Present simple vs present continuous

Grade 9

1) I_____________(learn) French because I need it for my new job.

2) Why _____ (you look) at me like that?

3) I have to go. Everybody ______________ (wait) for me.

4) I___________(not wear) a coat as it isn't cold.

5) What_______________(baby/do)? He ___________(tear up) a $5 note.

6) I bet I know what ______________(you/think ) about. It's that math test.

7) I______________(read) a play by Shakespeare.

8) He __________(teach) French and Greek this summer.

9) Well, for this holiday I__________ (save) more money.

10) People ______(get) more and more interested in animal communication these days.

11) This summer I___________(share) a room in the hotel with another person.

12) I_________(have) a lot of problems with my computer because of a programme I installed

recently.

13) I _____________(stay) with my brother because my flat is being painted.

14) My parents _____________ (look after) my dog while I'm away.

15) This week our tours ___________(take) a little longer.

16) Why______you_______(not write) your blog this week?

17) Why ________(you)___________(learn) a sign language now?

18) I speak German and French but Ann________________.

19) (he /always/wear) ______________a hat?

20) Mr. and Mrs Maddox usually _______________ at the weekend. They buy everything they

need.

21) They____________ (work) hard to earn money for their school trip next month.

22) Because I__________________(fall in love with) with a girl who can't hear.

23) I_____________(revise) for my exams to graduate my college soon.

24) Scientists from different universities ______________(work) on Dr Doolittle project to

understand animal communication.

25) Fuel prices ____________(rise) constantly because of strong demand.

26) You _____(always) ______________(lose) the keys

27) I______________(mind) my own business.

28) Money ____________ on trees. (not grow)

29) The earth ____________ (travel) around the sun in approximately 365 days.

30) I_____________(get) married in June

31) We ___________(not/go) to the theatre tonight because we haven't got the tickets.

32) I______________(meet) my friends after work.

33) ______you______(fly) back on Saturday?

34) What ______________(you do) tonight? I_____________(meet) a designer.

35) What did she put in this food? It _________ (taste) awful.

Past simple

1) 'How______ the accident_______?' I don't know. I didn't see it.' (happen)

2) To make sure we ________ plenty of time to eat breakfast and get ready on the first

day of the school, I________ everybody up early – so early that it was still dark. (have

/ wake)

3) My grandmother, who died five years ago, never ______________ abroad. (go)

4) Have you seen my watch? I ___________it on my desk last night. (lay)

5) Harry _______ and we _______ him the news. (wake up / tell)

6) A few days ago dad _________ his car in front of a No Parking sign and ________

into the shop. When he _______ out ten minutes later the car was no longer there.

(park / rush / come)

7) When I _________ him I _______ the road to avoid the meeting. (see / cross)

8) The thieves _____out of the bank, ____ into their car and _____down the street.

(run/jump/drive)
Past continuous

1) A minor earthquake occurred at 2:07 A.M on January 3. Most of the people in the

village ________ at the time and didn't even know it had occurred until the next

morning. (sleep)

2) Whenever she saw Bill, he ________ the same book. (write)

3) We arrived in Cannes at 2.30. The sun ________, people __________ on the beach

and big yachts __________ near the harbour. (shine /sunbath / sail)

4) ______the car really _______ strange noises all the way home? (make)

5) They _______ dinner, ________ their plans, and _______ a good time. (eat/ discuss/

have)

6) The weather was bad as I_________ in a queue for the cinema - It ______ heavily and

a cold wind_________ . (stand / rain / blow)

7) Sorry, I _________ to you while you _________. (not listen / talk)

8) _______you________ while Kevin ___________ the new policy? (listen / explain)

Sentences emphasising the distinction between the use of past simple and past

continuous. (Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in

brackets)

9) Yesterday when I __________ home from school, a man _________ out on the road.

Luckily I _________ very fast, so I managed to stop in time and ________ him. (cycle

/ step / not go / hit)

10) Why did you disagree with me at the meeting? ______ you _______ to make me look

incompetent? (try)

11) The Titanic _______ the Atlantic when it __________ an iceberg. (cross / strike)

12) When ______you ______ that the train ________ into the opposite direction? (realise /

go)

Present perfect simple

1) My friend is a writer . He _________ many books. ( write )

2) Kathy travels a lot. She __________ many countries. ( visit)

3) I knew when I saw her that she was the most beautiful woman I __________ . ( ever see)

4) Jane is my friend. We __________ each other for years. ( know)

5) “ ___________ you ____________ your homework? “ “ Yes, I have. “ (do)

6) I __________ to Madrid three times. ( be )

7) His sister __________ in a theatre all her life and she enjoys it. ( play)

8) I’m ready now. I __________ my work. ( finish )

9) I____________3km to get to work. (ride)

10) We _______________ all of our chores. (finish)

11) I ___________the teacher that I will be absent next week. (tell)

12) She ___________many jobs. (have)

13) Why is the newspaper in the bin? _________ dad ________ it? (read)

14) They are here. They _____________ to Paris. (not/go)

15) She looks rather pale. _______ she _______ anything to eat today? (eat)

16) How _______ she _________ this fantastic cake? (make)

17) I____________ any free time for a month. (have)

18) Since last year, the streets _______________ more crowded. (become)

19) He __________ me for 7 years now, but he still _____________ me to marry him. (court/ask)

20) Jack __________to Switzerland for a holiday; I _____ never _______ there. (be/go)

21) How many of these questions ______you _______ to get right so far? (manage)

22) He's an awful driver. He ________ four accidents in the last three months. (have)

23) _______ you _______ your new job? (start)

24) Ouch! I ____________ my finger with that terrible knife again! (cut)
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE APPROPRIATE TIME ADVERBIALS: just, yet, already, since, for,
ever, never!

1) _________ you gave me your number I've phoned you 4 times and haven't found you at

home.

2) That boy hasn't washed his face ________ some time.

3) I have _______ seen that film.

4) Has she _______ worked in such a place?

Present perfect continuous

Grade 9

Complete the sentences with the correct present perfect continuous form of the verbs in

brackets

1) I’m tired. I ________ all day and I’m not done, yet. (work)

2) How long _____________ here? (you/wait)

3) I __________ this room. It will look good when it’s finished. (paint)

4) Your mother is still in the kitchen. She _________ all morning. (cook)

5) We _______ this garage ourselves and hope to finish it within the next two months. (build)

6) You ________ this book for ages. (read)

7) “ Look, her eyes are red. “ She ________ again. (cry)

8) Mark _________ his homework since 8.15. (do )

9) My feet are tired. I ________ here for hours. ( stand)

10) I’m learning English. I ________ English for s9 months. (learn)

11) Peter________ for that company for ten years now. (work)

12) You look dirty. What _________ all the time? (you/do)

Past perfect simple

Grade 9

Complete the sentences with the correct past simple or past perfect simple form of the

verbs in brackets
10

1) The doctor ____________ (come) quickly, but the patient _________. ( already die)

2) They_________ (eat) everything by the time I ___________ (arrive) at the party.

3) __________ when the trouble started? (you/leave)

4) Jane ________ ( finish)her homework by the time her parents ________ (get) home.

5) George _________ asleep this morning because he_______ up late last night. (fall/stay)

6) He was late. When he ________ at the airport, the plane _________. (arrive/leave)

7) When I ________ my purse, someone _________ the money out of it. (find/take)

8) I couldn’t open the office door because someone _______(lock) it.

9) There was nobody at the office. Mr. Brown _________(tell) the staff to go home.

10) I had a pleasant surprise when I ________ (get) to my room, someone ________(put) some

flowers there for me.

11) They ___________ (not want) to see the film again because they _______ (see)it twice

already.

12) The teacher ___________ (not allow) her do the exam because when she arrived, the exam

________(start).

"used to " and "would" Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to or would

1) I _________ watch television a lot but I don’t any more.

2) _________ to play football when you were younger? (you)

3) They _________ to like us but now they do. ( negative )

4) She _______ be an employee at the post office before she started her own business.

5) I ________ be a waiter, but now I’m a taxi-driver.

6) He ___________ like his job.

7) When I was a student, I __________ love sleeping late on the weekends.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets (will + infinitive, going to for
future, present simple, will+be+ present participle, will+ perfect infinitive)
1) Tom _______( not/ pass) his exam. He hasn't done any work for it.

2) They ________probably _____(be) a little late this evening.

3) I think I________(make ) some tea when this programme finishes.

4) „ Darling, I want to see the world!“ „ I __________( give ) you an atlas for next birthday.“

5) When you return home, you _______(notice) a lot of changes.

6) You ___________________(finish) your report by this time next week.

7) __________they _________________(arrive) by 5:00?

8) I________________________(not/complete) the project before the deadline. I just can't.

9) She hopes she _______________________(win) lots of prizes before she is twenty.

10) By 2025, Adam ____________________(sell) sports equipment for 10 years.

11) We ______________________(work) here for three years by the time visa needs to be

renewed.

12) Next year is Ted and Amy's 25th anniversary . They ______________(be ) married for 25 years.

13) We're late . I guess the film ______already __________________(start) by the time we get to

the theatre.

14) Lucy and Steve __________________(live ) here for four years next May.

15) I _________________(watch) TV when she arrives tonight.

16) By Christmas she _____________________(ski) like a pro.

17) She ________________________(sing ) a song for the audience. She was preparing for it the

whole week.

18) I ____________________(eat) with Jane this evening so I can tell her.

19) Unfortunately, sea levels __________still_____________________(rise) in 20 years.

20) He __________________________(come) to the meeting, I expect.

21) I guess you________________________(feel) thirsty after working in the sun.

22) Students ___________________________(learn) new lessons next year.

23) I can feel a cold breeze coming from the north. It _________________ (cold) tonight.

24) The race is almost over and he is at the front. He __________________ (win).

25) He _______________ (win) this race. He's won lots of races before.

26) I__________________ (leave) at ten. I start working at 6 a.m.

27) I____________________ (leave) at ten. I've arranged a taxi for that time.

28) This time next week I ___________________ (ski) down the mountain.

29) This bag is too heavy. I_________________ (hurt) my back.

Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets

1) When you____________ (come) to the main road remember to stop and look before you

______________(cross).

2) I__________ (help) you with your homework as soon as I _________(do) my own.

3) He ________(know) it was her before she even ___________(appear) at the door.

4) After he________ (say) everything he had to, she ___________(leave) the room.

5) When I_________( see) all there is to see, I____________l ( buy) a small island and settle

down there.

Conditionals

1st conditional

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets

1 If I _________ (lend) you 10, when _____________ (you repay) me?

2 If you _____________ (want) to get fit, _____________ (follow) these instructions.

3 Why ______________ (you employ) him as a cashier if he can’t count?

4 Why ________________ (she not change) her job if she _____________ (hate) it?

5 Unless you _________ (be) more careful, you ___________ (have) an accident.

6 Tell him to ring me up if you ___________ (see) him.

7 If it _____________ (rain), ________________ (not open) the windows.

8 Unless I __________(have) a quiet room I _____________(not be able) to do any work.

9 Unless I ____________ (get) delayed, I _____________ (come) before six.

10 Unless he ___________ (sell) more he _________ (not get) much commission.

11 She _________ (not open) the door unless she___________ (know) who it is.

12 They _____________ (not mind) if we ____________ (be) a bit late this evening.

13 Everything ______________ (be) different if you ________ (be) in love with somebody.
14 If you ______________ (get) lots of homework, how _________________ (you feel)?

2nd conditional

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets

1 I shouldn't drink that wine if I (be) you.

2 If you ________ (see) someone drowning what _______ (you do)?

3 If you ________ (drive) your car into the river _____ (you be able) to get out?

4 If he ________ (know) that it was dangerous he ______(not come).

5 Grandma ___________ (get) a dog if she _______________ (not live) in a small flat.

6 If I ___________ (be) sent to prison ____________ (you visit) me?

7 If someone _____ (give) you a helicopter what _____ (you do) with it?

8 If you ______ (not belong) to a union you couldn't get a job.

9 What _______ (you do) if you ______ (find) a burglar in your house?

10 I ____ (climb) over the wall if there _______ (not be) so much broken glass.

3rd conditional

1 If he _________ (not be) so shy, I’m sure he __________ (get) the job.

2 If he _________ (know) the whole story he __________(not be) so angry.

3 If you _____ (not be) in such a hurry you _____(not put) sugar into the sauce instead of salt.

4 You _______ (not feel) so tired if you ________ (go) to bed earlier.

5 I ________ (not accept) the job if I _________ (know) how awful it is.

6 We ________ (not know) about the meeting if the chairman ________ (not tell) us.

7 I ____________ (take) a taxi if I __________ (realize) that it was such a long way.

8 You _________ (have) enough money for new trainers if you ________ (save) it.

9 They__________ (not invite) you to the party even if they _________ (see) you.

10 He ___________ (not cause) the accident if he ___________ (not fall) asleep while driving.

Reported speech

Grade 9
Change the following sentences into reported speech.

1. „I was at home yesterday,“ said Jack.

Jack said (that)_______________________________.

2. „I clean my room every day,“ Mary says.

Mary says( that )_________________________________.

3. „I don't want to see this film,“ he said.

He said ____________________________________.

4. „I'll help you,“ said Jane.

Jane said (that)____________________________________.

5. „I've brought all my things,“ Ted said to his father.

Ted told his father that __________________________________.

6. „Sue and Paul aren't getting married next month.“

She informed us that Sue and Paul ______________________________.

7. „The hospital isn't very good.“

The man complained that________________________________.

8. „Your brother is bothering me,“she said to me.

She told me that ______________________________________.

9. „I can't understand this lesson, mother,“ said Theresa.

Theresa told her mother that ______________________________.

10. „We love our teacher,“

They said (that)________________________________.

Change the following questions into reported speech.

1. Nick: „Did you see a bird in the tree?“

Nick wonders ___________________ a bird in the tree.

2. Ann: „Is your sister good at English?“

Ann asked me ______________________________________.

3. “Do you go in for sports?“, he asked.

He asked me if _________________________________.
4. „Will Tom help me?“, Sue asked her father.

Sue asked her father ___________________________________.

