Unit 3: Maintaining Dynamic Equilibrium

Human Digestive System Structure and Function

The Alimentary Canal
1. There are ________ components
a. The ________________ alimentary canal
b. The ________________ alimentary canal
c. The ________________ alimentary canal
d. The ________________ parts
2. An adult’s alimentary canal is about ______________ long
The Upper Alimentary Canal
3. The ________________ alimentary canal is composed of:
a. the ____________ - including teeth and tongue
b. the _______________
c. the __________________
d. the __________________ glands
The Mouth
4. the _______________ is designed to support _________________, swallowing, and
____________
5. ______________ are the toughest known substances in the body
6. There are _________ types of teeth
a. _____________ - eight, located in the front of the mouth, used to _________
food
b. _____________ - four, located next to each _______________, used to
___________ food
c. ______________ - four pairs, located next to the _____________, used to
__________ and ____________ food
d. ______________ - twelve, in sets of three, located at the back of the mouth,
used to _____________ food
7. _____________ are used for ___________________ digestion in the mouth
8. Parts of Teeth
a. _______________ - a tough ___________ - like
structure that forms the ____________
b. _______________ - contains the blood
_______________ and _____________
c. ______________ - used for _______________
absorption
d. _________________ - used to _______________
the tooth to the _____________
e. _________________ - all the ________________
membranes of the dental structure includes
_____________, connective tissues, _____________ tissues, nervous tissue

9. ________________ - aids ______________by moving food around

a. aids in ________________ by moving ____________ (chewed food which has
begun the digestion process) to the _____________ of the mouth
10. _________________
a. a flap of ___________________ covering the _____________ opening during
________________
11. ________________
a. the _________________ from the ___________ to the ______________
12. _________________
 a. a thick-walled _________________ tube about _________ long
b. connects the ______________ with the ____________
c. uses ______________ contractions, called _______________, to force the
__________ from the _____________ into the _______________
13. _____________ Glands
a. ____________ - is used for proper ____________of food, provides
_____________ to start __________________ digestion, helps hold together the
formed _____________
The Middle Alimentary Canal
14. The ________________ alimentary canal is composed of:
a. the ____________
b. the _____________ ________________
15. The ________________
a. is the _______________ part of the ________________ tube
b. it is _____________ long and _____________ wide
c. it is a muscular-walled ____________________ sac
d. here food is ______________, _______________, and _____________ with
gastric juices
e. food in the ______________ that is partly ________________ and mixed with
______________ ____________ is called ______________
f. the _______________ expands like a ___________________ as it fills with food
and drink
i. when the _______________ is _______________ it has a volume of
___________
ii. when fully expanded it can expand to hold more than _____________
g. the ______________ is divided into ______ parts
i. ______________ - where ____________ enters
ii. ______________ - the ________ curve of the _____________
iii. ______________ - the _____________ part
iv. ______________ - the ________________ part
16. The ____________ ____________________
a. is about ____________ long and _____________ in diameter
b. has _______ segments
 i. ________________
ii. ________________
iii. ________________
c. the inner wall is covered with ______________ of ________________ finger-like
projections called _____________
d. protects the body against ___________________
e. the ____________________
i. is about ____________ long
ii. is connected to the _____________ by a ____________ called the
______________ ___________________
iii. it is responsible for processing of _____________ and the breakdown of
___________ and ___________________
f. the _________________
i. is responsible for absorption into the ___________________ of amino
acids, _____________, fatty acid particles, ________________, minerals,
_________________, and water
g. the ________________
i. is responsible for the absorption of _________, bile salts,
_____________________, fat-soluble vitamins, and water into the
_____________________
ii. food here is now a _____________ consistency
The Lower Alimentary Canal
17. The ________________ alimentary canal is composed of:
a. _____________ __________________
b. ________________
c. ________________
d. ________________
18. The _____________ ___________________
a. is about _________ long
b. connects to the ____________ of the small intestine by the
__________________ ___________
c. responsible for
 i. moving _______________ from the __________ intestine to the
____________
ii. absorption of ________________
iii. _________________ fermentation
d. it has ___________ segments
i. _____________________ colon
ii. _____________________ colon
iii. _____________________
19. The ____________________ colon
a. is a ________________ at the beginning of the _____________ intestine
b. it is a ___________________ area
c. it _________________ in diameter
20. The ____________________ colon
a. is responsible for the absorption of ____________ and ____________
21. The ___________________
a. is designed to ___________ the movement of _____________
22. The ___________________
a. is a small, _______________, finger-like pouch
b. it hangs at the end of the _________________
c. it no longer appears to have a ______________________
23. The ____________________
a. stores the firm ______________, ____________, until ready to
________________ from the body
24. The ___________________
a. contains a specialised _____________ - the ___________ _________________
which prevents the body _______________ from escaping until the appropriate
_____________
Auxiliary Parts
25. There are __________ auxiliary parts
a. ________________
b. _________ _____________________
c. _______________
26. The _________________
 a. is located below the ___________________
b. made of a group of ________________
c. is used to ____________ and _______________ blood sugar, the sorting and
_______________ of vitamins and ________________, the breaking down of
_______________, and the recycling of old ____________ cells
27. The __________ __________________
a. holds ____________ created in the ______________
b. concentrates the _______________ while it waits for _____________
28. The __________________
a. is a _____________
b. is about ___________ long
c. produces _______________ juices containing _______________, and
_______________
The Phases of Digestion
29. There are ________ phases of digestion
a. _____________________ phase
i. preparation for _____________________
ii. ____________ is produced
iii. digestive _________________ are produced
b. _____________________ phase
i. the ______________ breaking down of food into _______________
pieces
c. _____________________ phase
i. _______________ softens food
ii. digestive _______________ break food down into _______________
components for easy ___________________
d. _____________________ phase
i. the __________________ and __________________ of nutrients from
the digestive system to the body
e. _____________________ phase
i. the ________________ of undigested ________________