Answer 1

Introduction
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) refers to an advanced type of software that
organizations use to manage day-to-day business activities such as risk management,
project management, accounting, procurement, and compliance, and supply chain
operations. A complete ERP suite also includes software that helps the budget, predict,
plan, report on an organization’s and financial results enterprise performance
management.
ERP systems consolidate together numerous business processes and enable a smooth
flow of data between them. It collects an organization’s all forms of data from multiple
sources and prevents data duplicity and provides integrity in the data management
system with a single source of truth. Today, ERP systems play a critical role in
managing thousands of businesses of all sizes and in all types of industries. To these
companies and industries, ERP is as indispensable as the water that keeps us
hydrated.

Modules of ERP

Every ERP module is designed for specific business functions by providing the data and
supporting the processes that will help those employees to do their jobs. Every module
plugs into the ERP system, so the system provides a single source of accurate data,
even as the business adds new modules.

1. Finance
A finance and accounting module is the most important ERP module because it not only
helps businesses and companies to understand their current financial states but also
and predicts the future.
Important features of this module are as follows
a) Tracking accounts payable and accounts receivable
b) Managing the general ledger.
c) Creating crucial financial documents like balance sheets, payment receipts, and tax
statements.
2. Inventory Management
The inventory management module of ERP helps businesses and companies to
optimize their inventories and stock by tracking all items and labeling them down from
where they are originated, where they are at present, and where they have to be in the
future. This module can also offer a complete picture of the current inventory
management and the future inventory, by integrating technology into the business.
3. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
This ERP module deals with customer satisfaction of the customer by keeping the
records of all the customer-related information in the following ways- a) recording the
customer communication history, b) their buying preference c) their choice of products
and services. d) their purchase history. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
improves customer service because company management can have easy access to all
the information they needed when working with a customer.
4. Human resource management (HRM)
The human resource management (HRM) or human capital management (HCM)
module help in solving inner management by encompasses all the elements of human
workforce management and offers other improved additional capabilities. It keeps
records of all employees and stores important information related to their performance
ratings, job descriptions, starting date, terms, and policies related to the job.

Solution
The work flow system of Suthar Timber Merchants is all manual and a ERP system is
required that can link all the pricing system to server so that if the suppler update it in
his system it is reflected in Suthar Timber Merchants system

ERP is generally used by companies operating within the supply chain to help keep
track of all the moving parts of manufacturing & distribution ERP stores all entered data
into a single database, allowing to all departments to work with the same information.
Additionally all this data can be organized, analysed and made into reports. ERP brings
together customer management, human resources, business intelligence, financial
management, inventory and supply chain capabilities into one system
In this system its costumer can get the recent price and the merchant can book the
goods at that price from the suppliers this can help a lot in improving sales and better
management.

Challenges in ERP
Data integration: One of the very important uses of ERP is, it provides a single and
accurate source of data for the entire organization. A key step in ERP system
implementation is data migration, which includes the movement of data from one device
to another and from older dives to the new systems with the help of an ERP database.
But first, it is very important to find all forms of data. The information may be spread far
and wide across the organization, buried in accounting systems, department-specific
applications, spreadsheets, and perhaps on pages
Data quality: When all the data is properly located by the organization, data migration
to the ERP system can be started. Data migration involves a serious data hygiene
exercise because multiple departments interact with the same customers, products, or
orders, differently and that can often lead to duplicate versions of the same information
in their systems. This information in the form of data can be stored in various formats,
there can have a lack of consistency, like in addresses or name spellings or they can be
inaccurate, and it may include obsolete information such as customers or suppliers that
have since gone out of business.
Change management. An ERP system implementation involves more than just
switching to a new software system. It typically means overhauling business processes
to take advantage of the efficiency and productivity improvements possible with the new
solution. This requires a major change in the mindset of the people and a change in the
everyday working processes, which presents typical change management challenges.

Conclusion
ERP system is a very integrated system that helps in the smooth flow of managerial
functions. It helps management to solve the most integrated problems of the
management. Suthar Timber Merchants requires a quick need of ERP system that can
help them to enhance the workflow and help them to work smoothly. In order to make
the ERP system work properly, Suthar Timber Merchants can face many challenges
that can become huddle on their way. To overcome this situation Suthar Timber
Merchants need to take strong measures to overcome this situation.

