DOMINICAN COLLEGE OF TARLAC

CAPAS, TARLAC
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN MATHEMATICS GRADE 9

ILLUSTRATES THE TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS: SINE, COSINE, TANGENT

In Partial fulfilment of the requirements for the course

MATH 11 – Calculus 1 with Analytic Geometry

Prepared by:

SUMANDI, RACHELLE B.

BSED Math 2A

Evaluated by:

MARICEL YUMUL
Instructor

DETAILED LESSON PLAN MATHEMATICS GRADE 9

I. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Explain the primary trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, tangent;
2. Relate trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, tangent in real-life scenario; and
3. Solve problems involving trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, tangent.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

A. Topic: Illustrates the six trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, tangent
B. Curriculum: K-12
C. Reference/s: Trigometry, Chapter 1: Right Triangle Trigometry, pages 29-32
D. Teaching-Learning Materials (TLMs): Whiteboard, visual aids, PowerPoint
presentation,
E . Values Integrated: Collaboration, critical thinking, communication

III. PROCEDURE

A. Preliminary Activities

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

a. Greetings
Good morning, class!

b. Prayer Good morning, Ma`am!

Let us pray first.

The students will pray.

c.
Classroom Management
Before taking your seats, kindly check the
alignment of your chairs and pick up the piece of The students will follow.
papers under it.

d. Checking of Attendance
Is there any absentee for today? The class secretary will give the list
of absentees to the teacher.
e.
Review
Let`s have a recap of what you have learned
from our previous lesson.
Students will recapitulate the
previous lesson.

Who can recall our precious lesson? The students will volunteer.

Very good!
 B. Developmental

1. Motivation
Today, we are going to learn more about the
primary trigonometric ratios: which are the sine,
cosine, and tangent. But before that, Let’s play a
game called “2 PICS 1 WORD”. In this game I will
group you into two groups and I need five
representatives each group. Each representative will
do the jack en poy and the group who will win will
get the chance to answer. At the end of the game,
the group who will get the higher score will be the
winner.

Is that clear?
Yes, Ma’am!
Let’s start!

RIGHT TRIANGLE

RATIO

SIN
 OPPOSITE

TAN

2. Presentation
The new topic that we are about to tackle is all
about Trigonometric ratios. But before we start the
discussion, let me give you a brief information about
trigonometry. Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics
that deals with the relation between the sides and angle
of a triangle.

Right Triangle Trigonometry often used to find

the length of one side or the measure of an acute angle of
a right triangle.

3. Discussion
In your previous lessons, you have learned about
the mean and variance of probability distribution. Today,
you will learn about the trigonometric ratios. There are
actually six functions of an angle commonly used in
trigonometry. But for today’s lesson, we are going to
tackle the three primary trigonometric ratios, which are
the sine, cosine, and tangent.

One of the most important side of the right

triangle is the hypotenuse. Any idea what is hypotenuse?
The students will volunteer.

That is correct!
 Hypotenuse is always the side opposite the right
angle, it is the longest side of a right triangle.

The side opposite an angle is called the opposite

side and the side which also a side of the angle is called
an adjacent side.

In this given example figure, what is the

hypotenuse, opposite, and adjacent side of the ∠B?

c
b

C B
a

The hypotenuse is c
The opposite side of ∠B is the side b
The adjacent side of ∠B is the side a

Were you able to follow, class?

Yes, ma’am!
The primary trigonometric ratios:

Function Name Abbreviation Ratio of

Lengths
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
Sine sin
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
Cosine cos
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
Tangent tan
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

This primary trigonometric ratios are also known

as SOH-CAH-TOA.

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
SOH meaning sin=ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒

𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
CAH meaning cos=ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
TOA meaning tan=𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

Let us have an example, what is the sin B, cos B,

and tan B of the given right triangle?
 A

4 5

C B
3

First, we will identify the sin B.

The opposite of ∠B is 4

There is no doubt that 5 is the hypotenuse since it

is the longest side and the opposite of the right angle.

4
Therefore, sin B = 5

For cos B, any volunteer? I will guide you.

The adjacent side of ∠B is 3.

What is the adjacent side of ∠B?

Okay. Then, what is the hypotenuse?

The hypotenuse is 5
Alright. Therefore, the cos B is? 3
The cos B is 5

Good job!

Who wants to answer for tan B? Any volunteer? The opposite side of ∠B is 4.
This time with no guidance. The adjacent side of ∠B is 3.
4
Therefore, tan B = 3

Good job! You may take your seat.

Were you able to follow, class? Any questions or

clarifications?
None, ma’am.

Now, what if the given has an unknown? What

are you going to do?
 For example, what is the sin A of this given
figure?

c=?
4

C B
3

When you encounter this, all you need to do is to

find the unknown by using Pythagorean Theorem. In this
case, the unknown is the hypotenuse therefore, c2= a2+b2.
Then, substitute c2 = 32 + 42
c = √9 + 16
c = √25
c=5
3
Therefore, sin A=5

But what if the unknown is the adjacent side of

∠A and you need to find the cos A? Any volunteer?

A Students will volunteer.

5
b=?

C B
3

Use Pythagorean Theorem again but this time b

or adjacent side being the unknown.
52 = 32 + b2
Transpose,52 – 32 = b2
√25 – 9 = b
√16 = b
b=4
4
Therefore, cos A=5
 And when the unknown is the opposite side of
∠A? What is tan A? Any volunteer but this time with no
guidance.
A

4 5

C B
a=?

Use Pythagorean Theorem but this time a or

opposite side being the unknown. 52 = a2 + 42
Transpose, 52 – 42 = a2
√25 – 16 = a
√9 = a
a=3
3
Therefore, tan A=4

For the next example, determine the equation or

formula to find a missing part of a right triangle.

z=12
x

54°
Z
X
y

a) Solve for y
Identify the given.
∠X is an acute angle
z is the hypotenuse
y is the adjacent side to ∠X

𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
Use CAH that is cos X =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑦
Then substitute, cos 54° = 12
Cross multiply, y = 12 cos 54°

b) Solve for x
Identify the given.
∠X is an acute angle
z is the hypotenuse
x is the opposite side to ∠X

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
Use SOH that is sin X = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
 𝑥
Then substitute, sin 54° =
12
Cross multiply, x = 12 sin 54°

x=10 z

54°
Z X
y

c) Solve for y
Identify the given.
∠X is an acute angle
x is the opposite side to ∠X
y is the adjacent side to ∠X

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
Use TOA that is tan X = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
10
Then substitute, tan 54° = 𝑦
Cross multiply, y tan 54° = 10
Divide both sides by tan 54°
10
y = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 54°

C. Closure
1. Application

Imagine, you are in a forest with your group and

a rope is attached to the top of a vertical, straight tree.
The other end of the rope is tied to a point on the level
ground at a distance of 10 feet from the base of the tree
which is also on level ground. The rope makes an angle
of 30 degrees with the level ground. Use SOH-CAH-
TOA to calculate the height of the tree.

2. Generalization
Okay let me see if you were able to grasp our
The longest side of the right
lesson. What is the longest side of the right triangle?
triangle is hypotenuse.

What are the primary trigometric ratio?

Sine, cosine, and tangent
 Very good! I am glad that you really learned the
topic.

IV. Evaluation
Direction: Find the unknown and determine the sin X, cos X , and tan X.
Y

12
x=?

45°

Z X
8

V. Assignment

Have an advance study about the reciprocal of the primary trigometric ratio.