5. “Did you work at a factory 3 years ago?“, she asked her friend.

She asked her friend _________________________ at a factory 3 years ago.

6. “Have you seen my daughter?“, a woman is asking her neighbour.

A woman is asking her neighbour _________________________ her daughter.

7. “Can I go home now?“, he asked.

He wanted to know _____________________________________.

8. .“Does Julie drink tea?“

She asked me ________________________________.

9. „Are you going to the cinema?“, he asked me.

He wanted to know if I ______________________ to the cinema.

10. „Have you read this book?“

He asked me if I _____________________________________.

Report these questions. Start with the words given.

1. „Where does Helen live? “

Jim wants to know____________________________________.

2. „Why are you wearing sunglasses?“

She asked him ___________________________ sunglasses.

3. „What did you buy yesterday?“

Jane asked Bob what _____________________________________.

4. „What time will the plane arrive?“

They asked______________________________________.

5. “Where are your textbooks?“

The teacher asked her pupils ___________________________________.

6. “How far do I have to walk?“

She wanted to know how far ___________________________to walk.

7. “When is your birthday?“

My new neighbour asked me __________________________________.

8. “Who do you go running with?“

She asked me __________________________________.

9. “Where has she gone?“

They wondered ______________________________________.

10. „How long have you been waiting for me?“

He asked her how long ____________________________________.

Report the following requests, orders and advice. Start with the words given.

1. „Don't enter the room!“

He ordered her _____________________________.

2. „Tom, read the story, please.“

The teacher asked Tom ________________________________.

3. „Clean your teeth twice a day,“ the dentist said.

The dentist advised her ____________________________________.

4. „Don't tell her what I said.“

He begged me ___________________________________.

5. „Don't move!“ the man with the gun said to us.

The man with the gun warned us ___________________.

6. „Write a text message,“ said Jessica.

Jessica told him ____________________________.

7. „Take off your shoes,“ she told us.

She told us ___________________________.

8. „Don't hurt yourselves, boys,“ she said.

She told the boys ______________________________.

9. „You should get a lawyer as soon as possible!“

My friend advised me ___________________________________.

10. „Please wait here till I return,“ she said to me.

She requsted me ________________________________.

Use the correct form of SAY and TELL in these sentences.

1. Eliza __________ that we were her best friends.

2.The policeman ___________ the man was lying.

3. Lucy __________Julie that she was leaving on Wednesday.

4.Your father ____________me that you are good at speaking English.

5.She asked me to _____________her my name.

6.“Go and tidy your room,“ he ______________to his son.

7. Paul ___________ that he was going to the store.

8. She __________ me her sister was coming to visit us.

9.If you try to escape, I'll shoot you,“ he __________ to the prisoner.

10.She __________ that Nina can read.

Turn the following reported sentences into Direct speech. Write the people's exact words.

1. Jane asked Bob what he had bought the day before.

'_______________________________?' Jane asked Bob.

2. My mother told me not to go there.

'____________________________,' my mother said to me.

3. They asked me if I had ever worked at an archeological site.

'____________________________________?' they asked me.

4. She told me they had gone out the night before.

'__________________________________', she told me.

5. She said she could help me the next day.

'________________________________', she said.

6. Harold asked me why I was wearing such old clothes.

'___________________________________?' Harold asked.

7. Olivia said that she would come early to the meeting.

'____________________________________' , Olivia said.

18
8. Greg asked me where John came from.

'___________________________________?' Greg asked me.

9. She said she had been typing since morning.

' _________________________________,' she said.

10. He asked me to get him a cup of tea.

'_____________________________________,' he asked me.

Phrasal and prepositional verbs

Grade 9

Complete the sentences with the following phrases:

come across something; to go off; charge with; sit in; complain about; be keen on something; give

something up; annoyed with; object to; take something up; take after somebody; look after

somebody

1) While cleaning the basement, I _____________ something I thought I had lost years ago.

2) The milk _____________ after only an hour in the scorching heat

3) We climbed up and sat _____________ the tree amongst the green leaves.

4) My friend is very _____________ playing the guitar. He plays it all day long.

5) My father _____________ golf because he hurt his back.

6) Is he bored now that he's retired? –Not at all, he's _____________ golf.

7) He _____________ his mother, both in appearance and character.

8) We _____________ Mary's cat while she is away on holiday.

9) Jack always __________________ something. He is never satisfied.

10) I really ___________ the way people park on the pavement.

11) The wrong man was arrested and ______________ murder.

12) I’m really _______________ you. Can’t you try doing something useful for a change?

Hypothetical situations

Grade 9

1. I wish it ____________ (not rain) yesterday so we could go out.

2. I wish I _____________ (be) at noon meeting but I had another appointment.

3. If only there ___________ (be) more job opportunities here. Young people wouldn't have to

leave the country.

4. Mary feels homesick. She wishes she ________ (be) in her home with her parents now.

5. We have a flight to London on Tuesday but I'd rather __________ (go) on Monday.

6. I'd rather you _____________ (go) gome now.

7. I'd rather___________ (get) a taxi. I don't like buses.

8. They'd rather ___________ (play) with the baby than change its diaper.

9. My son wants to play in NBA but I'd rather he _____________ (concentrate) on studying.

10. I'm sorry I have to go. I wish I __________ (can) stay longer.

11. I really don't enjoy the party. I wish we ______________ (not come).

12. I really didn't enjoy the party. I wish we ______________ (not come).

Modal verbs

Complete the sentences. Choose between: can, could, must, have to, may or might.

1. I've got one or two things to do, so I _____________ have time to come tonight.

2. He isn't here. He _____________________ forgotten about your party.

3. It's evening and my watch says it's half past two p.m. It ___________________ stopped.

4. I _________open this window! I think it's stuck.

5. Unfortunately, I really _________sing at all. No-one in my family is musical either...

6. John _______ play tennis really well. He's champion of his club.

7. She ________ won the gold medal if she hadn’t fallen three times.

8. Our son promised to clean his room, but it is still messy. He ______________ cleaned it.

9. Paul's class starts at 8:30. It's 8:45 and he's not here yet. He ___________ missed the bus.

10. ____ you turn the heating up a bit, please?

11. The rules say that you ___ only invite one guest to the club.

12. I'm afraid you ____ not take the exam until you pay for it.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of should and ought to and the correct form of the
verbs in brackets.

1. You _________ the words last night. Now it’s too late. ( learn )

2. Jack _________ to see us but he didn’t come. He was at the cinema. ( come )

3. The mailman _________ there an hour earlier but he wasn’t. ( be )

4. “It was a great party last night. You _______ come. Why didn’t you? “

5. I didn’t know you were married! You _______ me! ( tell )

6. That’s awful! You really ________ that, you know! ( do )

7. Paul ________ until the lights were green before he crossed the street. ( wait )

8. Susan _________, but she didn’t call up. ( phone)

9. People ________ on mobile phones during meetings. ( not talk)

10. Students __________ nervous about taking their exams last week but they weren’t. ( be )

Rewrite the sentences using have to for the past obligation:

1. You weren't obliged to come today.

2. It was important for him to stay at home and study Maths!

3. They told him to stay at school and wait for his father to pick him up.

Complete the following sentences using the modals – have to, must or don't have to!

1) Mr. Dickson is travelling abroad this summer, so he __________ get his passport

soon.

2) You ___________ stop smoking. It is very harmful.

3) I can't remember what I did with it. I ______________ be getting old.

4) Mrs. Parks can't see very well. She _____________wear glasses.

5) It's freezing outside, so we ____________ take a cab and not walk.

6) I can't understand why Sarah's late. She __________ be stuck in traffic.

7) I ___________ be at the meeting by 10:00. I will probably ____________ take a taxi

if I want to be on time.

8) You _____________ submit the additional application if it has not been completely

filled out.

9) You _____________ remember to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict

about paying on time.

10) In a non-smoking area you _____________ smoke, but in a smoking area you

___________ smoke but you can if you want to.

What are the plural forms of the following groups of nouns?

1) Sheep – sky – half

2) Wife – penny – wolf

3) Ox – louse – self

4) Deer – life – berry

5) Scarf – church – stomach

6) Spoof – deer – daisy

7) Chief – leaf – elf

8) Avocado – louse – elf

9) Zero – ox – life

10) Medium – life – daisy

11) Penny – sister-in-law – oasis

12) Analysis – fungus – elf

13) Crisis – deer – species

14) Thesis – tax – fungus

15) Zero – avocado – medium

16) Medium – zero – epoch

17) Stomach – aircraft – ox

18) Studio – hero – she-wolf

19) Domino – gas – tax

20) Chef – lorry – auto

21) Embargo – alga – zero

22) Larva – matr9 – avocado

23) Marsh – crisis – chef

24) Chief – basis – veto

25) Ray – marsh – blitz

26) Kangaroo – memo – hoof

27) Barracks – curriculum – cactus

28) Index – matrix – diagnosis

29) Axis – criterion - ski

30) Thesis –syllabus – passer-by

Classify the following nouns as countable or uncountable ones!

1) Watch, information, water, box, love

2) Advice, information, desk, man, mouse

3) Experience, juice, sand, bus, candle

4) Luggage, chocolate, help, ball, rice

5) Tea, knowledge, painting, restaurant, ceiling

6) Hotel, sugar, air, fork, pen

7) Photograph, experience, taxi, progress, flour

8) Intelligence, money, poem, song, assistance

9) Wood, wine, toe, city, humor

10) Rain, homework, metal, car, subject

11) Education, weather, bread, house, shop

12) Garbage, fear, evidence, owner, cousin

13) Progress, trouble, pasta, tomato, uncle, family

14) Tea, rice, anger, berry, vegetable

15) Humor, love, fear, grape, room, finger

16) Safety, research, olive, body, friend

17) Peace, milk, meat, teacher, sand, classroom

18) Music, art, furniture, spoon, can

19) Butter, power, fork, table, napkin

20) Happiness, gas, salt, plate, knife

21) Travel, work, potato, movie, park

22) Permission, democracy, hall, garage, chimney

Articles

(a/an/the/zero article)

1) They took a picture of me on ______ Franklin Square.

2) Have you ever visited _____ Tower of London?

3) ____ Central Park is in ____ New York.

4) ____ Big Ben is part of ____ Houses of Parliament.

5) They bought the tickets to ______ Genesis Cinema.

6) I work near ___ Trafalgar Square in ___ London.

7) _________________ London Eye is one of the most famous sights in the world.

8) In Britain ____ coffee is more expensive than _____ tea.

9) They told us about ____ Victoria Peak.

10) They closed down ____ Pergamon Museum.

11) We sailed across ____ Atlantic Ocean. It was _____ amazing journey.

12) We strolled down _____ Fillmore Street.

13) There was a big concert on _____ Syntagma Square.

14) He got lost in ____ Amaro Mountains in _____ Ethiopia five days ago.

15) _____ population of _____ USA is about 300 million people.

16) Sally went to _____ prison to visit her husband.

17) ____ French drink a lot of wine.

18) Columbus was one of ____ first people to cross _____ Atlantic.

19) I never listen to _____ radio. In fact, I don’t have ____ radio.

20) Before we landed, we saw ____ Statue of Liberty, _____ Ellis Island and ____ Empire

State Building.

21) ____ President of _____ USA visited _____ Hague last week to talk about war

criminals.

22) ____ Browns visited ____ Palace of Westminster and ____ St Paul’s Cathedral.

23) ____ man is mortal.

24) I have ____ uncle who lives in _____ home for _____ elderly.
25) Ms Parrot, ____ most famous lady detective of ____ twenty-first century was born in

____UK.

26) They went hiking in ____ Himalayas.

27) _____ Irish are known for their sense of humor.

28) I have always adored ___________ Contact Theatre in ____________ Manchester.

29) The pub is somewhere near _____________ Times Square.

30) _____ Nelson’s Column is very interesting.

31) _____ Empire State Building is very high.

32) Did you see ________ man that I told you about.

33) ________ meal that we ate yesterday was wonderful.

34) It was very interesting for us to see _____ Globe Theatre _____ London.

35) We didn’t have time to visit ____ Madame Tussauds.

36) _________ environment is a serious issue.

37) ______ climate change is a serious issue.

38) People are increasingly worried about ____health.

39) It costs fifty-five and . . . half pence and I've only got . . . fifty pence piece.

40) One of the biggest problems on the planet is _____ air pollution.

41) I know that animals need our help but so do _____ poor.

Pronouns and determiners

Complete the sentences with the words from the box –

any 2x, anywhere, anyone 4x, somewhere, anybody, somehow, anything,

something, some2x

1) Are there ____________ letters for me?

2) Don't let ________ in. I'm too busy to see __________.

3) _______ thing tells me you've got _______ bad news for me.

4) I can't see my glasses _________.

5) We didn't think he'd succeed but he managed _______.

6) You're looking very miserable; has _______ upset you?

7) If you had _______ sense you wouldn't leave your car unlocked.

8) Scarcely ______ was wearing a dinner jacket.

9) _______ who believes what Jack says Is a fool.

10) She put her handbag down ________ and now she can't find it.

11) Haven’t you got _______ friends in Rome? I feel sure you mentioned them once.

12) Haven’t you got ________friends here? You should join a club and get to know people.

Fill in: some, any, somewhere, anywhere, someone, anyone, something and anything - Grade 9

1) Would you like ________ more tea? - Yes, please.

2) ______closed the door and locked us out.

3) If you have ______questions, please ask me.

4) The map must be _______around here. I need it

5) I don't drink ______ alcohol at all.

6) I have got ________in my eye. Could you take it out?

7) I would like ______sandwiches with egg, but we don't have _______ bread left.

8) I put my purse here but _______ must have taken it. I can't find it _________.

9) I think __________ rang the doorbell. I checked it but there wasn't ________there.

10) If you can't tell me _________ new then don't call me.

11) We usually go to the bar around the corner but today we went ___________else.

12) There are more and more thunderstorms in our area. I'm sure it has _______to do with

global warming.

13) Can I have ________ sweets please? - Of course you can.

14) My teacher asked me _________ but I didn't give him _________answer.

15) I need _________milk. - Have you got _________ ?

