, principles of photogrammetry,
1.3 3
algorithms and data products.
2 Application of Remote sensing (8 hours)
Analysis of land surface biophysical properties, land surface temperature,
classification of land use and land cover-supervised and unsupervised
2.1 3
techniques
Development of terrain models-DEM &DTM, soil type and soil moisture
2.2 monitoring, vegetation indices 2
Remote sensing of environment- aerosol optical depth, air quality
monitoring using satellite data, Remote sensing of water quality, flood
2.3 3
mapping, ocean remote sensing for oil spill detection
3 Introduction to GIS (8 hours)
Introduction to GIS, History and development of GIS, components of
3.1 GIS, coordinate reference systems, datum and projections, map scales 2
Georeferencing, spatial data concepts, data sources in GIS, data input
3.2 methods, file formats for GIS standard GIS packages. 3
Type of data, Spatial and attribute data, Data models- vector and raster,
Spatial data structure- vector data structure and raster data structure,
3.3 Database management systems (DBMS), Relational database 3
management systems (RDBMS)
 4 Data Analysis in GIS (8 hours)
Spatial data analysis, single layer operations- spatial and attribute query,
buffer analysis, point pattern analysis, network analysis, surface analysis,
4.1 3
Interpolation.
Multi-layer operations-topological overlays, point in polygon, line in
polygon, polygon in polygon, logical operators-AND, OR, NOT, XOR,
4.2 vector overlay operations-clip, erase, split, union, identity and intersect; 3
raster calculators
Global navigation satellite systems- types, global positioning system-
components and principle, satellite ranging- calculating position, GPS
4.3 2
errors and biases, Differential GPS (DGPS)
5 Application of GIS in environmental problems(8 hours)
Familiarizing a GIS tool, Application of GIS in Urban planning,
5.1 agriculture, land use/land cover changes, fire mapping. 3
Application of GIS in disaster management, natural resources
5.2 management, irrigation water management 3
Resource mapping for engineering project: selection of sites for
construction materials, water resources, soil, buildings, railways, and
5.3 highways etc. using remotely sensed data. Application of GIS in mapping 2
site suitability analysis for infrastructure projects, forest management,
forest carbon management.
Text Books
1. Lillesand T.M. and Kiefer R.W., Remote sensing and Image Interpretation, Second Edition,
John Wiley and Sons, 1987.
2. AnjiReddy, M. Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, BSP Publications.,
2001
3.Chang, K (2005). Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, Tata McGraw Hills Edition,
NewDelhi.

References
1.Manual of Remote Sensing, American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 1993.
2. Paul Curran P.J., Principles of Remote Sensing , ELBS, 1983.
3. Sabins F.F. Jr., Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation, W.II. Freeman and Company,
1978.
4. Geo Information Systems – Applications of GIS and Related Spatial Information
Technologies, ASTER Publication Co., Chestern (England), 1992.
5. Burrough P.A., Principles of GIS for Land Resources Assessment, Oxford Publication, 1980.
6. Jeffrey Star and John Estes, Geographical Information System – An Introduction, Prentice –
Hall Inc., 1990.
7. Marble D.F., Galkhs H.W. and Pequest, Basic Readings in Geographic Information System,
Sped System Ltd., New York, 1984.
8. Clarke, K.C. Parks B.O., and Crane M.P. (2006) Geographic Information systems and
environmental modeling- PHI of India , New Delhi.
 SEMESTER II
INTERDISCIPLINARY ELECTIVE
 CODE COURSE NAME CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
NATURAL HAZARDS
INTERDISCILINARY
222ECE096 AND IMPACT 3 0 0 3
ELECTIVE
MANAGEMENT

Preamble: The course introduces students to natural disasters and their phenomenon, ground
deformations, land-level changes, event recurrence intervals, associated environmental and
depositional changes, sedimentation patterns, and all the related hazards. Some of the well-
known natural disasters are earthquakes, landslides, floods, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions,
storms, and cyclones etc. which cause different types of natural hazards in the associated
environment and landscape. This course will emphasize their mechanism, origin, and impacts
in the associated regions such as mainland, hilly terrain, floodplain/alluvial plain, and coastal
regions etc., and also focus on the approaches for mitigating and minimizing hazards along
with related hazard assessment.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, students will be able:

