wlhee wheve

(6 ()penetated
ttent in
(A1) wlee Mjuatewhen ofof tlatputodiode,
whenIhonn un
clevtons Poximation
pholodiode. the unity TuspOCCN,
lhe
7)
ombinaion photocAriCa thoe nuthc anc The 10 A#
bian is all m
Tllieuned
he plhotodetetion
valic in in
optical quantu11
itCuit l'm M) otler NMatinticn ytatinticnl prineipal dehled NDlojdally the
und/orphotodiode in and avetape
In of il condiion alpnal
ol eated Nuface 00\uc,
a bulk the in llotNe bundwililh follow nntute in
holes petmental
nore notnc liq. ot
APD, ia
devlee
and dark lipurc ro
ron inwident lenkape vaivng tlhe
A', dark-cuCnt
a uNOwated (4
eCN*,
hesewichAIfee eCnt delnil wce Pojmon ol 94). statialically
when lo asNocinted opiiized. they the the
tesults, wlhich
libotaled are Sce,
in plhotoclectriepoduetion eunent
on mput
curents.
thcmully is (witl1 scl noixc with
isolotodeteetor. occ*, t aigal val
lipht inthe o,4. it
with proportionl TIhe the no0NC.
has plutodeteclos yilg )
carieIN T1lheement l'opin 0 lower Since geneated ol
the qunntum cllect
ponerated 0neident ben ndThe uvalancte
olulation
bulk Andonm limit the
nlso luut collecvtion
photodiodes, I.0lound
) tlhuctuationn
o te qumtum It in
durk on noixe on becnhus the
got incontinucs depoudn Dature the n pan
the mdannontal the thut Iudox
cccleratedpholodiodo.
curent
tlhe that average
unent lbulk
ot
rccciver of huve an
pn denonstratod"" shot
nuatorial cdetued
to 7 onto of photoclevtrouR in ,
junetion ln low And tle athe vlue huN the nolse o tlio
roUNONablo seusitivity 10(0
)
byarises nuterial.
avulunche property numbor intenal (6-D) aipnal in 11) (0
the 'This
through (0) (6-13) menn
of nriacn of l.
of th
high tho Ironm is are the
a

plhotodioden iv wlioeA
ineroanN way voltugo,
pivonlhrough
by d wliqro lunwhe
nimply oloviie
Itetoake
bronkdowII bulk
lie The /y puu lirkd
A ; fiom
compurion"of clfet, in the in
witl1 witl1
(he the ne leakapexurfuce theenin.
vollage nuttnve preul
tlhc the given aurluce thc lod
Noumalled l puimuuy
Nurluce
a
dark
componition
arca. ln. iu tenisto.gumsd cutrent. A
wsea.
bins The ip. lenkye (mulipliel) curront Tie th
Note typieal dark Wnn)-M - pu
vultugo
surlnco that
6 TIhe tiny An It cap
0.0 ( 9ctCnt. effective is u Junetion,
. an cumCnt
dutk structusc
(/V,) mcun depesdent alno
fon a Ajte
dark0uderfunction
0.8
curent, selorrod
In, Note
in nqune wny2qinM'rM)D
dctector nnd
pol wlhich
current Vnlue
L.0
revetNe a Guaflectcd of tlhat of on
An fos Value to
of e
(Ropiodcel
Yamaucli, Si, A applicd tcdueing xurfaee
vompurison
Go, GURE0-9 Si, ainee niunts anbulk heelore
incrcascs
jphotodjndexbia%, thin
GaAs, Cie, by of a
yoltagc avalanchic the surfuce dark current
and aufaee dclccts,
witlh and of both GuAs, the surfuce vurfaCc current. muiltiplicd
Kanbe, bius typical
normalizvd
voltage. in uvalanehc
pemission LinGaAs lark
proportionnormalizxl leakage
the and leakagc in
datk multiplication darkcleanlines,
datk giveu
plotodiolos cuuronts durk by
|O80, ourrents n,Gu gain CuIront ctrent cuWtenl
tronm current% by the
current to
lo (615)
13 14)(0-
Susa,
E the abo the ,As bi:ax av
aslor is in is on

245