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12 views

Unit 1

Uploaded by

Marie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A number is a mathematical value used for counting or measuring or labelling

objects. Numbers are used to performing arithmetic calculations.


Examples: natural numbers, whole numbers, rational and irrational numbers, etc. 0 is
also a number that represents a null value.

A number system is thus a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a


given set by using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner.
There are various types of number systems in mathematics. The four most common
number system types are:

 Decimal number system (Base- 10)


 Binary number system (Base- 2)
 Octal number system (Base-8)
 Hexadecimal number system (Base- 16)
1. Decimal Number System (Base 10 Number System)
 The decimal number system has a base of 10 because it uses ten digits from 0 to 9.
In the decimal number system, the positions successive to the left of the decimal
point represent units, tens, hundreds, thousands and so on. This system is
expressed in decimal numbers. Every position shows a particular power of the
base (10).
Example: The decimal number 1457 consists of the digit 7 in the units position, 5 in
the tens place, 4 in the hundreds position, and 1 in the thousands place whose value
can be written as:
(1×103) + (4×102) + (5×101) + (7×100)
(1×1000) + (4×100) + (5×10) + (7×1)
1000 + 400 + 50 + 7
1457
2. Binary Number System (Base 2 Number System)
The base 2 number system is also known as the Binary number system wherein, only
two binary digits exist, i.e., 0 and 1. Specifically, the usual base-2 is a radix of 2. The
figures described under this system are known as binary numbers which are the
combination of 0 and 1. For example, 110101 is a binary number.
We can convert any system into binary and vice versa.
Example
Write (14)10 as a binary number.
 Solution:
3. Octal Number System (Base 8 Number System)
 In the octal number system, the base is 8 and it uses numbers from 0 to 7 to
represent numbers. Octal numbers are commonly used in computer applications.
Converting an octal number to decimal is the same as decimal conversion and is
explained below using an example.
Example: Convert 2158 into decimal.
Solution:
2158 = 2 × 82 + 1 × 81 + 5 × 80
= 2 × 64 + 1 × 8 + 5 × 1
= 128 + 8 + 5
= 14110
4. Hexadecimal Number System (Base 16 Number System)
In the hexadecimal system, numbers are written or represented with base 16. In the
hexadecimal system, the numbers are first represented just like in the decimal
system, i.e. from 0 to 9. Then, the numbers are represented using the alphabet from A
to F. The below-given table shows the representation of numbers in the hexadecimal
number system.
Conversion between number Basses
Asignment

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