CO No. Description
To explain the evolving concepts and thoughts onthe management of
222ECE096.1
hazards and disasters
To analyse the causes behind natural disasters and evaluate their magnitude
222ECE096.2
and impacts
To apply RS and GIS concepts for hazard mapping and mitigation
222ECE096.3
measures.
To evaluate the Disaster Management Framework in the Indian and
222ECE096.4
International context

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

1-Slight (Low); 2- Moderate (Medium); 3 – Substantial (High)

CO PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7
222ECE096.1 2 1 1 3 1
222ECE096.2 3 1 1 3 2 1
222ECE096.3 2 1 1 3 1
222ECE096.4 3 1 1 3 2 1 2
Assessment Pattern

Bloom’s Category End Semester Examination (Marks)

Apply 25
Analyze 15
Evaluate 10
Create 10

Mark distribution

Total Marks CIE ESE ESE Duration

100 40 60 2.5 hours

Evaluation shall only be based on application, analysis or design-based questions (for both
internal and end semester examinations).

Continuous Internal Evaluation: 40 marks

Preparing a review article based on peer reviewed

Original publications (minimum 10 publications shall be referred): 15 marks
Course based task/Seminar/Data collection and interpretation : 15 marks
Test paper, 1 no. : 10 marks
Test paper shall include minimum 80% of the syllabus.

End Semester Examination: 60 marks

The end-semester examination will be conducted by the respective college.

There will be two parts; Part A and Part B.

Part A will contain 5 numerical/short answer questions with 1 question from each module,
having 5 marks for each question (such questions shall be useful in testing knowledge, skills,
comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation and understanding of the
students).Students should answer all questions.

Part B will contain 7 questions (such questions shall be useful in the testing of overall
achievement and maturity of the students in a course, through long answer questions relating
to theoretical/practical knowledge, derivations, problem-solving and quantitative evaluation),
with a minimum one question from each module of which student should answer any five.
Each question can carry 7 marks.

Note: The marks obtained for the ESE for an elective course shall not exceed 20% over the
average ESE mark % for the core courses. ESE marks awarded to a student for each elective
course shall be normalized accordingly. For example, if the average end semester mark % for
a core course is 40, then the maximum eligible mark % for an elective course is 40+20 = 60
%.

Course code: 222ECE096

Natural Hazards and Impact Management
Syllabus &Course plan

No Topic No. of
Lectures
1 Module 1 Total Lecture hours: 8
Overview of natural hazards
1.1 Introduction to hazards and Hazard types 1
1.2 Key Concepts of disasters and types, vulnerability, exposure, risk,
crisis, emergency, capacity, resilience, Carbon footprint, disaster
2
prevention, disaster mitigation, disaster response, damage
assessment, and needs assessment.
1.3 Causes and consequences of geological hazards, flood, drought and
climate change issues, forest hazards, tsunami and coastal hazards,
3
cyclone hazards, extreme weather events, urban and industrial
hazards
1.4 Impact and mitigation in the Global and Indian context 2
2 Module 2 Total Lecture hours: 8
Fundamentals of vulnerability and risk assessment
2.1 Introduction to vulnerability 1
2.2 Vulnerability types and their assessment- physical, social,
3
economic and environmental vulnerability.
2.3 Disaster risk assessment –approaches, procedures 1
2.4 Elements of risk mapping, assessment, and reduction strategies 3
3 Module 3 Total Lecture hours: 8
Geological& Environmental Hazards Modelling
3.1 Geological Hazards 2
Landslides and earthquakes hazard assessment using EO data:
Landslide types, processes and mechanism.
3.2 Landslide mapping and monitoring using aerial photos and satellite 2
images
3.3 Fundamentals of the earthquake, seismic waves and their 1
characterization, intensity, magnitude, acceleration and
seismograms, Mapping and monitoring of potential seismic hazards
3.4 Environmental Hazards Modelling 1
Fundamentals of soil science/land use/land cover
mapping:Fundamental concepts of soil science and soil survey,
land use/land cover mapping for environmental change
3.5 Land degradation and soil erosion: Land degradation types, 1
processes and causes of land degradation, mapping and monitoring
of land degradation
3.6 Drought: Drought indices, drought assessment 1