16) We have been looking for _____________ to live but Vienna is simply too expensive.

17) The children played ____________nice games at the birthday party.

18) Have you seen mv keys __________

? -I have put them down

19) Please tell me if you find _________on the Internet.

20) We always stay at home. We never go _____________.

21) ____________ must have scared him. I have never seen him like this before.

22) _____________of my CDs are broken.

23) Has ___________ seen my bag?

24) Luis isn't __________ smarter than Jane.

25) Have you got ____________ brothers and sisters?

26) Don't you know ___________ good restaurants around here?

27) There wasn't _________ at home, so we went.

28) I don't know our exact location, but it must be _________near Berlin.

Adjectives and adverbs Complete the sentences with too or enough.

1) We've got _____ homework to do tonight. We have to write three essays and read five

chapters of the book.

2) I live in a quiet part of the town so there ______to do in the evening.

3) We have not got ______ on holiday at the moment.

4) Instead of drinking ____ much coffee, you should drink more milk.

5) My clothes are _____ loose now because I’ve taken off so much weight.

6) There were _______many questions to answer so I only did three.

Complete the sentences with -ed or –ing adjectives from brackets.

1) She was ______ with rock climbing at a young age. (obsessed/obsessing)

2) Why do you always look so ______ ? Is your life so ________? (bored/boring) (bored/boring)

3) I was ______ with the film. I had expected it to be better. (disappointed/disappointing)

4) The kitchen hadn't been cleaned for ages. lt was really _______ . (disgusting/disgusted)
5) Ann doesn't enjoy her job any more. It's ______ because every day she does exactly the same

thing. (boring/bored)

Complete the sentences with so or such and any other words if necessary

1) I like Liz and joe. They're ____ nice people.

32

2) The party was really great. lt was ______shame you could nit come.

3) I didn't realise you lived ______ long way from the city centre.

4) They've got_______ much money they don't know what to do with it.

5) lt was a great holiday. We had ______ good time.

6) I could not believe the news. lt was _____ shock.

7) I have to go. I didn't realise it was _____late.

8) lt was ______ boring movie that I fell asleep while I was watching it.

9) I think she works too hard. She looks _____ tired all the time.

10) The food at the hotel was ______ awful. I've never eaten _______ awful food.

11) It was ______ good music that I couldn’t stop dancing.

COMPARISON

1. I got __________ than they'd promised. (much)

2. Your argumentation is _____________ than Robert's. (convincing)

3. Tom is ________________ than his elder brother. (impulsive)

4. Things are better organised now – we have _________problems than before. (few)

5. There are more accidents on this road because it's _______ than the others.

(narrow)

6. Which of the three supermarkets do you think has ________ range of

products? (wide)

7. I chose this car as my favourite because it's _______all the ones I have driven.

(fast)

8. Bob told ______________________ story last night. I couldn’t stop laughing. (funny)
9. Marie is __________________ person I know. She has won the lottery four times!

(lucky)

10. That is __________________ painting in the art gallery. It’s worth a million dollars.

(valuable)

11. I was afraid to turn off the lights last night. That was _________ show I’ve ever

watched. (scary)

Choose the correct answer

1. "Narnia's Chronicles" are ________Harry Potter books yet but they are __________.

a) not as famous as/ as interesting

b) as famous as/ as interesting as

c) more famous/ not as interesting

d) famous/ not interesting

2. The weather this summer is ________ last year. It hasn't stopped raining for weeks.

a) as bad as

b) worst

c) worse

d) the worst

3. Monkeys aren't ___________ lions

a) as dangerous as

b) not as dangerous as

c) more dangerous

d) less dangerous

4. I'm healthier than you are. You aren't ________ I am.

a) as healthier

b) as healthy as

c) healthier

d) the healthiest

5. Rory hasn't grown ________ Tommy yet.

a) not as tall as

b) as tall as

c) taller

d) the tallest

6. It's _____________ I thought it would be, actually.

a) not as heavy as

b) heavier

c) as heavy

d) the heaviest

There is only one correct place for each time expression given in the bracket.

1) _1_ , a lot of computers _2_ are made _3_ in Korea _4_ . (nowadays)

2) The film _1_ has _2_ started _3_ . We’ve missed the first five minutes _4_ . (already)

3) We _1_ haven't got a lot of money _2_ , so _3_ we may not go on holiday _4_ . (next year)

4) _1_ We have played _2_ soccer _3_ four hours _4_ . (for)

5) _1_ The bridge collapsed _2_ the truck _3_ was crossing _4_ . (while)

6) _1_ I left university, _2_ I worked in a bank and _3_ then I moved to an insurance company _4_ .

(after)

7) _1_ If you haven't _2_ visited our new website_3_ , go to _4_ . (yet)

8) _1_ 'Action Tours' is a small, friendly company and _2_ we have provided many different

specialist holidays for people _3_ we started_4_ . (since)

Choose the correct item

We have got ........ any rice left.

a) hardly b) hard c) lately d) late

My friends are ........ vegetarians.

a) mainly b) much c) mostly d) most

I'll see you ........., same place, same time.

a) on next Saturday b) next Saturday c) the next Saturday

If I haven't finished ......... six, I'll give you a call.

a) past b) by c) until

Harry has ......... decided which university he wants to go.

a) yet b) already c) before d) got

......... the following two days, the Persians attacked again and again, but ......... the end of the

second day the pass had still not been taken.

a) During/by

b) By/for

c) Already/later

You have to fill ......... so that each row and column contains the numbers 1 to 9.

a) the squares carefully

b) careful the squares

c) carefully the squares

Dogs rely on their noses as they can smell .......... If that is true, why does dog food smell so ..........

a) extremely good/terrible

b) good/terrible c) extremely/terriblly

d) extremely

well/terrible

Relative clauses Fill in the correct relative pronoun.

1) 1.The area , __________ has very high unemployment , is in the north of the country.

2) 2.If you can't find the hotel __________ I stayed last weekend, I can tell you __________to

ask.
3) The people ___________we sat next to owned a farm in Virginia years ago.

4) The president of the company ,______________ I really admire, is visiting us next week.

5) He's a famous architect ____________designs won an international award last year.

6) 6.My cousin works for a company _________ sells laptops.

7) They expect his decision soon, ________ should help us solve the problem.

Prepositions

1. FILL IN THE CORRECT PREPOSITIONS

From – By – Under – At – About – For ( 2x ) – Among – To ( 2x ) – Except – With – In – Behind

Into

1) Unemployment has just risen again; this time _____ 0.5%. It's now 5.5%.

2) I've decided to go _____ business with my friend. We're going to open a small toy shop.

3) The police have caught the suspected thief and he's _____ arrest.

4) Another way of saying ' old - fashioned ' is ' ____ the times '.

5) We left our luggage ___ the station.

6) He has copied this letter word _____ word.

7) There is an exception _____ every rule.

8) They look just like real thing ______ they are made of plastic.

9) Frank cared _______ his clothes more than anything else.

10) He learnt how to program the computer _____ just a matter of weeks.

11) He stood ______ all his friends in the room and felt very happy.

12) My cousin is married _____ a famous American.

13) Ten people were killed when a bus collided _____ a car.

14) I am responsible ______ training the new recruits.

15) He graduated _____ Oxford university.

Correlative conjunctions

Grade 9

Complete the sentences. Choose between both…and, either…or, and neither…nor

1) ______ you ______ I are supposed to be at the meeting tomorrow at 13.00.

2) ______ rugby _____ football are popular in France.

3) ___ English ___ Welsh are spoken in Wales.

4) I can _____ speak ____ write Japanese.

5) We can go to ________ Greece ___ Spain for our holiday. You choose!

6) It's my final offer - you can _____ take it ___ leave it.

7) I ______ know ____ care what happened to him

8) She _____ wants to play ___ not.

9) Don't expect to have _____ money ___ happiness.

10) At night _____ the cats ___ dogs wake us up. However, we can never sleep well.

11) You can buy _____ the blue sweater ____ the green one. But, you can't have both!

41

12) The hotel is ______ spacious ____ comfortable.

13) _____ the television ____ the DVD player work well.

14) _____ the manager ____ his assistants are here today.

15) _______ she is coming ____ I will never speak to her again!

16) We had to cancel everything because _______ Stan _____ Jacob showed up on time for the

game.

17) I realised that _______ the cousins ____ Sharon told the truth! That's embarrassing!

18) Could you bring me my purse, please? I left it _____ on the table ___ in the drawer.

19) She is _____ my wife ___my friend.

20) This job is _____ interesting _____ challenging.

21) After hearing that bad decision, Julia was ______ satisfied ____ relieved.

22) The book we read last week was ______ interesting _____ the one I would recommend. A

total waste of time!

23) You will meet _____my husband ____ his parents tonight.

24) This experience has been _____ amazing ____ useful for me.

25) _____ my kids ____ their teachers visited the capital of England!

26) She is ______ French ___ Spanish.

27) You can _______write ___ phone to order a copy. You can't do both.

28) ________ the subject ______ the teacher impressed me much! I was bored!

29) We could _________ be silent _____ pretend we do not care! Because we do!

30) He _____ could not come ____ didn't want to.

Word formation

Grade 9

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals.

1. Apart from being

enjoyable. EDUCATION

2. This is Jake Houston, who works for an

3. Peter Mack is an extremely

, our trip to the space museum was also very

company in Boston. INSURE

professor, who has written many KNOWLEDGE

books and is now teaching History at a university in England.

4. If you require any

, please contact the information desk. ASSIST

5. The earthquake was so disastrous that nothing was left

6. It’s best to take your umbrella; the weather is quite

TOUCH

these days. CHANGE

7. Unless it rains these next few months, the country will suffer from water SHORT

8. We stayed in a little village in the western part of the country. PICTURE

1. He had to pay a fine after the police caught him driving recklessly in a _____________

area. RESIDENT

2. I wouldn’t recommend that hotel, as it is located on the outskirts of the city, which is
very __________________. CONVENIENT

3. Sadly, his _____________________ about the tropical storm were confirmed. PREDICT

4. Mrs Brown has very high ________________of her daughter, Jenny, and was disappointed when
she didn’t win the competition. EXPECT

5. Fried bananas and roast chicken are the __________________ of this restaurant. SPECIAL

6. The campaign aimed at increasing people’s _________ of the dangers of smoking. AWARE

7. Because of his _______________ to medical research, the scientist was awarded

a prize. CONTRIBUTE

8. This is an important________________. Do not leave your belongings unattended. ANNOUNCE

Last week I made a (1) _______________________ to my cousin Alex, offering to SUGGEST

take him to an (2) _________________________ park. He was very excited because it AMUZE
was his (3) ________________________ place. However, from the moment I picked FAVOUR
him up, he was very (4) _______________________ , which surprised me since NOISE
his behaviour was (5) _________________________ very different. At one point, NORMAL
while waiting to get on a ride, he disappeared. (6) __________________________ , LUCK
the manager, who was very (7) _________________________ found him an hour HELP
later amongst a crowd. Apparently, Alex had seen a famous basketball player and
wanted his autograph. He (8) ___________________________ to me immediately but I APOLOGY
was so (9) ________________________ at him that we left. It was then that I made ANGER
the (10) _________________________ never to take Alex out again. DECIDE

1 The top model was ______________ dressed in an elegant evening gown. BEAUTY

2 My street is _________________ because it’s far from any main roads. PEACE

3 Our football team won the ____________ at the end of the season and received

______________ from a large company. CHAMPION , SPONSOR

4There are thousands of _____________people sleeping in the streets. HOME

5 I bought a ____________ dress but its colours faded after I washed it. COLOUR

6 I was fined because I was driving _______________ CARE

7The directions you gave us were rather _______________, as we still got lost. HELP

8 I am feeling quite _______________ because I didn’t get enough sleep last night. SLEEP

9 I got into a business ______________with my cousin but it ended up

being _________________. PARTNER , SUCCESS

10 The musical performance was so ____________ that the audience gave the orchestra a

standing ovation. POWER

5)Arthritis is a general term for aches and pains in the body's joints. Most types of arthritis involve
the deterioration of cartilage, which is an (1)___________ (ESSENCE) material covering the

ends of the bones in the joint. When the (2)____________ (HEALTH) cartilage wears out, it

becomes rough and this causes pain when the joint moves. This condition is more common

among the elderly, but some people can be sufferers from (3)___________________ (CHILD)

Apart from (4)___________________ (TRADITION) painkillers, little or no treatment is available.

However, (5)____________________ (AMBITION) scientists have designed (6)_______________

(ARTIFICE) joints that can replace the (7)_______________ (PAIN) worn-out ones. These

new joints could prove very (8)________________ (BENEFIT) to arthritis sufferers. Although some

believe that joint replacement may be (9)________________ (COST) numerous patients

are (10) ________________ (ANXIOUS) waiting for this medical breakthrough.

6 SKATEBOARDING

In the early 1960s, a new craze swept through the coastal cities of the United States. Being

(1)______________ ( PHYSICS) fit, the surfers wanted some fun while the surf was low. That's when

an (2)______________(ENERGY) new pastime called skateboarding was born. The skateboard was

(3)______________ (ORIGIN) developed by attaching a plank of wood to roller-skates.

However, skateboarding has undergone (4)_____________ (DRAMA) changes since then.

(5)______________ (PROFESSION) skateboarders now use plastic and fibreglass, which make the

boards more durable and flexible. Nowadays, skateboarders spend (6)______________ (END) hours

performing tricks and stunts many of which are (7) ________________ (DANGER), so experts

(8)_______________ (ADVICE) skateboarders to wear protective gear such as helmets and elbow and

knee pads, especially if they are not (9)________________ (SKILL). A skateboarder goes through

many falls before becoming proficient, so it is (10)_____________ (SENSE) to take precautions

against accidents.

