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Asynchronous Task 5 - Musculoskeletal System

The document discusses the musculoskeletal system including bones, muscles and movement. It describes the structure and composition of bones as well as the different types of muscles in the body. The activity section lists questions about assessing the musculoskeletal system including subjective data to collect, equipment used and abnormal findings.

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Joab Staines
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26 views

Asynchronous Task 5 - Musculoskeletal System

The document discusses the musculoskeletal system including bones, muscles and movement. It describes the structure and composition of bones as well as the different types of muscles in the body. The activity section lists questions about assessing the musculoskeletal system including subjective data to collect, equipment used and abnormal findings.

Uploaded by

Joab Staines
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SAINT MICHAEL’S COLLEGE OF LAGUNA

OLD NATIONAL ROAD, PLATERO, CITY OF BINAN LAGUNA


HEALTH ASSESSMENT

ASYNCHRONOUS TASK NO 5
MUSCULOSKELETAL ASSESSMENT
INTRODUCTION:

The musculoskeletal system is made up of the body’s bones (the skeleton), muscles,
cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints and other connective tissue that supports and
binds tissues and organs together. Its primary functions include supporting the body,
allowing motion and protecting vital organs.
Bones are more than just the scaffolding that holds the body together. Bones come
in all shapes and sizes and have many roles. In this article, we explain their function,
what they are made of, and the types of cells involved.

Bones have many functions. They support the body structurally, protect our vital
organs, and allow us to move. Also, they provide an environment for bone marrow,
where the blood cells are created, and they act as a storage area for minerals,
particularly calcium.

At birth, we have around 270 soft bones. As we grow, some of these fuse. Once we
reach adulthood, we have 206 bones.

The largest bone in the human body is the


thighbone or femur, and the smallest is the stapes in
the middle ear, which are just 3 millimeters (mm)
long.

Bones are mostly made of the protein collagen,


which forms a soft framework. The mineral calcium
phosphate hardens this framework, giving it
strength. More than 99 percent of our body’s
calcium is held in our bones and teeth.

Bones have an internal structure similar to a


honeycomb, which makes them rigid yet relatively
light.

The structure of bones

Bones are composed of two types of tissue:


1. Compact (cortical) bone: A hard outer layer that is dense, strong, and durable. It
makes up around 80 percent of adult bone mass.
2. Cancellous (trabecular or spongy) bone: This consists of a network of
trabeculae or rod-like structures. It is lighter, less dense, and more flexible than
compact bone.
Also found in bones:
a. osteoblasts and osteocytes, responsible for creating bone
b. osteoclasts or bone resorbing cells
c. osteoid, a mix of collagen and other proteins
d. inorganic mineral salts within the matrix
e. nerves and blood vessels
f. bone marrow
g. cartilage
h. membranes, including the endosteum and periosteum

SKELETAL MUSCLES MOVEMENT

Abduction- Moving away from midline of


the body
Adduction- Moving toward midline of the
body
Circumduction- Circular motion
Inversion- Moving inward
Eversion- Moving outward
Extension- straightening the extremity at
the joint and increasing the angle of the
joint
Hyperextension- joint bends greater than
180 degrees
Flexion- bending the extremity at the joint
and decreasing the angle of the joint
Pronation- turning or facing downwards
Retraction-moving backward
Rotation-turning of a bone on its own
long axis

MASSIVE MUSCLES OF THE BODY


There are three types of muscles in your body:

1. Skeletal muscle: Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles, meaning you


control how and when they move and work. Nerves in your somatic nervous
system send signals to make them function. If you reach for a book on a shelf,
you’re using skeletal muscles in your neck, arm and shoulder.
2. Cardiac muscle: Cardiac muscles are only in your heart. They help your heart
pump blood throughout your body. They’re involuntary muscles that your
autonomic nervous system controls. That means they work without you
having to think about it.
3. Smooth muscle: Smooth muscle makes up your organs, blood
vessels, digestive tract, skin and other areas. Smooth muscles are
involuntary, too. So, your autonomic nervous system controls them as well.
For example, muscles in your urinary system help rid your body of waste and
toxins.

ACTIVITY:

1. What are the subjective and data that you may get to a client in assessing the
musculoskeletal system? Give at least 10
2. Pain: Location, intensity, duration, and character of any pain experienced.
3. Stiffness: Any feelings of stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of
inactivity.
4. Functional Limitations: Difficulties performing daily activities or specific tasks.
5. Weakness: Perception of muscle weakness or fatigue.
6. Joint Instability: Sensation of joints "giving way" or instability.
7. Swelling: Any noticeable swelling in joints or muscles.
8. Previous Injuries: History of fractures, sprains, or surgeries.
9. Exercise and Activity Levels: Regular physical activity or exercise routines.
10. Occupation and Hobbies: Activities that might contribute to musculoskeletal strain or
injury.
11. Medication and Treatments: Current or past use of medications and other treatments
for musculoskeletal issues


12. What is the equipment that you will use to assess the musculoskeletal
system?
13. What are some of the abnormal findings that you may get in:
13.1 Posture and gait
13.2 Temporomandibular Joint
13.3 Sternoclavicular joint
13.4 Cervico, thoracic and lumbar spine
14. What is phallen test? How is it performed?
15. What is Muscle strength test? Give the muscle strength in accord with the
following strength table

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