4 Module 4 Total Lecture hours: 8

Hydro-Meteorological Hazards Modelling
4.1 Flood mapping using RS & GIS: 2
Flood and mapping using RS & GIS; Flood hazards zoning
4.2 Remote sensing applications for coastal hazards: 2
Remote sensing for monitoring of coastal inundation (tides, storm
surge, tsunami) Remote sensing applications for coastal
erosion,Saltwater intrusion into the coastal aquifer.
4.3 Cyclonic hazard assessment and prediction (tracking, landfall 2
determination, inundation); Tsunami and its impact assessment
4.4 Application of GIS to assess urban hazards: Mapping of building 2
vulnerability and damage assessment. Concepts of multi-hazard
and multi-risk characterization in an urban environment.
5 Module 5 Total Lecture hours: 8
Disaster management framework (Indian and international initiatives)
5.1 Disaster Management cycle. SWOT Analysis- basic concepts, use
limitations and advantages. Disaster management plan and reports, 2
participation of the community in disaster management.
5.2 The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction- targets,
1
priorities for action, guiding principles
5.3 Disaster management framework of India and recent initiatives by
2
Govt. of India with special emphasis on DRR HFA 2005-2015
5.4 Disaster Management Support (DMS): Status in India for use of
1
space inputs Mainstreaming
5.5 DRR in Development Planning Sustainable development in the
1
context of Climate Change
5.6 Disaster Recovery-Strategy and case examples 1

Reference Books/ Reports

• Abbott, Patrick L., 1996, Natural Disasters. Wm. C. Brown Publishing Co., 438 pp.
and Disaster Analysis. Springer.
• Bryant Edward, 1991. Natural Hazards, Cambridge University Press.
• Casale Ricardo and Margottini Claudio, 1999. Floods and Lanslides: Integrated
RiskAssessment, Springer-Verlag.
• Dao, H. and Peduzzi, P., 2003. Global Risk and Vulnerability Index Trends Per Year
Disaster Management Authority, Govt. of Pakistan.
• Environmental Impact Assessment -Theory and Practice by Anji Reddy Mareddy, ISBN
9780128112380, 0128112387, Elsevier Science
• Hyndman, Donald and Hyndman, David, 2009. Natural Hazards and Disaster, Cengage
• Janathan Li Sisi, Geomatic solutions for Disaster Management, Springer
• Keith Smith and Petley David, 2008. Environmental Hazards : Assessing Risk and
ReducingDisaster, Routledge
Learning.
• Lin, Aiming and Ren, Zhikun, 2010. The Great Wenchuan Earthquake of 2008: A
• Maidment D.R. (ed.) (1993). "Handbook of Hydrology", McGraw-Hill.
• Maidment D.R., and Djokic D. 2000. Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modeling Support with
GIS, ESRI Press, Redlands CA, USA.
• MOHCA, 2006. National Disaster Risk Management Framework, Reducing Disaster
Risks for a Safe and Happy Bhutan, Pub. By, Disaster Management Division, Dept. of
Local Governance, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs, Bhutan
• Naude, W., McGillivray, M., Rossouw, S., 2008. Measuring the vulnerability of sub-
national regions, UNU-WIDER Research Paper no. 2008/54
• NDMA, 2004. Disaster Management in India, A Status Report, National Disaster
• NDMA, 2007. National Disaster Risk Management Framework Pakistan, National
Photographic Atlas of Surface Rupture and Realted Disaster, Springer.
• John C., 2009. Natural Hazards Analysis : Reducing the Impact of Disasters, CRC
Press.
• Quigley, R., den Broeder, L., Furu, P., Bond, A., Cave, B., & Bos, R. (2006). Health
Impact Assessment International Best Practice Principles. IAIA Special Publication
Series No. 5, September 2006. Retrieved on 12/04/2015 from
https://www.iaia.org/publicdocuments/special-publications/SP5.pdf
• Schultz G.A. and Engman E.T. (2000). "Remote Sensing in Hydrology and Water
Management" Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany
• Showalter, Pamela S. and Lu, Yongmei, 2010. Geospatial Techniques in Urban Hazards
• Source Book on the Integration of Natural Hazard into the Environmental Impact
Assessment Process, USAID , Canadian International Development Agency.
• Stoltman JP, Lidstone J and Dechano LM., 2004. An International Perspective on
Natural Disaster: Occurrence, Mitigation and Consequences, Kluwer Academic
Publishers.
• Subramanya, K. (2008). "Engineering Hydrology". 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, India.
• UNDP, 2006. Development of a Disaster Risk Profile for Maldives, Vol 1, UNDP,
• Van Oosterom Peter, ZlatanovaSiyka and Fendel Elfriede, 2005. Geo-information for
Disaster Management, Springer-Verlag.
 Websites
• NDMA: www.ndma.gov.in
• UNOOSA: www.oosa.unvienna.org/oosa/unspider/index.html
• UN-SPIDER: www.un-spider.org
• UNESCAP: www.unescap.org
• UNISDR: www.unisdr.org
• SDMC: saarc-sdmc.nic.in
• ADRC: www.adrc.asia
• ADPC: www.adpc.net
• ASC (earthquake database): www.asc-india.org
• Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council, India provides vulnerability
atlas
• of India: http://www.bmtpc.org/disaster.htm
• Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, The earth Institute, Columbia University
• http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu
• Assessments of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change (AIACC) in Multiple
Regions
• and Sectors
• http://www.aiaccproject.org/resources/ele_lib_docs/gyoheindicators.doc
• UN Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) Operational Satellite Applications
• Programme for Disaster Management
• http://unosat.web.cern.ch/unosat/
• Dartmouth Flood Observatory, USA, provides all flood inundation maps mainly from
satellite
• data
• http://www.dartmouth.edu/~floods/index.html
• Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters: EM-DAT
• http://www.em-dat.net/
• Prevention web providing details about multiple hazards
• http://www.preventionweb.net/
 Model Question Paper

