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Paper Work

The document outlines the 14 main steps involved in residential building construction including paper work, layout marking, excavation, foundation work, column casting, wall construction, lintels, roofing, plastering, fixing doors and windows, electrical and plumbing work, tile laying, painting, and miscellaneous works such as waterproofing and landscaping.

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Yvonne Tiongson
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33 views

Paper Work

The document outlines the 14 main steps involved in residential building construction including paper work, layout marking, excavation, foundation work, column casting, wall construction, lintels, roofing, plastering, fixing doors and windows, electrical and plumbing work, tile laying, painting, and miscellaneous works such as waterproofing and landscaping.

Uploaded by

Yvonne Tiongson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Paper Work

Construction of residential building required paper work before the start of actual construction. The
paper works are preparation of drawings, estimation of material cost, labor cost & contingencies,
approval of drawings from City Development Authority.

2. Marking of Layout
The approved plan boundaries are marked in the ground first and the ground inside and outside the
layout is cleaned. Later the complete layout is marked on the ground with accurate dimension and
orientation.

3. Excavation
Generally excavation is carried out for the construction of wall foundations. Excavation should be
carried out as per the drawings defined lengths & widths. Suitable machines are used to excavate the
the earth for the making of foundation.

4. Foundation Work
Foundation work consists of many sub works which are as follows,
1. Compacting the ground
The excavation pits are trimmed and dressed as per the requirement and the bottom is compacted
using hand compactors.
2. PCC
To form a solid bases on which the reinforcement can be tied and footing can be placed. Plain cement
concrete of the mix 1:4:8 or 1:3:6 is laid on the compacted soil in varying depth as required.
3. Footing Reinforcement
Reinforcement steel bars are tied together and placed on the PCC to form a skeleton in which the
concrete is poured and the column rods are taken from them.
4. Shuttering
To achieve proper shaped concrete, shuttering is done as per the dimensions mentioned in the
drawing. It is also done so that the concrete doesn't come in contact with the soil .
5. Footing Concrete
It is very necessary to check the levels of foundation before concrete work. There are patches where
excavated depth slightly exceeds and vice versa. Concrete is poured as per drawing specs.
Depth of foundation varies from 9” to 18” and normally for most of the cases it is considered as 12’’
depth. The foundation width is kept equals to its depth.

5. Column Casting
Casting of columns is made by fixing the shuttering framework and concrete is poured in the
formwork. The shuttering is usually removed after 24hr of casting and curing is done.

6. Construction of Walls
Walls are constructed using many materials such as brick, wooden, precast concrete and many other.
Before starting the wall construction the base of wall is constructed first using concrete or size stone
masonry. The height of the walls depends upon the floor height. Necessary opening are to given for
doors, windows and ventilators.

7. Lintel
Masonry work of buildings is carried out in one go till roof. Openings for windows & doors are left
during masonry works. Reinforced cement concrete beams are laid down on the top of openings. So,
those loads of structure above openings not directly come on to the door frames.

8. Roofing
Roof slab of building is poured after completion of masonry works. Now a days, roofing is of
reinforced cement concrete slab. Slab thickness & reinforcement details should be according to
approved drawings.

9. Plastering Work
Form work is removed after 14 days of slab pouring. Now plaster work begins. Mortar for plaster
work is generally of 1:3 or 1:4 is used. Thickness of plaster layer should not be more than 0.75inch.
Cure the surface about 7 days. So that, plaster gain proper strength.

Generally, internal walls of buildings are covered with plastered layer and external walls with
pointing. It is better plaster the external walls rather than pointing.

10. Fixing of Doors and Windows


Traditionally, doors and windows of woods are used. But, steel & aluminum is also not a bad choice.
In case of wooden doors & windows, frames are fixed in walls during masonry work. Panels are then
fixed with hinges after plaster work. Steel and aluminum doors are fixed after completion of paint
works.

11. Fixing of Electrical and Plumbing Works


The necessary electrical and plumbing works are carried out before the final finishing works such as
painting and tiles laying is done so as to reduce the damage.

12. Tiles Laying


Majorly tiles are laid in the bathrooms and kitchen area. First the wall tiles are fixed after which the
floor tiles are fixed. For flooring works, granite, marble, tiles , epoxy are also used.

13. Painting
Painting consists of different sequences depending upon the type of finished required. 1 coat of
primer and 2 coat of water based paint is also done or 2 coat of putty and 2 coats of painting is done
for the smooth finish. It defers for outside and inside works.

14. Miscellaneous Works


Other than all these above mentioned works, there are other works that are carried as per the
requirement of the consumer and design engineer.

 Terrace water proofing


 landscaping works
 False Ceiling
 Installation of Furniture

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