Answer 2

Introduction
There has been a massive amount shift in the generation, utilization storage, and
sharing of health care data from usual storage to the digitization of healthcare data, the
healthcare industry has sure come a long way in optimizing. that is data management
practice. For an industry that has historically lagged behind its contemporaries, the
healthcare segment is leading on cloud adoption. According to the West Monroe
Partner’s report that 35 % of healthcare organizations surveyed held more than 50 % of
data or infrastructure in the cloud. Healthcare thus proved to be farthest along with
cloud assume when compared to other industries.

Benefits of Cloud Computing for Healthcare

1. Security
One of the most common studies when talking about the cloud is how secure to have all
your apps and patient data on a third-party server. But if done well, cloud servers help
improve the security of healthcare providers. And in the case of on-premises solutions,
if the equipment fails, medical institutions might lose their all data & applications, a
potential violation that healthcare institutions can not afford to any risk. Cloud computing
not only allow users to access the information remotely, as it includes automation of
backup & disaster recovery options but in case of a breach, healthcare provider doesn't
want to lose any data and can minimize the downtime for their employees.

2. Cost
Here's a challenge. That companies overall industries are familiar with tight budgets,
which forces them to invest in “keeping the lights on” activities over innovation. Since
cloud computing runs under a subscription model and healthcare providers can save up
money from purchasing expensive systems & equipment. Plus by adopting a cloud
server and healthcare institutions can also decrease costs by using the cloud provider’s
resources.

3. Data Storage.
Healthcare providers have to deal with electronic medical records, patient portals,
mobile apps, big data analytics. And that's a lot of data to manage, analyze, & not all
in-house equipment can store that data. Cloud computing allows healthcare institutions
to store all the data while avoiding the extra cost of maintaining physical servers.

4. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

If there is one field where AI can be intimidating, it’s in healthcare. But with tight
schedules of medical professionals, and now more than ever, as the world continues to
fight a global pandemic, and with the complexity and rise of data, AI and machine
learning capabilities can become a crucial solution to support clinical decisions and
consequently, a faster time-to-treatment.

5. Collaboration
With healthcare organizations moving toward value-based care payment methods,
collaboration between doctors and departments and even institutions are essential. A
medical provider can transfer data between each other through a cloud computing
server, boosting cooperation for better treatment.

Introducing mobile devices for doctors in hospitals

Massive and Continuous Data Flow
The healthcare industry is massive with the phenomenal quantity of data being
transferred every second between healthcare institutions & patients. For the healthcare
providers to have good communication with patients and they need to access the data
flow without hampering their access to information or limitation their activity.

Real-Time Communication
This is one of the biggest advantage that mobile devices have been able to offer the
healthcare sector. With doctors & nurses using smartphone to provide actual
prescriptions & instructions to simplify faster recovery of patients, smartphone allow
them to communicate with the patient in real-time
Physician Efficiency Enhancement
Physicians are an integral part of "healthcare ecosystem". And the job of a physician is
rewarding, sure, but it is also a high-stressful job. Statistics show that almost 60% of
physicians feel stressed & tired from their highly challenging jobs.

Direct Patient Management

Traditional healthcare methods only provide a doctors with a narrow vision and
understanding of how their patients were recovering or taking medicines which only
gave the doctors a limited scope of observation over their patients. Mobile devices in
healthcare are being used in order to overcome this situation.

Convenience
Mobile devices and smart phones have taken over training and learning. People are
increasingly using smart phones to replace bulky books with e-books for better
convenience and accessibility.
Traditional methods of treatments required doctors to run to the library to get info on a
new case. However, with the advent of smart phones, information is just a click away.
This has, in turn, provided for better convenience.

Customization
Physicians are a very important element of healthcare institutions and their job required
a lot of time and energy. Physicians not only handle a lot of patients at a time but also
perform tasks of administrator which makes their job a hectic one. Mobile devices can
help physicians in handling patients more effectively by connecting them through apps
and allowing them to create a user ID for individual patients and customize them
accordingly.

Better Communication
When a patient is admitted to a hospital, he undergoes treatment. When the patient is
discharged from the hospital he is given a prescription for his medicines and certain
instructions by the doctor that he has to flow. Mobile apps and Mobile systems can help
him to keep a track of his instruction in a much smoother way.

Conclusion
Cloud computing is a very modern way of saving and securing data. Data can be
stored in a server and can be accessed from any place of the world this makes the
workflow smoothly and help the management in uniformity of information. Cloud
computing is a process where information is saved in a location and access to that info
can be given to "N" number of users. Users can change, view, or modify information
accounting to the access capacity that they are provided.
The introduction of mobile devices in the health industries are changing the way of
interaction in society and medical institution. Doctors can have access to patients'
history and patients can have a record of the treatment. This helps them interact with
each other in a very quick and direct way.
 Answer 3A

Introduction
The introduction of smart technology in a modern city is the concept of a smart city,
smart cities use software, user interfaces, and communication networks alongside good
Internet access to deliver connected solutions for the public. Of these, the good internet
is the most important. This can include anything from vehicles to home appliances and
on-street sensors.