No. of Pages: 3
Name: __________ I
Register Number: _______________

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

M.TECH. DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH & YEAR
Branch: Civil Engineering

Course Code & Name: 222ECE096Natural Hazards and Impact Management

(Interdisciplinary Elective)

Limit answers to the required points.

Maximum mark: 60 Duration: 2½ hour
PART A
(Answer all questions from part A, each full question carries 5 mark)

1. Distinguish between vulnerability and risk assessment (5)

2. Describe the concept of carbon footprint (5)
3. What are the elements of risk mapping (5)
4. Explain the principle behind mapping and monitoring of potential seismic hazards (5)
5 Explain the advantages and limitations of SWOT Analysis (5)
PART B
(Answer any 5 full questions from part B, each full question carries 7 mark)
6. What are the different types of forest fires? Explain (7)
7. Discuss in detail the mitigation measures that can be adopted to alleviate the (7)
impacts of soil desertification
8. Explain the types of land degradation and its types. (7)
9. Describe the applications of GIS in flood zone mapping (7)

10. Describe the Disaster Management Support initiatives in India (7)

11. Explain how landslide mapping and monitoring can be done using satellite images (7)

12. Describe the various drought indices used in drought assessment. List the specific (7)
application of these indices.
---0---0---0---
 CODE COURSE NAME CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
MECHANICS OF
INTERDISCIPLINARY
222ECE097 COMPOSITE 3 0 0 3
ELECTIVE
MATERIALS

Preamble: Fibre reinforced plastic composite materials are finding wide range of
applications in the field of aerospace structures, automobile engineering, offshore
structures, maritime structures, ships and civil engineering structures presently
due to its outstanding material capabilities such as High strength, low weight, high
corrosion resistance, high fatigue strength and faster assembly. The everyday
applications of composites in the commercial markets and hence the job
opportunities in this field are drastically increasing nowadays. This course will
equip the students with the specialist knowledge and skills required by the leading
employers in aerospace, marine, automobile, construction and renewable energy
industries to design and develop next generation environmental-friendly and
structural-efficient advanced lightweight composite materials and components.

Course Outcomes: The COs shown are only indicative. For each course, there can
be 4 to 6 COs.

After the completion of the Advanced Composite Structures course the student will
be able to

Identify the properties of fibre and matrix materials used in commercial

CO 1 composites, as well as some common manufacturing techniques.

Explain linear elasticity with emphasis on the difference between layered

CO 2 composite materials and isotropic materials.

Apply constitutive equations of composite materials and understand the

CO 3 mechanical behaviour at micro and macro levels.

CO 4 Predict the failure mode and strength of laminated composite structures.

Apply the ideas developed in the analysis of composites towards using
CO 5
composites in various fields of engineering.