7 HOMEWORK

Homework is a part of every student's school life. (1)_______________ (FORTUNATE), many of them
(2)_______________ (APPROVE) of the amount of homework they are given, and find it particularly

(3)_____________ (FAIR) when they have to study a lot before a test. This makes them feel

(4)__________ (ANXIETY) and some even become physically sick when under pressure. Others

sometimes find it (5)________________ (POSSIBILITY) to complete their homework, which makes

teachers believe it's an act of (6)_______________ (OBEDIENCE) On the other hand, teachers

consider homework (7)_______________ (BENEFIT) They believe students should have a daily

schedule to avoid getting (8)__________________ (ORGANIZE) and having to hand in

(9)_________________ (COMPLETE) homework. Moreover, teachers think (10)_____________

(ADEQUATE) amounts of homework put students' future at risk.

8 AIR CONDITIONERS

The American inventor W.H. Carrier developed the first air-conditioning unit in 1902. Since then, the

(1)___________ (POPULAR) of air-conditioners has increased (2)______________ (RAPID) Given

people’s (3)______________ (ABLE) to function in the heat, air-conditioners provide them with a

feeling of comfort. That is why the (4)___________ (LIKELY) of even more people installing air

conditioners for (5) ___________ (PERSON) use in the (6) ____________ (PRIVATE) of their own

home will increase further.

But what do they do? Their aim is to (7)____________ (STABLE) the temperature in a room. This is

accomplished by the (8)_____________ (PRESENCE) of a fan, which also removes dust and odours

from the air and controls the humidity. The (9)____________ (EFFICIENT) of an air-conditioner

depends on the power of its fan. Nowadays there is a great (10)____________ of air-conditioners on

the market which are bound to cover each person's needs.

9 HURRICANE

A hurricane is a (1)____________ (DESTROY) storm which is always accompanied by torrential rain

and winds that can reach speeds of up to 300 kilometres per hour. Hurricanes form over warm

expanses of water and increase in (2)_______________ (STRONG) as they make their way towards

the mainland. (3)_____________ (COAST) areas are usually hit the hardest, but the

(4)_____________ (INTENSE) of the storm decreases as it continues inland.

Hurricanes can cause (5)______________ (EXTEND) damage. They uproot trees, destroy

houses and (6)_____________ (CONSTRUCT) sites and even lift up boats right out of the water. So, it
is crucial that meteorologists keep constant (7)______________ (OBSERVE) of any suspicious

weather formations which may evolve into hurricanes. If a hurricane is approaching inhabited areas,

the authorities issue (8)____________ (WARN) and give people (9)______________ (INSTRUCT) as

how to prepare for its (10) ________________ (ARRIVE) and for their evacuation.

10 Cycling

I have been a keen (1) ....... for about nine years. When I began cycling,

I found the flat roads easy but the hills almost (2) ....... Surprisingly,

now it’s the opposite. A long flat ride can be both dull and (3) ........

as you never experience that fantastic feeling of freedom when speeding

downhill. Years ago, going uphill left me (4) ....... Now I have learned

to take hills slowly and steadily.

When I set off, I’m full of energy and the first hundred metres are

CYCLE

POSSIBLE

EXHAUST

BREATH

(5) ........... the next couple of kilometres a bit tiring, but on the whole the

MARVEL

experience is very (6) .........

Cycling is (7) .......... any other forms of exercise I have tried; it is never

a chore but always a (8) ........... The physical benefits are obvious but

ENJOY

LIKE

PLEASE

the mental benefits are (9) ........ important; when you are travelling EQUAL

calmly at a sensible speed, you breathe fresh air, have time to think and can relax.

11 India’s rainforest by night

India has amazing countryside with some of the most (1)______________ (REMARK) wildlife on

Earth, and its 96 National Parks are becoming (2)_________________ (INCREASE) popular. These
parks contain a huge (3)__________________ (VARIOUS) of creatures, from

multicoloured butterflies to magnificent tigers, but (4) __________________ (FORTUNATE) for

visitors, many of them are active mainly at night and then seem to (5)_______________ (APPEAR)

during the day. In southern India's Periyar National Park, however, they have found a solution to this

problem: night tours. Walking through the rainforest in the dark is a wonderful way to observe

creatures in their natural (6)_________________ (SURROUND). You quickly become more

(7)________________ (SENSE) to the sounds of birds and animals, and you soon begin to recognise

some of their calls. You are accompanied by local guides to prevent you getting lost, and also for

(8)_________________ (SAFE) reasons: there are big cats around, and (9)

_________________

(POISON) snakes, too.

Many visitors want to continue their (10) _________________ (EXPLORE) of the jungle all night, but

if you want a break from the tropical (11)_______________ (HOT)there are rivers

where you can go for a cooling swim by moonlight.

12 NEW WATERPROOF CLOTHING

There are few experiences as unpleasant as being (1)_______________ (BITTER) cold and dripping

wet on board a boat. The (2) _____________ (KNOW) that you may be several

hours away from warm, dry clothing is enough to slow down even the

(3)______________ (TOUGH) sailor. However, recent (4) ____________ (SCIENCE) developments in

the types of material used

to make waterproof clothes have, hopefully, put an end to the (5)

__________________ (SUFFER) of the sailor. New suits, trousers and jackets have been designed

which allow people to stay warm and dry at sea and can be worn (6) ___________________

(COMFORT) for days on end.

The new clothing is by no means cheap, but that will not stop it from selling well, and not just in the

sailing market. (7) ________________ (LIKE) previous types of waterproof clothing, which tended to

leave the wearer hot, sweaty and sticky even after a (8) ________________ (RELATIVE) short burst of

(9)________________ (ENERGY) activity, these new clothes are manufactured with an (10)

__________________ (ADDITION) inner layer. This is made of a special material which allows the
clothes to ‘breathe’ - in other words, body heat can escape so that the body stays dry, but still

maintains its (11) ___________________ (WARM) in all weathers.

Contrast

Grade 9

Complete the sentences. Choose between: in spite of, however, while, although/even though

1 _________ the heavy snow, we managed to get to the office.

2 _________ needing a rest, the team continued to work.

3 _________ she isn't fond of classical music, she went to the concert.

4 _________ being hungr, Sally didn't eat anything.

5 _______ we left the house early, we still missed the bus.

6 'Did you pass the exam?' 'Yes, I got a good grade, _____ I didn't study much.

7 ________ the storm, over ten thousand people took part in the marathon.

8 _______ I wrote myself a note to remind me, I still forgot to call george tonight.

9 Most Egyptologists believe that the Sphynx is about 4,000 years old. Some geologists,

_________, argue that it must be at least 14,000 years old.

10 __________ having taken two aspirins, I had such a bad headache that I had to go home.

11 I've never seen a UFO. ______, that doesn't mean that I don't believe in them.

12 There are still two million people unemployed _______ the fact that we're in the middle of

an economic boom.

13 _______ no European country carries out capital punishment, it is widely used throughout

the united states.

14 I couldn't find my keys ________ searching for them everywhere.

Complete the sentences with although, in spite of or despite:

1 ……….being full of water, the boat sailed on.

2 …..…the weather, we had a great time.

3 We understood him ……..he had a strong accent.

4 ……… having all the necessary qualifications, they didn’t offer me the job.

5 ………. he was ill, he still came to the meeting.

6 ...... the fact that he worked very hard, he didn’t manage to pass the exam.
7 He passed the exam ………. his severe headache.

8 She went on walking ....... she was terribly tired.

9 ……..their poverty, the children seemed happy.

10 I’ll talk to him, ……… I don’t think it’ll do any good.

11 We went out ……… the rain.

12 ……..the fact that he was ill, he went into work.

13 They allowed us into the theatre ………being late.

14 ……… the pain in his leg he completed the marathon.

15 She bought a car, ………she was too young to drive.

Use of English

Grade 9

I was on my way home (1) it happened. (2) I was walking, I heard someone running

behind me. (3) I knew it, I was on the ground, and my bag wasn’t there! A man, (4)

.was there helped me to get up. (5) , he left me and ran after the man with my bag. I waited

there (6) he came back with my bag. I (7) believe he got it back for me. What a hero!

One thing is certain, I (8) stop walking home alone!

1. a. until b. when c. as soon

2. a. As b. As soon c. As soon as

3. a. After b. When c. Before

4. a. where b. who c. which

5. a. After b. Then c. When

6. a. when b. as soon as c. until

7. a. wasn’t able b. can c. couldn’t

8. a. will have to b. will have c. will be able

2 Choose a, b or c.

Our band has been trying hard for a long time (1) known. We
(2) in different small clubs and have tried to get in touch with various

companies. We keep (3) that someone (4) listen to our

work and decide (5) us. Yesterday, we (6) an

unexpected phone call. It was the manager of a large record company. He said he

(7) of us and wanted to see us perform live. (8) an

opportunity!

1. a. become b. to become c. becoming

2. a. have appeared b. were appearing c. appeared

3. a. thinking b. think c. to think

4. a. shouldn’t b. had better c. may

5. a. to help b. helping c. help

6. a. have received b. had received c. received

7. a. hears b. heard c. had heard

8. a. How b. So c. What

3 COULD COMPUTER GAMES BE GOOD FOR YOU AFTER ALL?

In Britain, the average young person now (0)__spend__more money on games each year than

on going to the cinema or renting videos. But is this (1) __________a bad thing? For years,

newspaper reports have been (2) _________that children who spend too much time playing

computer games become unsociable, bad-tempered, even violent as a (3) ___________. But

new research, (4) ___________out in both Europe and the USA, suggests that the opposite

may be (5) __________.

Indeed, playing some of the more complicated games may help people of all ages to (6)

__________certain skills. Researchers claim that this is because the games (7) _______the

brain work harder in certain ways, like (8) ____________sounds and movements quickly and

identifying what they are. The fact that people play the games repeatedly, (9) __________
that they get a lot of practice in these skills which are therefore (10) ________to become

highly developed. Social skills may benefit too. Researchers in Chicago think that fans of

first-person shooter games (11) ______Counterstrike are better than non-players when it (12)

___________to building trust and co-operation, and that this (13) __________ them to

make good friendships and become strong members of their communities. So rather than

(14) ____________ up computer games, perhaps young people (15) ________to spend more

time on them?

1 A necessarily B certainly C fully D nearly

2 A speaking B informing C telling D saying

3 A product B result C reason D conclusio

n 4 A worked B thought C turned D carried

5 A exact B true C fact D precise

6 A repair B advance C improve D amend

7 A make B force C push D keep

8 A realising B noticing C imagining D solving

9 A means B asks C brings D causes

10 A surely B probable C likely D possible

11 A in order to B such as C due to D as well as

12 A requires B goes C involves D comes

13 A supports B helps C shows D serves

14 A giving B ending C taking D stopping

15 A bound B should C due D need

4 DOG RACE IN ALASKA

Every winter in Alaska a race is held. But this is no ordinary race. Teams of dogs pull
wooden sleds along the snow and ice. A single driver is in (1) _________ of each team, and

stands on the sled. This race is (2) _________ as the Iditarod, and runs from the town of

Anchorage to the village of Nome, a journey of more than 1,600 kilometres. It usually

(3)________ the dogs ten days to (4) ___________the course.

The Iditarod is usually run in extremely difficult weather (5)_________. Daytime

temperatures (6) _________from zero to minus 40 degrees. Visibility is often very poor, so

drivers never allow themselves to become (7) __________from their team of dogs. Indeed,

the drivers (8) __________ almost entirely on the dogs for their survival. Each year a

considerable (9) __________ of competitors have to (10) _______from the race owing to

exhaustion or coldness, and sometimes even the dogs get ill or injured.

The (11) _________ of the race goes back many years to a time when some medicine needed

to be taken to Nome, a very remote village. (12) ________ particularly severe weather, the

only (13) __________ to send the medicine from Anchorage was using a group of husky

dogs. Happily, the medicine was delivered just in time to (14) _______ lives. Alaskans

celebrate the heroic journey with the Iditarod, which (15) _________the same route across the

frozen interior of Alaska.

1 A responsibility B charge C direction D care

2 A called B referred C named D known

3 A lasts B makes C gives D takes

4 A end B complete C fulfil D conclude

5 A conditions B situations C backgrounds D circumstances

6 A spread B stretch C range D differ

7 A separated B divided C split D broken

8 A rest B depend C expect D trust

9 A amount B sum C total D number

10 A retire B pull C remove D draw

11 A basis B cause C origin D reason

12 A Because of B However C Although D Providing that

13 A manner B process C way D aim

14 A free B guard C rescue D save

15 A follows B goes C accompanies D does

5 A MAPMAKER IN THE MAKING

For most families, a trip in the car to an unfamiliar area involves at least one

argument about the best route to (1) _______ . This is not the (2) ________, however, in the

Williams family from Worcester. They never (3)_______ lost when five-year-old Daniel is

with them. That's because Daniel has the incredible (4)__________ to tell you the best way to

get from one place to another anywhere in England, and (5)_________ he doesn't need a map – he can
do it off the top of his (6) ________ Daniel has been (7)_______ in place names ever

since he first learnt to talk. When he was about three, he started asking his parents questions

about how the roads they drove along (8)________ up, and it soon became (9) _______ that

he had a photographic memory for maps. He had no difficulty in remembering the

information and (10)_________ it to what he saw from the car window.

Now, after school, Daniel's (11)________ game is drawing maps of the road systems in all

sorts of places that he has never even visited. His parents have no (12) _________ .where his

particular talent (13)_________ from because nobody else in the family has it. (14)________

he's also a football fan, and is learning to play the keyboard, Daniel's main (15) ________ in

life is to become a mapmaker.

1 A make B do C do D take

2 A event B instance C case D fact

3 A fall B get C keep D have

4 A ability B skill C facility D technique

5 A as well as B because of C apart from D what's more

6 A head B mind C brain D memory

7 A good B capable C keen D interested

8 A joined B caught C stood D grew

9 A confident B obvious C sure D positive

10 A regarding B relating C recognising D reflecting

11 A admirable B desired C favourite D selected

12 A understanding B thought C idea D explanation

13 A passes B gains C works D comes

14 A Although B Despite c However D Since

15 A qualification B outcome c ambition D fortune

My first (1)__________ was as a sales (2)_____________ at a large department store. I wanted

to work part-time, because I was still studying (3) ___________university and I was only

(4)__________ to work a few nights a week. I came (5)_________ the advertisement in the local

newspaper. I remember the interview as though (6)_________were yesterday. The personnel manager

sat behind a large desk. He asked me various questions which surprised me because all I wanted was

to work in sales. An hour later, I was told that I had got the job and was given a contract to go

(7)__________. I was to be trained for ten days before I took my post. Also, as a member of

(8)__________. I was entitled to some benefits, including discounts. When I eventually started, I was

responsible (9)____________the toy section. I really enjoyed it there and I loved demonstrating the

different toys. I was surprised at how friendly my (10)_________were, too. They made working there

fun even when we had to (11) __________ customers who (12) _________on our nerves. On the

whole, working there was a great experience which I will never forget.

