Scribd
Upload
12 views

General Biology Practical - BIOL222: Lab 1: Biology Laboratory & Microscopes

The document provides an overview of a biology laboratory practical course. It outlines the course topics and schedule. It then details the objectives and safety rules of the first lab on microscopy. It describes the basic parts and uses of microscopes and steps for viewing slides safely under the microscope.

Uploaded by

mojada188
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views

General Biology Practical - BIOL222: Lab 1: Biology Laboratory & Microscopes

The document provides an overview of a biology laboratory practical course. It outlines the course topics and schedule. It then details the objectives and safety rules of the first lab on microscopy. It describes the basic parts and uses of microscopes and steps for viewing slides safely under the microscope.

Uploaded by

mojada188
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

General Biology Practical - BIOL222

Lab 1: Biology Laboratory &


Microscopes
1. Biology Laboratory and Microscopes. 4
2. Chemistry of Living Organisms. 4
3. Cells Structure and Function. 4
4. Cell Division -Meiosis. 2
5. Cell Division - Mitosis 2
6. Diversity of Living Organisms (Bacteria). 2
7. Diversity of Living Organisms (Fungi). 2 COURSE
8. Diversity of Living Organisms (Protists). 2
9. Animal Tissues 4
OUTLINE
10. Plant Tissues 2
11. External and Internal Fish Anatomy 2
Total 30
Percentage of
No Assessment Activities *
Assessment
timing
Total
Assessment
MARKS
(in week no)

4 Quiz (lab) 6th 5%


Score
DISTRIBUTION
Lab activities (Lab report Weekly 15%
5
and Homework)
6 Lab final exam 14th 10%
Total 30%
Lab 1 Objectives

➢A brief understanding of microscope (basic


structure; principle; using, and function;).

➢ Complete knowledge of laboratory safety rules


and guidelines.
Lab rules
 Appropriate clothing must be worn in the lab (Lab coat).
 Long hair should be tied back.
 Remember to wash your hands before and after performing the
experiment.
 Be careful using the sharp instrument as blade/scalpel etc.
 Familiarize yourself with the location of safety equipment (including
fire extinguishers, eye washes, and first-aid kits), as well as
evacuation routes.
 Do not inhale, never taste or apply stain or any chemical as it
maybe harmful.
 Eating and drinking are not allowed in any laboratory.
 All injuries, no matter how small, must be reported to the lab
supervisor.
Some Common Instruments

1-Scalpel: Used to cut out thin slices and peel.

2-Fine scissors: Used for cutting.

3-Forceps: Used for picking up very thin


slices or material.
Some Common Instruments, Continuous
4-Fine needles: Used for: placing the cover
slip on the slide.

5-Spatula: Used to pick up solid chemicals

6-A dropper: Used for putting a drop of


liquid on the slide.
Some Common Instruments, Continuous
7-Glass slides:
is a thin and flat piece of glass used for
preparing temporary or permanent sample.

8-Cover slips (Very thin glass cover):


Used for:
➢ covering the material placed on slide to be
observed under the microscope.
➢ This protects the objective lens.
Some Common Instruments, Continuous
9-Petridish
➢ Is a shallow dish often with a cover.
➢ Used for soaking specimen for the purpose of
preservation, staining etc.
➢ Also used to keep a medium on which bacteria
or small organisms may be cultured.

10-Beaker
➢ Available in various sizes like 100 ml and 250ml etc.
➢ Used for preparing and storing chemicals and
performing experiments.
Some Common Instruments, Continuous
11-Flask:
➢ A bottle with a narrow neck used in the laboratory for
performing experiments (keeping solution, for heating solution
etc).
12-Funnel
➢ Available in various sizes i.e. in different diameter of the mouth of
the funnel.
➢ Used during filtration of solutions.
13-Pipette
➢ A slender graduated glass tube for measuring and
transferring known volume of liquid.
Some Common Instruments, Continuous

14- Bunsen burner


- Used for heating. It should be extinguished
immediately after use.
Microscope

What is a Microscope:

It is an instrument used to view objects that are


too small to be seen by the naked eye.

There are many types of microscopes


Compound light microscope
Eye-Piece:
Contains lenses to increase
magnification.
Arm:
Supports body tube and coarse
adjustment.
Base:
Firm support bearing weight of
microscope.
Compound light microscope, Continuous
Nose-Piece:
Permits interchange of low and high powered
objectives.

Objective:
Contains lenses of different magnificationas10X,40X,
100X.

Stage:
Supports slide.

Stage Clips:
Hold slide firmly in place.
Compound light microscope
Compound light microscope, Continuous

Scanning lens 4X magnification

Low power lens 10X magnification

High power lens 40-45Xmagnification

Oil immersion lens 100X magnification


Steps Used In Viewing A Slide
1. Obtain a slide.
2. Check that the ocular and all objective lenses as well as the
slide clean.
3. Use the coarse adjustment knob to obtain maximum working
distance.
4. Place the slide on the stage, the slide should fit into the slide
holder.
5. Use the stage adjustment knob to move the slide over the
hole in the stage.
6. Rotate the lower objective in place.
7. Use the coarse adjustment knob to obtain the minimum
working distance.
8. Look through the ocular lens.
Steps Used in Viewing a Slide, Continuous
9. Slowly turn the coarse adjustment knob until something
comes into focus. Use the fine adjustment knob to sharpen
the focus.
10.Using the stage adjustment knob move the slide around until you find
an area you wish to examine more closely. Move the slide until the
object you wish to examine is in the centre of the field.
11.Rotate the high power objective into place.
12.Use the fine adjustment knob to sharpen the focus. Do not use the
coarse adjustment knob.
13.When finished viewing the slide use the coarse adjustment knob to
maximize the working distance and remove the slide from the stage.
14.If you are finished with the microscope clean the microscope and
return it to storage.
Microscope Safety Cautions
➢ Always carry the microscope in an upright position using both hands.
➢ Keep the microscope away from the edge of the table.
➢ Always examine a slide first with the low-or medium power objective,
never use the high – power objective to view thick specimens.
➢ Remove slide only after low-power objective has been rotated into
viewing position, never when
high – power objective is in position.
➢ Keep the stage dry at all times. As wet stage will prevent the slide from
being accurately positioned.

When returning your microscope to its proper place in the cabinet always:
1. Remove the slide from mechanical stage.
2. Clean all lens surface and the stage.
3. Rotate the nosepiece that the scanning lens is in place.
Procedure For Cleaning A Microscope
1. Turn off the light.
2. Using the coarse adjustment knob to obtain maximum working
distance and remove the slide from the stage.
3. Using lens papers clean the lenses starting with the cleanest first
ocular, and objectives lens.
4. Clean any oil off of the stage using paper towels.
5. Rotate the scanning objective into place. Use the coarse
adjustment knob to obtain minimum working distance.
6. Return the microscope to the appropriate storage area.
Lab Worksheet
Q1: Identify the below image and label its parts
Thanks for your attention

You might also like