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7
CO 1 3 3 2
CO 2 3 3 2
CO 3 3 3 2
CO 4 3 3 2
CO 5 3 3 2
Assessment Pattern

Bloom’s Category End Semester

Examination

Remember 15
Understand 15
Apply 25
Analyse 5
Evaluate -
Create -

Mark distribution

Total CIE ESE ESE

Marks Duration

100 40 60 2.5 hours

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Preparing a review article based on peer reviewed original publications (minimum

10 publications shall be referred): 15 marks
Course based task/Seminar/Data collection and interpretation: 15 marks
Test paper, 1 no.: 10 marks
Test paper shall include minimum 70% of the syllabus.

End Semester Examination Pattern:

The end semester examination will be conducted by the respective College. There
will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A will contain 5 numerical/short answer
questions with 1 question from each module, having 5 marks for each question
(such questions shall be useful in the testing of knowledge, skills, comprehension,
application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation and understanding of the students).
Students should answer all questions. Part B will contain 7 questions (such
questions shall be useful in the testing of overall achievement and maturity of the
students in a course, through long answer questions relating to
theoretical/practical knowledge, derivations, problem solving and quantitative
evaluation), with minimum one question from each module of which student
should answer any five. Each question can carry 7 marks.

Note: The marks obtained for the ESE for an elective course shall not exceed 20%
over the average ESE mark % for the core courses. ESE marks awarded to a
student for each elective course shall be normalized accordingly. For example, if the
average end semester mark % for a core course is 40, then the maximum eligible
mark % for an elective course is 40 + 20 = 60 %.

Model Question paper

PART A

Answer all questions.

All Questions carry equal marks

1. How is the mechanical advantage of a composite measured?

2. Write the number of independent elastic constants for three dimensional
anisotropic, orthotropic, transversely isotropic and isotropic materials.
3. What is Classical Lamination Theory? Explain its significance in composite
analysis.
4. The weight fraction of glass in a glass epoxy composite is 0.8. If the specific
gravity of glass and epoxy are 2.5 and 1.2 respectively, find (i) fibre and
matrix volume fractions (ii) density of composite?
5. Explain briefly the progressive failure analysis in a composite laminate.

PART B
Answer any FIVE questions only

6. Briefly explain the Hooke’s law for Anisotropic materials. Derive the
stress-strain relation for a material with three planes of reflection and
one 90◦ rotation symmetry
7. (a) Explain any two methods of manufacturing of composite in detail.
(b) Derive the relations connecting the engineering constants and the
elements of stiffness and compliance matrices for a specially orthotropic
lamina.
8. (a) Calculate the longitudinal modulus and tensile strength of a
unidirectional composite containing 60% by volume of carbon fibres (E1f =
294 GPa and σ1fu = 5.6 Gpa) in a toughened epoxy matrix (Em = 3.6 GPa and
σmu = 105 Gpa). Compare these values with the experimentally determined
values of E1 = 162 GPa and σ1u = 2.94 GPa. What fraction of load is carried
by fibres in the composite?
(b) Explain how to calculate the effective modului of a composite
lamina in terms of its constituent properties.
9. (a) Explain the free edge effects and interlaminar stresses in composite
laminates
(b) Explain how to determine the laminae stresses and strains from the
analysis of a laminate?
10. Calculate the A, B , D matrices for a [0/90°] laminate each layer of which is
of 0.125 mm thickness. The lamina properties are given by E1 = 140 GPa, E2
= 10 GPa, G12 = 5 GPa, υ12 = 0.3
11. (a) Explain the effect of interlaminar stresses in composite laminate in detail
(b) Explain the importance of the sign of shear stress on strength of
composites.
 12. Find the maximum value of S>0 if a stress of σx = 2S, σy = -3S, and τxy = 4S
is applied to a 60° Graphite/epoxy Lamina. Use Tsai-Hill Failure theory.