1 a occupation B job C work D employment

2 A employee B attendant C officer D assistant

3 A in B on C at D for

4 A excellent B able C proud D experienced

5 A across B into C on D round

6 A it B I C that D there
7 A on B over C ahead D with

8 A staff B crew C team D party

9 A of B at C with D for

10 A assistants B staff C colleagues D employees

11 A control B deal with C manage D cooperate

12 A came B went C got D were

7 A NIGHT AT THE THEATRE

Going to the theatre brings back happy memories, as it (1) me of my very first performance

on stage, (2)____________ was thirty years ago. Parts of that particular night are so vivid that

I can still picture myself as though it were yesterday. The excitement amongst the actors, the

(3)______________applause and the party after the opening night are memories which will

remain with me for (4)_______________. I don’t know how we managed to do so well. The

rehearsals were far from satisfactory because we thought that we could just have two

rehearsals a week (5) _____________in fact we needed more. The background

(6)_____________ to the last act weren’t ready until an hour before the beginning of the play

despite the set builder’s best (7) _______________. The director was not satisfied

(8)_______________ anything and he didn’t even want to show up on the first night.

Admittedly, I wouldn’t have wanted to either. (9) _______________ the night finally arrived,

we were alia bit worried. I remember (10)_____________ through the curtain ten minutes

before the start and being amazed (11)_________________ the (12)_______________ of a

full house. Finally, it was time for the curtain to go up. In the end, we proved the director

wrong and everything went like clockwork.

1 A recognises B reminds C recalls D memorises

2 A which B when C where D who

3 A onlookers' B viewers’ C audience's D spectators’

4 A life B ages C a while D time

5 A where B when C which D whenever

6 A images B visions C scenes D sights

7 A attempts B efforts C trials D tries

8 A by B in C at D with

9 A When B After C While D Until

10 A glancing B noticing C staring D watching

11 A in B at C on D for

12 A view B vision C sight D image

8 FINGERNAILS GROWING FASTER

People’s fingernails and toenails, according to a recent study, are nowadays growing more

quickly. Research (1)___________ out at the University of North Carolina indicates that the

speed at which human nails are growing has increased by (2)__________to 25 per cent over

the last 70 years.

The results of the study show that the (3) ___________ human fingernail now grows about

3.5 mm a month, (4)___________ with just 3 mm seven decades ago. Toenail growth,

(5)___________ only about 2 mm per month, was also up on the figure (6)___________ in a

similar survey done 70 years ago. Researchers (7)__________ the rapid increase down to

changes in lifestyle, particularly the greater (B)____________ of the importance of regular

exercise and a healthy diet. This, they point out, is in (9)___________ with similar trends in

the height and weight of present-day adults. Interestingly, it appears that nails

(10)___________ to grow fastest in warmer conditions, with the quickest growth

(11)____________ among young people, and men. The fastest-growing nail is on the middle

finger, while that on the little finger is (12)___________ far the slowest, at only a fraction

over 3 mm each month.

1 A taken B carried C studied O worked

2 A near B just C close D next

3 A average B medium C common D standard

4 A opposed B measured C related D compared

5 A although B despite C however D nevertheles

s 6 A achieved B concluded C arrived D obtained

7 A set B write C put D say

8 A belief B information C familiarity D awareness

9 A way B rule C line D case

10 A tend B lean C head D aim

11 A pace B rate C speed D step

12 A by B so C as D too

9 THE ART OF BEING A PARENT

In order to (1)___________ children, many qualities are required. As well as the

(2)___________ requirements such as love, patience and understanding, a sense of humour is

an important feature of any parent's personality. (3)_______________, it's quite an art to

transform a child's bad mood into (4)____________ everyone in the family can live with.

Another aspect of child rearing is teaching children limits and rules. This means the child

needs to be (5)___________ of what his or her rights are and what other people's are, too.

Setting limits on children must occur on a daily basis. Temporary measures don't achieve

anything but just waste time. A (6)______________ mistake, however, is being

(7)_____________ stricter than necessary. Parents must be (8)_____________ to allow their

children the opportunity to explore and learn (9)___________ experience. What's more, most

parents must know the importance of (10)______________ as it gets children used to certain

everyday activities. For instance, eating at the same time (11)____________ of sitting at a

table and (12)____________ them how to conduct themselves properly. Overall, child rearing

is no easy task but it is certainly a challenge and a learning experience.

1 A grow B grow up C born D bring up

2 A routine B popular C ordinary D usual

3 A In fact B But C All in all D As well as

4 A temper B character C behaviour D manner

5 A known B accustomed C familiar D aware

6 A willing B famous C common D continuou

7 A very B far C quite D fairly

8 A keen B eager C interested D willing

9 A by B on C from D with

10 A custom B routine C fashion D trend

11 A like B as C than D of

12 A learns B educates C teaches D instructs

10 A TAXI EXPERIENCE

As a journalist, I'm asked to travel around the globe to all sorts of (1)___________countries.

Over the years, I’ve used different means of transport. Of course, for long (2)_______ flying

is the fastest and safest way to (3)__________a far-off destination.

Unfortunately, I’m not a very organised traveller and despite my travel agent's best efforts,

(4)__________ always goes wrong. Last week, while I was heading for the airport, I realised

I had left my passport at home. Obviously, I had to go back so I asked the taxi driver to turn

around and take me home. In the meantime, I crossed my fingers and hoped that I wouldn’t

miss my (5)____________.

All the (6)__________ home, the driver was speeding in and out of traffic. He got even more

carried (7)___________when he got on the motorway, (8)________ at speeds of up to 150

kilometres per hour.

By the time we arrived home, I was (9)_________ a state of shock and it took me a while to

(10)_________ my breath. So, before driving off again, I decided to pay him

(11)__________extra, so that he would go slower as we were bound (12)_________ have an

accident.

1 A curious B peculiar C foreign D strange

2 A travels B excursions C tours D trips

3 A arrive B reach C get D approach

4 A anything B something C everything D nothing

5 A flight B cruise C trip D journey

6 A road B way C route D direction

7 A away B on C out D along

8 A moving B travelling C transferring D transporting

9 A at B under C on D in

10 A hold B catch C keep D find

11 A many B a little C a few D some

12 A to B for C in D of

11 PAST MEMORIES

I was raised on a farm in a remote village in the 1950s. The winter months were endless and

everything was covered in snow. I was always (1) for the warmer weather to come.

When spring (2)_______________, everything came alive - flowers would bloom and the

animals would come out of hibernation. I'd follow the bear tracks and search for them. Once,

however, I (3)______________ an angry mother bear who saw me (4) _______________ a

threat. (5)_____________ the sight of the bear I did what my father had told me. I stood still

until she stopped growling and walked away. The trick was effective, but looking back now, I

realise that the situation was (6)___________ more serious than I thought at the time. By the

age of twelve, I had lots of camping (7)___________, as I used to go camping with my dog

on my school holidays. We would spend days (8) ________________ forest, catching fish for

dinner, (9)__________________ at the frogs and the (10)________________ and down on

the surface of the water. Of course, this was possible only during the warm months. When

autumn came, everything went quiet, which was quite (11)____________ in those parts. It
wasn't long (12)_______________ the animals disappeared, the birds flew south and the snow

took over. The place became deserted once again.

1 A keen B eager C willing D enthusiastic

2 A approached B reached C appeared D arrived

3 A dealt with B came across C reached D found out

4 A like B as C same as D such as

5 A In B By C At D On

6 A very B quite C so D far

7 A qualifications B skills C qualities D experience

8 A exploring B detecting C researching D investigating

9 A looking B noticing C watching D observing

10 A swarms B bunches C flocks D sets

11 A ordinary B usual C familiar D regular

12 A until B after C since D before

12 PLASTIC MONEY

In the past, people bought goods using (1)_____________. They rarely (2)___________

money from financial institutions and only when they had (3)_________the money, did they buy what

they wanted.

Recently, however, there have been great changes in the way people purchase goods. To begin with,

some people pay for things by cheque, while others prefer monthly (4) ___________, rather than

paying the whole (5)____________ at once. Most consumers, though, prefer to buy things using their

credit cards. (6)__________ , it is thought that there are benefits to having a credit card. Apart from

the fact that credit cards are handy, some stores offer bonus points to people making purchases, while

others give (7)_________on certain products.

On the other hand, credit cards must be used wisely because they can prove disastrous. In the long
run,

consumers find that they can't (8)_____________ without their credit cards and constantly rely
(9)_________ them, as they are “easy money”. As a result, some people lose control of their finances

spending more than they should and wind up not being able to (10)___________. So, they end up in

(11)____________and have difficulty (12)___________ it back.

1 A change B cash C notes D currency

2 A lent B let C borrowed D kept

3 A. afforded B owned C saved D possessed

4 A sums B deposits C budgets D instalments

5 A amount B debt C bill D cost

6 A Last but not least B One by one C By and large D Every now and then

7 A bargains B discounts C tips D prizes

8 A go B make C be D do

9 A on B in C to D of

10 A make matters worse B make ends meet C do their best D do business

11 A debt B loan C charge D owe

12 A to pay B to paying C in pay D in paying

13 LEARNING TO MAKE A PERFECT PIZZA

According to the European Pizza-Makers’ Association, making a good pizza is not a

straightforward skill to learn. The ingredients seem very simple: flour, yeast, water and a bit

of salt. (1)__________, water and flour can easily (2) ________a rather unappetizing gluey

m9, and anyone who has eaten a (3)___________ quality pizza will know how bad it can

make your stomach (4)_____________.

In Italy, 70 per cent of pizza makers could improve on their product, not to (5)__________ all

the pizza makers around the world who (6)____________ uneatable meals,' says Antonio

Primiceri, the Association’s founder. He has now started a pizza school in an attempt to

(7)______________ the reputation of this traditional dish. As part of an (8)____________

course, the students at Mr Primiceri’s school are taught to (9)___________ common

mistakes, produce a good basic m9ture, add a tasty topping and cook the pizza properly. ‘Test
the finished pizza by breaking the crust,* advises Mr Primiceri. ‘If the soft

(10)_____________ inside the pizza is white, clean and dry, it’s a good pizza. If it is not like

this, the pizza will (11)_________ your stomach. You will feel (12) _____________ full and

also thirsty.’

1 A However B Despite C Although D Conversely

2 A make out B take up C put out D turn into

3 A sad B poor C short D weak

4 A sense B do C feel D be

5 A state B mention C remark D tell

6 A submit B give C provide D deal

7 A save B hold C deliver D return

8 A extensive B extreme C intensive D intentional

9 A pass B escape C miss D avoid

10 A spot B part C side D slice

11 A worry B upset C ache D depress

12 A discouragingly B tightly C uncomfortably D heavily

14 ACTION SCENES IN FILMS

Modern cinema audiences expect to see plenty of thrilling scenes in action films. These

scenes, which are (1).... as stunts, are usually (2).... by stuntmen who are specially trained to

do dangerous things safely. (3).... can crash a car, but if you’re shooting a film, you have to be

extremely (4)...., sometimes stopping (5).... in front of the camera and film crew. At an early

(6) .... in the production, an expert stuntman is (7).... in to work out the action scenes and form

a team. He is the only person who can go (8).... the wishes of the director, (9).... he will

usually only do this in the (10).... of safety.

Many famous actors like to do the dangerous parts themselves, which produces better shots,

since stuntmen don't have to (11).... in for the actors. Actors like to become (12).... in all the

important aspects of the character they are playing, but without the recent progress in safety
equipment, insurance companies would never (13).... them take the risk. To do their own

stunts, actors need to be good athletes, but they must also be sensible and know their (14) ... If

they were to be hurt, the film would (15).... to a sudden halt.

1 A remarked B known C referred D named

2 A performed B given C fulfilled D displayed

3 A Everyone B Someone C Anyone D No-one

4 A detailed B plain C straight D precise

5 A right B exact C direct D strict

6 A period B minute C part D stage

7 A led B taken C drawn D called

8 A over B against C through D across

9 A despite B so C although D otherwise

10 A interests B needs C purposes D regards

11 A work B get C put D stand

12 A connected B arranged C involved D affected

13 A allow B let C permit D admit

14 A limits B ends C frontiers D borders

15 A come B fall C pull D go

15 A DEADLY JOB

In Eastern Java one way to (1)__________a living is to harvest the sulphur (2) __________

by a local volcano. Twice a day, around thirty porters leave their huts and head

(3)__________ the 3,156 metre summit of the Welirang Volcano. Once there, they use metal

bars in order to break the sulphur into blocks that will fit into their baskets. While collecting

sulphur, the porters are exposed to toxic fumes which cause many incurable (4)__________.

Most of them, however, don't pay attention to the health risks they face daily and use only a
face mask to (5)___________ themselves. This work (6)__________ their health and they are

often in (7)___________ .As they get older, they become fragile and eventually

(8)_____________ from throat or lung cancer, from which they never (9)____________ .

What is more, they are not paid well, even though they lead a difficult life and their health is

(10)_____________ beyond repair. Yet, In spite of the unhealthy conditions, the porters have

no intention of giving (11)____________ their job. (12)___________ it provides them and

their family with an income, they will continue to do it.

1 A support B secure C protect D defend

2 A produced B increased C developed D built up

3 A on B for C into D at

4 A sicknesses B diseases C injuries D infection

s 5 A guard B rescue C support D protect

6 A risks B endangers C decreases D warns

7 A pain B ache C difficulty D illness

8 A injure B hurt C suffer D collapse

9 A overcome B cure C recover D heal

10 A hurt B injured C harmed D wounded

11 A back B away C in D up

12 A As long as B Unless C Even if D In case

Rewrite these sentences in passive. Sometimes there is more than one option.