Alongside the Internet solutions, smart cities also use technologies including:
• Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Cloud Computing Services
• Dashboards
• Machine Learning
• Machine-to-Machine Communications
• Mesh Networks

Key elements of smart cities

The core infrastructure elements in a smart city would include:
 Adequate water supply- Smart cities should have a clean and continuous water
supply throughout the year without any shortage and breakage.
 Assured electricity supply-Smart city should have a regular electricity supply
and must have a backup unit.
 Sanitation, including solid waste management- Smart city must have a proper
waste collection system together with that it must have a proper disposal
wastage system.
 Efficient urban mobility and public transport-Proper transportation system
must be a key element of a smart city so a smart city must have a proper public
transportation system that runs on sustainable fuel.
  Affordable housing, especially for the poor- Smart city must have a proper
housing system that can be affordable for all. A smart building system must be
there that can provide proper housing to everyone with a proper sustainable
use
 Robust IT connectivity and digitalization- Proper IT system is a very
important feature of a smart city. A smart city must have a proper digital
working environment.
 Good governance, especially e-Governance and citizen participation-
Digital governance or e-governance is a very important element in smart city
plans. Government policies must be digitally available and normal citizens can
have direct access to all government schemes.
 Sustainable environment- Smart cities must have development that positively
affects the environment. It must have sustainable development. The smart city
must have a proper water conservation plan with a proper water treatment
plant. It must also have a pollution control system.
 Safety and security of citizens, particularly women, children, and the
elderly- Safety for and individual data must be a topmost priority not only data
but also the safety of women and children
 Health and education- Smart cities have a proper education system that can
have access to education for everyone digital books and digital platforms for
education must be key platforms.

Conclusion
The smart city is the future of the modern era. A smart city is comprised of several
factors that help in a smoother flow of day-to-day activities. all the things that are
required in the personal and social enhancement of an individual and society are the
key components of a smart city. A smart city can enhance the living standards of the
current generation but also provide sustainable living for the future generations.
 Answer 3B

Introduction
Smart cities are the future and they help in building the world a better place. Smart cities
give access to all the basic needs of a society in the most effective way. The
introduction of the smart city in modern society helps in the enhancement of society not
only at the human level as well as the environmental level. A combination of
automation, machine learning, and internet connection allows for the adoption of a
smart city.

Importance of smart city

A smart city provides an environment for the society that delivers a high quality of living
standards to residents while also generating economic growth. We can also say that
smart city delivers a proper package of joined-up services to citizens with a reduction in
infrastructure costing.
The concept of the smart city is becoming increasingly important in light of the future
problems in urban areas, where more efficient use of infrastructure and assets will be
required. Smart city services and applications will allow for these improvements which
will lead to a higher quality of life for citizens.
54% of the world’s population live in cities and this is expected to rise to 66% by 2050,
adding a further 2.5 billion people to the urban population over the next three decades.
With this expected population growth there comes a need to manage the environmental,
social, and economic sustainability of resources. Smart cities make a bridge that helps
the citizens and local government officials to start new initiatives and work hand in hand
to use smart technologies to manage assets & resources in the growing environment.

Challenges in managing smart cities

For all the benefits offered by smart cities, there are also challenges to overcome.
These include government officials allowing wider participation from citizens. There is
also a need for the private and public sectors to align with residents. So that everyone
can positively contribute to the community.
Smart city projects need to be transparent & available to citizens via an open data portal
or mobile app. that allows residents to engage with the data & complete personal tasks
like paying bills, finding efficient transportation options & estimating energy consumption
in the home.
This all requires a solid and secure system of data collection and storage to prevent
hacking or misuse. The Smart city data also needs to be anonymized to prevent privacy
issues from arising. The biggest challenge is quite probably that of connectivity with
thousands or even millions of IoT Devices required to connect and work in unison. This
will allow services to be joined and ongoing improvements to be made as demand
increases.

Conclusion
Smart cities are very important for the growing need of modern society. Technology
aside, smart cities also need to account for social factors that provide a cultural fabric
that is attractive to residents and offers a sense of place. This is particularly important
for those cities that are being created from the ground up and need to attract residents.