Given (σ 1 ) ult = 1500 MPa, (σ 1 ) ult = 1500 MPa, (σ 2 ) ult = 40 MPa, (σ 2 ) ult = 246 MPa,
t C t C

(τ 21 ) ult = 68MPa

Syllabus and Course Plan

No. of
No Topic Lecture
s
1 Introduction to Composite Materials (6)
Definition of composites, Objectives, constituents and
1.1 2
Classification of composites.
Basic terminology used in fibre reinforced composite materials-
Lamina, Laminates ,General Characteristics of reinforcement
1.2 and classifications, Characteristics of matrix- Polymer matrix, 2
Thermoplastics and thermosetting resins, Glass transition
temperature , Prepregs
1.3 Structural applications of Composite Materials 1
1.4 Processing of Composites 1
2 Macro mechanical behaviour of a composite lamina (9)
Review of Basic Equations of Mechanics and Materials, Hooke’s
2.1 law for different types of materials- Anisotropic, orthotropic, 2
isotropic, monoclinic and Transversely isotropic materials.
Stress-Strain relations for a Two dimensional unidirectional and
2.2 orthotropic lamina, lamina of arbitrary orientation, 3
Transformations of stress and strain
Relationship of Compliance and stiffness matrix to elastic
2.3 1
constants of a lamina
Strength and Failure theories of Continuous Fibre-reinforced
2.4 orthotropic Lamina- Failure envelopes, Maximum stress/strain 2
criteria, Tsai-Hill and Tsai-Wu criterion.
Hygrothermal stresses and strains in a lamina –unidirectional
2.5 1
and angle lamina
3 Micromechanical Behaviour of a Lamina (6)
3.1 Volume and Mass fractions, density and void content 1
Effective Moduli of a continuous fibre-reinforced lamina –
Models based on mechanics of materials, theory of elasticity and
3.2 2
experimental methods, Mechanics of materials approach to
strength, Numerical Examples
Ultimate Strengths of unidirectional Lamina- longitudinal and
3.3 2
transverse tensile and compressive strengths
3.4 Coefficients of moisture and thermal expansion 1
4 Macro mechanical behaviour of Laminates (10)
 Classical Lamination Theory-Laminae Stress-strain behaviour,
4.1 In-plane forces, stress-strain variation in a laminate, resultant 3
laminate stresses and strains,
Special cases of laminate stiffnesses-symmetric and
4.2 antisymmetric laminates, cross ply and angle ply laminates, 3
quasi-isotropic laminates
4.3 Inplane and flexural modulus of a laminate 1
4.4 Effects of stacking sequence-Laminate code 1
Free-Edge Interlaminar Effects, Hygro-thermal effects and
4.5 2
warpage in a laminate
5 Strength and Design of Laminates (9)
Determination of laminae stresses and strains, numerical
5.1 2
examples
5.2 Laminate strength analysis procedure, Failure envelopes 3
Analysis of laminates after initial failures, Progressive failure
5.3 2
Analysis. Numerical Examples
Composite mechanical design issues-Long-term environmental
5.4 2
effects, impact resistance, fracture resistance, fatigue resistance

Text Books

1. Jones M. Roberts, Mechanics of Composite Materials, Taylor and Francis,1998

2. Reddy, J.N , Mechanics of Laminated Composite Plates: Theory and Analysis,
CRC Press, 2003

Reference Books

1. Calcote, L. R., Analysis of Laminated Composite structures, Van Nostrand,

1969
2. Vinson, J. R. and Chou P, C., Composite materials and their use in
Structures, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd. London, 1975
3. Agarwal, B.D. and Broutman, L. J., Analysis and performance of Fibre
composites. 3rdEdn.
 CODE COURSE NAME CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
PROJECT
INTERDISCIPLINARY
222ECE098 EVALUATION AND 3 0 0 3
ELECTIVE
MANAGEMENT

Preamble: Objective of the course is to enable the students to understand the

management aspects of project idea formulations, feasibility studies and report
preparation, costing of project, project appraisal and project funding.

Course Outcomes: The COs shown are only indicative. For each course, there can
be 4 to 6 COs.

After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO 1 To develop project ideas

CO 2 To do the feasibility analysis of projects
CO 3 To plan and arrive at Project Costs
CO 4 To carry out project appraisals
CO 5 To identify the various funding sources and select the apt source

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7
CO 1 2 3 2 2
CO 2 2 2
CO 3 3 2 3
CO 4 2 2 2 2
CO 5 2 2 1

Assessment Pattern

Bloom’s Category End Semester

Examination
Understand 20
Apply 10
Analyse 10
Evaluate 20
Create

Mark distribution

Total CIE ESE ESE

Marks Duration

100 40 60 2.5 hours

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Preparing a review article based on peer reviewed

Original publications (minimum 10 publications shall be referred) : 15 marks

Course based task/Seminar/Data collection and interpretation : 15 marks

Test paper, 1 no. : 10 marks

Test paper shall include minimum 80% of the syllabus.