1 I hope they will chose me for the college football team.

2 If it hadn't rained so much, we would have finished the job on time.

3 They had asked the guests to arrive by 7.30 p.m.

4 My brother looks after it every day.

5 Did your next door neighbour see the thieves?

6 The entire cast has to learn the script by Monday.

7 You should wash this sweater by hand.

8 Roentgen discovered X-rays by accident while he was experimenting with electricity.

9 They say he has lost his job.

10 Tina said that somebody has stolen her car.

11 You will complete the form in black ink.

12 They have kept me waiting for over 20 minutes.

13 We expect profits to fall slightly next year.

14 They think that the painting is worth at least 5 milloin dollars.

Complete using the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets

1 The Earth _________(hold) by the gravity of the Sun and orbits around it.

2 The first feature-length comedy film _________ (create) by Charlie Chaplin.

3 The award for best video ___________ (present) later this evening.

4 I don't know whether our tests __________ (mark) yet or not.

5 Radio waves __________ (discover) by Marconi.

6 You wouldn't think it to look at him now, but Jack ______(bully) when he

was at school.

7 Your application_______ (consider) and we will let you know as soon as we've made a

decision.

8 The roof of the car can ________ (lower) by pressing this button here.

9 Our tent _________ (blow) over in the night by the wind.

10 Chess _________ (play) for around two thousand years now.

11 Two men _________ (question) at this moment by police in connection with the burglary.

Complete these sentences with by, for or with.

1 Model planes can be painted ________ varnish or paint. (with)

2 Mammoths were hunted _____ early humans.

3 They were hunted _____ spears.

4 They were hunted _____ their meat and hide.

5 The meat was eaten ____ whole tribe.

6 Their hides were used ____ clothing.

7 Nowadays, their fossilized remains are still found ______ palaeontologists.

8 She was woken up ____ a loud noise.

9 The parcel was tied up ____ string.

10 John was told off ___ his mother.

11 This picture was painted ___ a famous artist.

12 The chair was covered ____ a woolen blanket.

13 The walls were decorated _____ posters.

14 My car was repaired ____ my father.

15 The dessert was made ______ fresh cream.

1 - Mark Rothko

Mark Rothko, one of the greatest painters of the twentieth century, was born in Daugavpils,

Latvia in 1903. His father emigrated to the United States, afraid that his sons would be drafted

into the Czarist army. Mark stayed in Russia with his mother and older sister; they joined the

family later, arriving in the winter of 1913, after a 12-day voyage.

Mark moved to New York in the autumn of 1923 and found employment in the garment trade

and took up residence on the Upper West Side. It was while he was visiting someone at the

Art Students League that he saw students sketching a nude model. According to him, this was

the start of his life as an artist. He was twenty years old and had taken some art lessons at

school, so his initial experience was far from an immediate calling.

In 1936, Mark Rothko began writing a book, which he never completed, about the similarities

in the children's art and the work of modern painters. The work of modernists, which was

influenced by primitive art, could, according to him, be compared to that of children in that

"child art transforms itself into primitivism, which is only the child producing a mimicry of

himself." In this same work, he said that "the fact that one usually begins with drawing is

already academic. We start with colour."

It was not long before his multiforms developed into the style he is remembered for; in 1949

Rothko exhibited these new works at the Betty Parsons Gallery. For critic Harold Rosenberg,
the paintings were a revelation. Rothko had, after painting his first multiform, secluded

himself to his home in East Hampton on Long Island, only inviting a very few people,

including Rosenberg, to view the new paintings. The discovery of his definitive form came at

a period of great grief; his mother Kate died in October 1948 and it was at some point during

that winter that Rothko chanced upon the striking symmetrical rectangular blocks of two to

three opposing or contrasting, yet complementary colours. As part of this new uniformity of

artistic vision, his paintings and drawings no longer had individual titles; from this point on

they were simply untitled, numbered or dated. However, to assist in distinguishing one work

from another, dealers would sometimes add the primary colours to the name. Additionally, for

the next few years, Rothko painted in oil only on large vertical canvasses. This was done to

overwhelm the viewer, or, in his words, to make the viewer feel enveloped within the picture.

On February 25, 1970, Oliver Steindecker, Rothko’s assistant, found him in his kitchen, lying

on the floor in front of the sink, covered in blood. His arms had been cut open with a razor.

The emergency doctor arrived on the scene minutes later to pronounce him dead as the result

of suicide; it was discovered during the autopsy that he had also overdosed on anti

depressants. He was just 66 years old.

Q1 - Mark Rothko emigrated to the United States

A with his father and elder sister.

B with his mother and brothers.

C with his mother and elder sister.

D with all his family.

2 – Hi Tech

Nowadays, many useful gadgets (small machines) are advertised as ‘smart’. This ‘smartness’

generally means that the machine can change how it works to suit the user’s needs, learn our

preferences, and make intelligent choices for us. Smartphones can now take photos, play songs, send

emails, and do a thousand other useful things, such as shopping online or assisting us with our

homework. We used to need lots of machines to help us to do these things, but not any more. They

fit in our pockets, but contain more data than we could ever possibly need, or remember.
If you asked most people, they would say that smart machines have improved life. Not everyone

agrees, however. A few scientists are worried about the effect of using machines to do things that we

used to do for ourselves. For example, we don’t have to remember people’s contact details any

more, as our phones store this information. We can also find information instantly, via internet

search engines like Google. A few studies have shown, surprisingly, that people in their 50s and 60s

are better than teenagers at studying and memorizing information, because they’ve always worked

this way.

Technology has changed our expectations and made us very impatient. Now we want our news in

tiny soundbites, and get bored if we actually have to read or listen for more than a minute or two.

Scientists reported recently that the internet was changing how we think and learn. One author even

said that Google was making us stupid! It’s certainly true that we often do two or three things

simultaneously when we are online, and it’s harder and harder to focus on one thing. Maybe

technology is bad for our brains, and our memories, and we should stop depending on it all the time.

But if you tell me to give up my smartphone, sorry, I won’t!

1 Different people use ‘smart’ gadgets in different ways.

A True  B False  C Doesn’t say 

In the past four decades, people around the world have become increasingly aware of the problem

of energy. Traditional energy sources such as oil and natural gas are dwindling rapidly. In many

countries, this has meant extracting natural resources at the expense of the environment. Recent

drilling for oil in places such as Alaska, for example, may harm wildlife in the area. In order to

solve this problem, scientists are looking for new ways to satisfy the world’s energy needs.

One possible solution to the energy problem is “solar paint” called “Sun-believable”. Scientists at

the University of Notre Dame have invented a paint that can produce energy. The paint has

energy-producing particles called “quantum dots” that convert sunlight into electricity. Despite

the promise of solar paint, there are still some problems. The paint only converts about 1 per cent

of light to energy. On the other hand, the paint is cheap to make and can be used anywhere.

Scientists are trying to make the paint more efficient in converting sunlight to energy.

Garbage and waste can also be changed to energy but there are some issues with this method.
This method, called “Waste to Energy” or WtE, has become popular in the last 10 years. In this

situation, solid waste is burned at very high temperatures to create energy. The problem is that

this burning process causes pollution so it actually creates more problems. Some new energy

plants use a cleaner method of converting waste to energy. Japan has recently built many Waste

to Energy plants since the year 2000. However, these types of energy plants still emit carbon

dioxide (CO2), which contributes to other environmental problems. Waste to Energy plants

remain somewhat controversial among scientists and environmental activists.

Finally, the use of wind as a source of energy is becoming more popular recently. Floating wind

farms are large groups of big wind turbines (fans) that many countries are beginning to build.

Building the turbines on the ocean is more effective than building them on land because there

tends to be a steadier and stronger wind on the ocean. Building the farms on the ocean also helps

save valuable space in crowded countries. After the nuclear disaster at Fukushima in March of

2011, the Japanese government announced plans to build 80 floating wind turbines off the coast of

Fukushima by 2020.

According to the article, what is happening to conventional energy sources?

A They are diminishing very quickly

B They are becoming increasingly available

C They are expanding at a rapid rate

D They are becoming less of a problem to extract

The Omega Institute for Holistic Studies is one of America’s leading centres for personal growth and
wellness.

Omega offers inspirational courses to improve your body and mind in nearly 200 acres of the beautiful
Hudson

Valley, New York State. Omega is fully committed to creating a sustainable world for you and your
families.

Whatever your needs, you will be able to satisfy them at the Omega Institute. Courses marked with an *
are

also available in downtown Manhattan.

SPECIAL EVENTS

Psychology and the Art of Meditation

This offers practical guidelines on how to cope with the stress of modern life. There will be workshops on
how

to deal with fear, conflict and anxiety. Emphasis is on how to tap into our inner resources and achieve
personal

transformation.

This course is exclusively for health-care professionals, and those working within fields such as
psychology,

psychiatry and social work who wish to enhance their therapeutic techniques.

Friday 7:30p.m.-10:00p.m.

And Saturday 9:30a.m.-4:30 p.m.

Call 845.757.2250 or e-mail us at [email protected]

REST RETREATS

Make spiritual matters your priority.

86

Stay for any 6 nights and receive a 25% discount.

Choose from a wide range of activities, including meditation, yoga or try kayaking on the river. Select the
spa

treatment that fits your needs. Or simply go for quiet walks by the lake or along country roads in the
rolling hills

of the surrounding countryside. Optional demonstration classes on how to prepare healthy food and
achieve

weight loss.

Call 845.757.1717 or e-mail us at [email protected]

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

Leadership and the Community. *

While it is undoubtedly true that change begins from deep inside us, this is a process which needs
support and

encouragement. Once you are comfortable with yourself you will feel more at ease communicating with
the
other opinion formers in your local community. Omega provides the training that you need. Omega will
show

you how to maximise your own greatest strengths.

Spiritual Activism

We must appreciate our deepest needs and our connection to the Earth. The course promotes harmony
and

cooperation. See how your gifts and talents make you special and how they can help you make a
difference to

the peace of global communities.

Courses through the year.

Courses may be designed for business/corporate clients.

Call 845.757.1234 or e-mail us at [email protected]

CREATIVITY

Creativity allows us to express our inner selves. As Albert Einstein so rightly said, ‘play is the highest form
of

research.’ Omega courses and workshops do far more than teach you new techniques. The aim is to help
you

discover and develop the strength and self-confidence inside every human being.

Art Workshop

Shows you how to access the right side of your brain, your creative side, while increasing your technical
skills.

All levels welcome.

Dance Workshop *

Connect with your body and learn new ways to express yourself artistically. Classes from beginners to

advanced.

Writing Retreats

Motivates you to begin that novel or short story you have always wanted to write. Offers advice on how
to

develop plot and character. Some evidence of your own creative writing should be sent in with your
application.

Workshops may be taken individually or as a series.

Call 845.757.4321 or e-mail us at [email protected]

REGISTRATION

•Pay online by credit card

•By phone. Call toll free 877.944.4000 in US or 845.255.7777 for International

•Fax registration form to 845.266.3768 or e-mail [email protected]

•Post registration form to: Omega Institute 15 Lakeside Drive Rhinebeck NY 1252-4953

All courses and bookings are subject to availability.

There is a two-night minimum stay for the Rest Retreat.

Call 845.757.1234 or e-mail us at [email protected] for further information

1. Which of the following would you not be able to register for only one day?

a. the Dance Workshop

b. the course on Spiritual Activism

c. the Rest Retreat

d. the Special Event

How long do you have to make a good first impression on someone you have just met?

Psychologists have debated the answer to this question for a long time but new research has

begun to solve the issue. The answer is quite interesting.

Two Princeton psychologists, Alexander Todorov and Janine Willis, wanted to measure the

time that it takes for a person to make a judgment about someone they had never seen

before. They conducted an experiment where subjects were shown photographs of peoples’

faces for different lengths of time and then were asked questions about the person in the

photo. The photos were shown to the subjects for 100 milliseconds (1/10th of a second), 500

milliseconds (1/2 a second) and 1,000 milliseconds (1 second). Another set of people, called

a control group, was shown the same photographs of the same people but they could look at

the photos for as long as they wanted with no time constraints.

Afterwards, each subject in the experiment had to rate the person in the photo based on

attractiveness, likeability, competence, and trustworthiness. Todorov and Willis found in

their results that the subjects who looked at the photos for only 1/10th of a second made very

similar judgments about the people in the photos as the control group made. This was very
surprising and shows that first impressions are quickly made and usually lasting. Perhaps this

ability to quickly judge whether another person is a threat or a friend helped humans survive a

long time ago.

Malcolm Gladwell, a famous American author, has also written a book about how people

make extremely quick decisions, also known as “snap judgments”. In his book, “Blink: The

Power of Thinking Without Thinking”, he examines how experts often make more accurate

decisions without having much time to think about them. In daily life, snap judgments are

also used in situations like gambling, speed dating, and predicting divorce. In his studies, he

found that having too much information can actually interfere with the ability to judge.

However, he also warns that there are times when snap judgments can lead to horrible

mistakes or prejudices.

1. According to the article, what new research have psychologists been conducting?

a) they have been trying to decide why people are so interested in making a good first

impression

b) they have been determining how long it takes for people to evaluate each other when

they meet for the first time

c) they have been determining why people appear to be more attracted to a certain type

of person

d) they have been working out which is the best way to make a good first impression

with every new encounter

6 - Smart Energy

The next few decades will see great changes in the way energy is supplied and used. In some

major oil producing nations, 'peak oil' has already been reached, and there are increasing fears

of global warming. Consequently, many countries are focusing on the switch to a low carbon

economy. This transition will lead to major changes in the supply and use of

electricity. [A] Firstly, there will be an increase in overall demand, as consumers switch from

oil and gas to electricity to power their homes and vehicles. [B] Secondly, there will be an

increase in power generation, not only in terms of how much is generated, but also how it is

generated, as there is growing electricity generation from renewable sources. [C] To meet
these challenges, countries are investing in Smart Grid technology. [D] This system aims to

provide the electricity industry with a better understanding of power generation and demand,

and to use this information to create a more efficient power network.

Smart Grid technology basically involves the application of a computer system to the

electricity network. The computer system can be used to collect information about supply and

demand and improve engineer's ability to manage the system. With better information about

electricity demand, the network will be able to increase the amount of electricity delivered per

unit generated, leading to potential reductions in fuel needs and carbon emissions. Moreover,

the computer system will assist in reducing operational and maintenance costs.

Smart Grid technology offers benefits to the consumer too. They will be able to collect real

time information on their energy use for each appliance. Varying tariffs throughout the day

will give customers the incentive to use appliances at times when supply greatly exceeds

demand, leading to great reductions in bills. For example, they may use their washing

machines at night. Smart meters can also be connected to the internet or telephone system,

allowing customers to switch appliances on or off remotely. Furthermore, if houses are fitted

with the apparatus to generate their own power, appliances can be set to run directly from the

on-site power source, and any excess can be sold to the grid.

With these changes comes a range of challenges. The first involves managing the supply and

demand. Sources of renewable energy, such as wind, wave and solar, are notoriously

unpredictable, and nuclear power, which is also set to increase as nations switch to alternative

energy sources, is inflexible. With oil and gas, it is relatively simple to increase the supply of

energy to match the increasing demand during peak times of the day or year. With alternative

sources, this is far more difficult, and may lead to blackouts or system collapse. Potential

solutions include investigating new and efficient ways to store energy and encouraging

consumers to use electricity at off-peak times.

A second problem is the fact that many renewable power generation sources are located in

remote areas, such as windy uplands and coastal regions, where there is currently a lack of

electrical infrastructure. New infrastructures therefore must be built. Thankfully, with

improved smart technology, this can be done more efficiently by reducing the reinforcement
or construction costs.

Although Smart Technology is still in its infancy, pilot schemes to promote and test it are

already underway. Consumers are currently testing the new smart meters which can be used

in their homes to manage electricity use. There are also a number of demonstrations being

planned to show how the smart technology could practically work, and trials are in place to

test the new electrical infrastructure. It is likely that technology will be added in 'layers',

starting with 'quick win' methods which will provide initial carbon savings, to be followed by

more advanced systems at a later date. Cities are prime candidates for investment into smart

energy, due to the high population density and high energy use. It is here where Smart

Technology is likely to be promoted first, utilising a range of sustainable power sources,

transport solutions and an infrastructure for charging electrically powered vehicles. The

infrastructure is already changing fast. By the year 2050, changes in the energy supply will

have transformed our homes, our roads and our behaviour.

1. According to paragraph 1, what has happened in some oil producing countries?

A They are unwilling to sell their oil any more.

B They are not producing as much oil as they used to.

C The supply of oil is unpredictable.

D Global warming is more sever here than in other countries.

Guinness World Records, (also known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records) is a

reference book published annually, containing a collection of world records, of both humans

and nature. The book itself holds a world record, as the best-selling book series of all time. It

is also one of the most frequently stolen books from public libraries in the United States.

On May 4th, 1951, Sir Hugh Beaver, a manager of a beer company called Guinness Breweries,

went on a hunting trip with some friends in Ireland. He got into an argument about whether

the koshin golden plover or the grouse was the fastest bird in Europe. That evening, he

realized that it was impossible to find the answer in any books. Beaver knew that there must

be many other similar arguments but there was no book in the world which had the answer.

He realized that a book with the answers to these types of questions could be popular.
Sir Beaver paid two brothers to research and print the facts in a book called ‘The Guinness

Book of Records’. The company gave out 1,000 of the books for free. The first 197-page

edition became a bestseller in Britain by Christmas in 1955. The following year it was

released in the U.S., and it sold 70,000 copies.

Because the book became a surprise hit, Guinness eventually printed a new version of it in

October of every year. Guinness World Records’ headquarters is in London but it also has

offices in New York City and Tokyo. There is also a Guinness World Records Museum in

Orlando, Florida.

There are traditional records for competitions such as weightlifting or the longest time spent

playing video games. Guinness World Records used to publish records for smoking, drinking

alcohol, and eating but they have stopped because they are afraid that this is unhealthy for

people. Guinness World Records also publishes facts such as the highest paid actor (Johnny

Depp), fastest jump rope (Megumi Suzuki), and the smallest country in the world (Sealand).

Many records are also about the youngest person to do something. There is also a record for

the person holds the most records such as Ashrita Furman of New York, who held 100 records

in 2009.

In 2005, Guinness declared November 9th as ‘International Guinness World Records Day’ to

encourage breaking of world records. It was described as very successful. The 2006 version

was called “the world’s biggest international event,” with an estimated 100,000 people

participating in over 10 countries. The top 100 Guinness World Records are available on their

website.

1 According to the article, what is the Guinness World Records?

A a book about human nature

B a reference book which is published every year

C a nature book which is published annually

D a book about public libraries in the United States

8 – Ghost town in Brazil

There is a ghost town in the middle of the Amazon rainforest – a little piece of the United States

recreated in an utterly remote location, now overgrown with weeds and bushes, and only occasional
visitors passing through. How did this distinctive Midwest small town get to faraway Brazil?

It was around 1927 that car manufacturer Henry Ford realized he needed to find a cheap source of

rubber for the manufacturing of car tyres. At the time, British companies in Asia held a monopoly on

rubber, which they grew on enormous plantations in Malaysia. Ford found himself unable to

negotiate favourable prices with them, so he decided to make rubber himself. Since all the rubber

trees in Asia originally came from South America, he decided to buy land there. He bought more than

two million acres from the Brazilian government in return for 9% of all the profits he was going to

make; however, he never made any profit.

Ford had a grand vision for his town, which he named Fordlandia. He wanted the town to offer all the

luxury ordinary workers could only dream of: brand new housing with all mod cons, a hospital, a

library, a hotel, a swimming pool, tennis courts, and restaurants, and that’s not all. Workers were

paid 37 cents a day – which was almost twice the average wage in the USA at the time! Who

wouldn’t have liked to sign up?

Ford also wanted his workers to lead a clean, American lifestyle; as he said, his intention was ‘to

cultivate workers and human beings’. Unfortunately, he didn’t do any research into local culture.

Native Brazilian plantation workers were forced to learn and speak English, go to poetry readings,

and, most crucially of all, eat American food all the time. Restaurants in Fordlandia only served dishes

like hamburgers and hot dogs, pasta, and pizza. For healthier options, they had canned peaches,

brown rice, and wholewheat bread. Any workers who got caught smuggling in Brazilian food were

docked a week’s wages – some even got fired. Disease and accidents with poisonous animals in the

middle of the jungle were common. But workers suffered most from digestion problems because of

the unfamiliar diet.

Ford also imposed American working hours. People had to continue working through the midday

heat, instead of taking a siesta between an earlier morning shift and a late evening shift, as is often

the custom in tropical climates. Fordlandia workers got so sick and tired of it all at one point in 1930

that the American managers had to flee the town, and the Brazilian army marched in to restore

order.

The rubber plantations also turned out to be a disaster. The plantations in Asia were successful

because the land was fertile and there were no native diseases affecting rubber trees – unlike in
Brazil. Ford also believed the more trees he planted the more rubber he would produce. But planting

trees so close together helped diseases and insects to spread more easily from infected trees to the

whole plantation, destroying everything time and time again. However, Ford blindly ignored this …

and ordered even more trees to be planted year after year.

In 1933, he began to realize his grand concept was not working, so he had another town, Belterra,

built further down the river. In another 12 years, all his investment turned out to be a complete

waste, and he had to sell everything back to the Brazilian government. By 1945, synthetic rubber was

cheaper and easier to manufacture so nobody needed rubber plantations any more. Despite all

Ford’s money, not a tiny bit of rubber from Fordlandia or Belterra was ever used in the production of

a Ford car! What is possibly even more shocking: in all those 18 years, Henry Ford himself never once

visited Fordlandia, the ‘dream town’ he created.

1 Read the article. Are the following statements true (T), false (F), or not stated (NS)?

1 There is an abandoned American town deep in the Brazilian jungle. c___

History remembers winners. Only rarely do we commemorate those who came second. The story of

Robert Falcon Scott is one of those rare exceptions.

In January 1912, Scott and four others reached what is possibly the most remote place on Earth: the

South Pole. It was not Scott’s first voyage to the Antarctic; he led a successful mapping expedition

there between 1901 and 1904. In fact, it was the results of that expedition that enabled Ernest

Shackleton to attempt but narrowly fail to reach the Pole in 1909. To his credit, Shackleton did

succeed in returning all his men safely. Scott made it his mission in life to surpass Shackleton’s

achievement. Scott knew about a number of other expeditions being prepared at the same time as

his. The most important one was in Norway, by the veteran explorer Roald Amundsen, but Scott

insisted that he would not sacrifice their scientific goals to win a race to the Pole. He even wrote in

his diary that if Amundsen got through first, he would deserve his luck.

Scott selected 65 men out of over 8,000 applicants for the expedition – including several members of

his own mapping trip and Shackleton’s aborted expedition. Scott’s team left Britain in June 1910, on

board the sailing ship Terra Nova. Reaching the Pole was only one of the expedition’s stated goals;

Scott also wanted to carry out geological explorations of the regions called King Edward VII Land and
Victoria Land. In fact, while completing this assignment in early February 1911, some of Scott’s men

ran into Amundsen’s team camping in a small bay east of Scott’s base. When Scott was told this, he

decided that they should proceed exactly as though this had not happened’. In the Antarctic summer

of 1911, Scott and his men set up a series of campsites with food and other provisions along the

planned route to the Pole. The campsite nearest to their destination was the One Ton Depot.

In October 1911, a team of 16 left the base, and headed for the Pole. At the beginning, they moved

more slowly than they had anticipated, but by late December they had made up for the lost time.

They had been stopping and resting at the previously established campsites, and leaving behind

some members of the team to start resupplying the camps for the return journey. When the small

final team of five explorers reached the South Pole on 17 January 1912, they thought they had won

the race. A day later, they came across Amundsen’s tent nearby, with a letter the Norwegian had

kindly asked Scott to deliver to the King of Norway. The Norwegians only beat the British by four

weeks, arriving at the Pole on 15 December 1911.

Scott’s party set out on their journey home across the ice. One of them died shortly afterwards as a

result of multiple hand and head injuries. The remaining survivors came up against extreme weather

conditions. They were unable to walk more than eight kilometres a day, and their supplies were fast

running out. In March, a fierce snowstorm stopped them completely, only 18 kilometres from One

Ton Depot. Scott made the final note in his diary on 29 March 1912: ‘I do not think we can hope for

any better things now. We shall stick it out to the end, but we are getting weaker, of course, and the

end cannot be far. It seems a pity but I do not think I can write more. R. Scott.’

A rescue expedition found their tent and the explorers’ frozen bodies on 12 November 1912. A large

memorial was erected near their base in January 1913, with a quotation from Tennyson’s poem

‘Ulysses’: ‘To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield’.

2 Read the article again. Are the following statements true (T), false (F), or not stated (NS)?

1 Scott didn’t know about other planned expeditions to reach the South Pole. c___

10 - Airbus crisis over

Airbus says it has turned the corner after a crisis connected to production problems and

turmoil in the boardroom at its A380 super-jumbo project that has gone on for the past year.

Speaking at the Paris air show, Louis Gallois, CEO of the European planemaker, said, "Airbus
is back."

Airbus, which announced a raft of orders on the first day of the show, is competing with

Boeing, its American rival, for the title of the largest planemaker in the world.

Boeing is expected to reveal the numbers of orders for its 787 Dreamliner soon. Airbus orders

unveiled on Monday included Qatar Airways confirming a $16bn order for 80 A350 Airbus

planes and ordering three A380 super-jumbos for about $750m.

Boeing and Airbus are also competing for orders from aircraft leasing firms. Orders from

these companies - who rank highly among the biggest global buyers of aircraft - are often

regarded as an indication of how successful a model will be in the long term.

Airbus also secured orders from US Airways that are worth $10bn for 22 of its A350 jets, 60

A320s and ten of its A330-200 wide-body planes.

A few months ago, Airbus unveiled a major cost-cutting programme aiming to reduce the

workforce in Europe by 10,000, as well as announcing a group restructuring. "I can tell you

with full confidence that Airbus is back and fully back, as you have started noting yesterday

as demonstrated by our first day announcements," said Mr Gallois on the second day of the air

show.

However, Boeing also announced a deal with General Electric (GE) on the show's first day.

GE's commercial aviation services placed an order for six 777 Boeing freighters valued at

around $1.4bn, to be delivered in the last quarter of 2008.

A Wall Street Journal website report, quoting the Delta operating chief yesterday said that

Delta Air Lines were on the verge of ordering as many as 125 Boeing 787 jetliners by the end

of this year. However, a spokesman for Delta later said that it had been having conversations

"with several aircraft makers" and that "no final decision" had been made on future fleet

purchases.

Q1 - The problems at Airbus

A have been resolved completely.

B are well on their way to being sorted out.

C are far from resolved.

11 - Visa Applications
If you wish to come to the United Kingdom, either as a visitor or a student, you may need to

apply for a visa. Visas vary according to your age, the length of your stay and your level of

English study.

The following visa types are available:

 Child Student

 Child Visitor

 Adult Student

 Student Visitor

Prospective Student

The UK operates a points-based system which will decide whether or not you can apply for a

visa. You need 40 points in order to apply for a visa. You will obtain 30 points if you have

confirmation from the college, university or school that you have been accepted on a course.

Your chosen place of studies must be registered on the UK Border Agency list of sponsors.

You can obtain a list by clicking on the link below.

You will need to earn a further 10 by demonstrating that you cover the cost of your study

fees and living costs. In doing so, you can rest assured that you will avoid financial difficulties

while you are studying.

If you wish to extend your study experience in the UK, you will need to pass a further points

based assessment to ensure that you have been accepted on another course and that you

can afford to pay the fees and living costs.

To make your UK study experience even richer, you may be eligible for a work and study

visa. Getting a job while you are studying can improve your language skills and enhance your

CV by showing that you are flexible, team-oriented and well-organised. You will also be able

to get a reference from your employer which will help you gain employment in the future.