End Semester Examination Pattern:

The end semester examination will be conducted by the respective College. There
will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A will contain 5 numerical/short answer
questions with 1 question from each module, having 5 marks for each question
(such questions shall be useful in the testing of knowledge, skills, comprehension,
application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation and understanding of the students).
Students should answer all questions. Part B will contain 7 questions (such
questions shall be useful in the testing of overall achievement and maturity of the
students in a course, through long answer questions relating to
theoretical/practical knowledge, derivations, problem solving and quantitative
evaluation), with minimum one question from each module of which student
should answer any five. Each question can carry 7 marks. Note: The marks
obtained for the ESE for an elective course shall not exceed 20% over the average
ESE mark % for the core courses. ESE marks awarded to a student for each
elective course shall be normalized accordingly. For example if the average end
semester mark % for a core course is 40, then the maximum eligible mark % for an
elective course is 40+20 = 60 %.
Model Question Paper

Model Question paper

Course Code & Name:

Project Evaluation and Management
Max. Marks: 60
Duration: 2.5 hours
PART A

(Answer all Questions: Each question carries 5 marks)

1. Discuss the need for project idea generation ?

2. Why feasibility studies are essential?
3. What do you understand by Present value of a single amount?
4. Explain the international practice of Project Appraisal.
5. Discuss the means of Project Financing.

PART B
(Answer any five questions: Each carries 7 marks)

6. Describe the various steps involved in Project Identification.

7. How will you assess the technical feasibility of a project?
8. Explain cash flow and what are the benefits of cash flow statement..
9. Discuss the various methods of Risk Analysis
10. Bluebell Enterprises had invested Rs.2,00,00,000 for the purpose of
replacing some of its machinery components. This renovation is expected to
result in incremental benefits of Rs.5000000 in 1st year, Rs.3000000 in
2nd year and Rs. 4000000 in 3rd year. Calculate the benefit-cost ratio of the
replacement project if the applicable discounting rate is 5%..
11. Discuss the role of various institutions for project financing
12. Discuss the Private Sector Participation on Infrastructure Projects in India
Syllabus and Corse Plan (For 3 credit courses, the content can be for 40 hrs and
for 2 credit courses, the content can be for 26 hrs. The audit course in third
semester can have content for 30 hours).

No Topic No. of
Lectures
1 Project formulation
1.1 Concepts of Project, Capital Investments 2
1.2 Purpose and need for Project Identification 2
1.3 Methodology for Project Identification 2
1.4 Steps in Project Identification 2
2 Project Feasibility
2.1 Introduction to feasibility Studies, need for feasibility
2
studies
2.2 Components of Feasibility Analysis - Market, Technical,
4
Financial, Economic
2.3 Feasibility Reports and approvals 2
3 Project Costing
3.1 Time Value of Money - Future value of single amount,
Present value of single amount, Future value of an annuity,
3
Present value of an annuity, Simple interest-Compound
interest
3.2 Project Cash Flows 3
3.3 Cost of capital 2
4 Project Appraisal
4.1 Investment Criteria- Discounting criteria-Net present value
(NPV), Benefit cost ratio(BCR), internal rate of return(IRR)-
4
Non-Discounting criteria - Pay Back Period, Accounting
rate of return(ARR
4.2 Indian and International Practice of Appraisal 2
4.3 Methods of Analysis of Risk 2
5 Project Financing
5.1 Project Financing – Means of Finance 2
5.2 Financial Institutions, schemes 3
5.3 Private sector participation in Infrastructure Development
2
Projects - BOT, BOLT, BOOT
5.4 Technology Transfer and Foreign Collaboration 1

Reference Books

1 Project Planning Analysis selection financing Implementation and

Review- Tata Mc Graw Hill Publication, 7th edition 2010, Prasana
Chandra
2 United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Manual for
the preparation of Industrial Feasibility Studies, (IDSI Reproduction),
Bombay, 2007.
3 A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling Project
Management Harold Kerzner (2013), Wiley India, New Delhi
4 Project planning scheduling & control, James P.Lawis, Meo Publishing
Company 2001
5 Project planning analysis selection implementation & review Prasanna
Chandra, ISBNO-07-462049-5 2002.