Before accepting a job, you must find out whether your visa allows you to work in the UK,

and the maximum number of hours you can work each week from the UK Border Agency.

Most UK places of study have a career service which will help you to access job listings, write

a CV or application form and prepare for a job interview.

To work in the UK you will need a National Insurance number. This number is used to deduct

money from your earnings to fund benefits for the unemployed, incapacitated and retired.

To obtain a national insurance number, you will need to attend an interview. You can make

an appointment for an interview by calling 0845 600 0643 during usual office hours. You will

need to take proof of identity, proof of your right to work in the UK and written proof of

your job offer. You may start work before your number is issued as long as your employer

deducts the appropriate national insurance contributions from your pay.

1.

Each of the short paragraphs below gives information about the five types of visa A-E. Read

each paragraph and choose which of the five links would contain this information. There is

one paragraph that you do not need.

paragraph 1. If you have already completed a course of study in the UK and do not intend to

study further, you can apply for this visa to extend your stay. This visa allows you to work in

the UK for a further 6 months.

paragraph 2. If you are under the age of 17 and wish to study for less than six months, you

can apply for this visa. If you wish to extend your course of study, you may not swap to a

student visa while you are in the UK. You must return to your home country and do so there.

paragraph 3. Students in post-16 education can apply for this visa. This visa is suitable for

students attending courses for over six months. Holders of this visa may be eligible to work

in the UK.

paragraph 4. Students over the age of 18 who wish to study for up to six months can apply

for this visa. This visa does not allow students to work in the UK. Students may only extend

their visa or switch to a student visa by returning to their home country.

paragraph 5. You can apply for this visa if you are between the ages of 4 and 15 and intend

to attend a full-time, fee-paying independent school for a period of over six months or more.

16 and 17 year olds may attend part-time, fee-paying establishments.

paragraph 6. If you want to come to the UK before choosing your course of study, you can

apply for this visa. You will need to start your course within 6 months of arrival. You may

switch to an adult or child student visa while in the UK without returning to your home
country.

A - Child Student

B - Child Visitor

C - Adult Student

1. Paragraph 1

2. Paragraph 2

3.Paragraph 3

D - Student Visitor 4. Paragraph 4

E - Prospective Student 5. Paragraph 5

6. Paragraph 6

12

One of the biggest scientific research projects in history is the Human Genome Project (HGP).

This is an attempt to map how the very basics of life fit and work together to create human DNA.

Knowing this may help us better understand human evolution and could provide significant

medical benefits, such as the development of molecular medicine.

The roots of the HGP are in late 1984 when several US government departments held a meeting to

discuss the possibility of studying the human genome. They had hoped to use DNA analysis to

examine possible genetic changes in atomic bomb survivors. The government approved the

project four years later. Two years later, it began in earnest as the government published a plan to

map out the human genome over the next five years. The entire project was estimated to take

fifteen years total to complete.

The project’s scope was very wide and included international partnerships with many countries,

including the United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, and France. The HGP was not only established

for the purposes of strictly scientific research but also to examine the legal and ethical questions

about the use of DNA. A separate program, ELSI (Ethical Legal and Social Implications) was

launched in 1990 for this purpose. The HGP’s other goals include developing and improving

technology as well as collecting and managing information (often called bioinformatics).

The duration and scale of the HGP are not surprising, especially considering the complex nature

of DNA sequencing. This is the process of understanding how DNA is arranged and organized at

the atomic level. DNA contains the genetic information that determines how life develops. The

basic units within DNA are base pairs of adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. Because of the

many millions of base pairs in human DNA and the limits of technology, DNA sequencing can

take a long time to perform.

The HGP was completed in 2003. The first study about the HGP was published a year later. This

indicated that the HGP was very accurate in its sequencing attempts. The genome sequence is

freely available on the Internet for download. Although the project has finished, scientists have

barely begun to grasp the practical and scientific implications of all this new information. It is

possible that this could lead to potential breakthroughs in areas of medical research for disease

prevention and cures. It may also shape how scientists examine issues in evolution. For example,

they could use the HGP information to look into how life changed over millions of years at a

molecular level.

1 According to the article, when did the US government approve the Human Genome Project?

A 1984

B 1988

C 1990

D 2003

13 - The Shock of the Truth

A Throughout history, there have been instances in which people have been unwilling to

accept new theories, despite startling evidence. This was certainly the case when

Copernicus published his theory - that the earth was not the centre of the universe.

B Until the early 16th century, western thinkers believed the theory put forward by Ptolemy,

an Egyptian living in Alexandria in about 150 A.D. His theory, which was formulated by

gathering and organizing the thoughts of the earlier thinkers, proposed that the universe

was a closed space bounded by a spherical envelope beyond which there was nothing. The

earth, according to Ptolemy, was a fixed and immobile mass, located at the centre of the

universe. The sun and the stars, revolved around it.

C The theory appealed to human nature. Someone making casual observations as they

looked into the sky might come to a similar conclusion. It also fed the human ego. Humans

could believe that they were at the centre of God's universe, and the sun and stars were

created for their benefit.

D Ptolemy's theory, was of course, incorrect, but at the time nobody contested it. European

astronomers were more inclined to save face. Instead of proposing new ideas, they

attempted to patch up and refine Ptolemy's flawed model. Students were taught using a

book called The Sphere which had been written two hundred years previously. In short,

astronomy failed to advance.

E In 1530, however, Mikolaj Kopernik, more commonly known as Copernicus, made an

assertion which shook the world. He proposed that the earth turned on its axis once per day,

and travelled around the sun once per year. Even when he made his discovery, he was

reluctant to make it public, knowing how much his shocking revelations would disturb the

church. However, George Rheticus, a German mathematics professor who had become

Copernicus's student, convinced Copernicus to publish his ideas, even though Copernicus, a

perfectionist, was never satisfied that his observations were complete.

F Copernicus's ideas went against all the political and religious beliefs of the time. Humans,

it was believed, were made in God's image, and were superior to all creatures. The natural

world had been created for humans to exploit. Copernicus's theories contradicted the ideas

of all the powerful churchmen of the time. Even the famous playwright William Shakespeare

feared the new theory, pronouncing that it would destroy social order and bring chaos to the

world. However, Copernicus never had to suffer at the hands of those who disagreed with

his theories. He died just after the work was published in 1543.

G However, the scientists who followed in Copernicus's footsteps bore the brunt of the

church's anger. Two other Italian scientists of the time, Galileo and Bruno, agreed

wholeheartedly with the Copernican theory. Bruno even dared to say that space was

endless and contained many other suns, each with its own planets. For this, Bruno was

sentenced to death by burning in 1600. Galileo, famous for his construction of the

telescope, was forced to deny his belief in the Copernican theories. He escaped capital
punishment, but was imprisoned for the rest of his life.

H In time however, Copernicus's work became more accepted. Subsequent scientists and

mathematicians such as Brahe, Kepler and Newton took Copernicus's work as a starting

point and used it to glean further truths about the laws of celestial mechanics.

I The most important aspect of Copernicus' work is that it forever changed the place of man

in the cosmos. With Copernicus' work, man could no longer take that premier position

which the theologians had immodestly assigned him. This was the first, but certainly not the

last time in which man would have to accept his position as a mere part of the universe, not

at the centre of it.

The text has nine paragraphs, A-I.

Which paragraph contains the following information? (you can choose the same paragraph

more than once)

1. The public's reaction to the new theory

A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I

14 - Introduction to a book about the history of colour

This book examines how the ever-changing role of colour in society has been reflected in

manuscripts, stained glass, clothing, painting and popular culture. Colour is a natural

phenomenon, of course, but it is also a complex cultural construct that resists generalization

and, indeed, analysis itself. No doubt this is why serious works devoted to colour are rarer and

rarer, there are still those that aim to study it in historical context. Many authors search for the

universal or archetypal truths they imagine reside in colour, but for the historian, such truths

do not exist. Colour is first and foremost a social phenomenon. There is no transcultural truth

to colour perception, despite what many books based on poorly grasped neurobiology or —

even worse — on pseudoesoteric pop psychology would have us believe. Such books

unfortunately clutter the bibliography on the subject, and even do it harm.

The silence of historians on the subject of colour, or more particularly their difficulty in

conceiving colour as a subject separate from other historical phenomena, is the result of three

different sets of problems. The first concerns documentation and preservation. We see the

colours transmitted to us by the past as time has altered them and not as they were originally.
Moreover, we see them under light conditions that are often entirely different from those

known by past societies. And finally, over the decades we have developed the habit of looking

at objects from the past in black-and-white photographs and, despite the current diffusion of

colour photography, our ways of thinking about and reacting to these objects seem to have

remained more or less black and white.

The second set of problems concerns methodology. As soon as the historian seeks to study

colour, he must grapple with a host of factors all at once: physics, chemistry, materials, and

techniques of production, as well as iconography, ideology, and the symbolic meanings that

colours convey. How to make sense of all of these elements? How can one establish an

analytical model facilitating the study of images and coloured objects? No researcher, no

method, has yet been able to resolve these problems, because among the numerous facts

pertaining to colour, a researcher tends to select those facts that support his study and to

conveniently forget those that contradict it. This is clearly a poor way to conduct research.

And it is made worse by the temptation to apply to the objects and images of a given

historical period information found in texts of that period. The proper method — at least in

the first phase of analysis - is to proceed as do palaeontologists (who must study cave

paintings without the aid of texts): by extrapolating from the images and the objects

themselves a logic and a system based on various concrete factors such as the rate of

occurrence of particular objects and motifs, their distribution and disposition. In short, one

undertakes the internal structural analysis with which any study of an image or coloured

object should begin.

The third set of problems is philosophical: it is wrong to project our own conceptions and

definitions of colour onto the images, objects and monuments of past centuries. Our

judgements and values are not those of previous societies (and no doubt they will change

again in the future). For the writer-historian looking at the definitions and taxonomy of

colour, the danger of anachronism is very real. For example, the spectrum with its natural

order of colours was unknown before the seventeenth century, while the notion of primary

and secondary- colours did not become common until the nineteenth century. These are not

eternal notions but stages in the ever-changing history of knowledge.

I have reflected on such issues at greater length in my previous work, so while the present

book does address certain of them, for the most part it is devoted to other topics. Nor is it

concerned only with the history of colour in images and artworks - in any case that area still

has many gaps to be filled. Rather, the aim of this book is to examine all kinds of objects in

order to consider the different facets of the history of colour and to show how far beyond the

artistic sphere this history reaches. The history of painting is one thing; that of colour is

another, much larger, question. Most studies devoted to the history of colour err in

considering only the pictorial, artistic or scientific realms. But the lessons to be learned from

colour and its real interest lie elsewhere.

1) What problem regarding colour does the writer explain in the first paragraph?

A Our view of colour is strongly affected by changing fashion.

B Analysis is complicated by the bewildering number of natural colours.

C Colours can have different associations in different parts of the world.

D Certain popular books have dismissed colour as insignificant.

Vocabulary
1) When we _________ at the airport, Jenna’s flight had already landed and she was waiting for

us in the café.

a. arrived b. reached c. got d. approached

2) Beatrice said that working as a ________ is enjoyable in every aspect, apart from the fact

that you have to work outdoors.

a. chambermaid b. stewardess c. tour guide d. travel agent

3) After a week on the yacht, Joshua was happy to be on ________ again.

a. shore b. coast c. beach d. sea

4) When the weather was nice, she liked to go for a walk in the early morning _________.

a. blizzard b. mist c. downpour d. heatwave

5) The _________ he made online cost him an arm and a leg.

a. acquisition b. profit c. purchase d. damage

6) Joe Donne has been ____ with murder and is expected to serve many years in prison.
a. charged b. convicted c. blamed d. sentenced

7) The hijacker said he would release all the ________ if the police satisfied his demands.

a. victims b. witnesses c. jury d. hostages

8) A new villa is being built__________ the outskirts of the city.

a. in b. on c. at d. into

9) Bill and Denise decided to get married but they haven’t __________ a date yet.

a. put b. set c. thought d. held

10) Everyone likes my cooking. Gerard is just the exception_______ the rule.

a. of b. in c. to d. from

11) Vivian had a very busy year, because she was_____ in several theatrical performances.

a. concentrated b. related c. involved d. specialised

12) Although they were told to keep their voices ___________, they were still very noisy.

a. back b. down c. off d. on

13) Students should attend all lectures without ____________. .

a. delay b. warning c. doubt d. fail

14) The windmills were such an __________ sight that tourists could not stop taking pictures of

them.

a. impressed b. impressive c. impression d. impress

15) Stuart _________ at his mother’s photo for a second and then continued reading his novel.

a. gazed b. stared c. glanced d. watched

16) The financial scandal, which was revealed right before the Election Day, received a lot of

________ .

a. advertisement b. commercial c. publicity d. announcement

17) Some of the _________ of working for this company are private health insurance, an annual

bonus and commuting expenses.

a. donations b. rewards c. incomes d. perks

18) We _____________ while the artist painted Lisa’s portrait.

a. observed b. viewed c. noticed d. admired

19) I would love to stay and chat, but I am in ________because my train leaves in about an hour.

a. advance b. a hurry c. time d. brief

20) The doctor said my mother’s blood sugar levels were perfectly ____________.

a. normal b. physical c. common d. average

21) The government is planning to ______________ a satellite into space next month.

a. remove b. launch c. shoot d. eject

22) Being a ____________ figure can often mean that you have to give up your personal life.

a. celebrity b. star c. fabulous d. public

23) Bob was going to propose to Alexandra last night, but in the end he ____________ and

decided to wait a bit longer.

a. turned a blind eye b. was all ears c. broke a leg d. got cold feet

24) What meanings do you think the writer is trying to ________________ ?

a. connect b. transport c. convey d. transfer

25) Although I don’t like using credit cards, they come _____________ if you run out of cash.

a. in handy b. into effect c. into power d. to light

26) To meet the deadline we must stop wasting time and get .

a. down to business b. the sack c. even d. on our nerves

27) Geraniums bring ______________________ memories of my happy childhood in the village.

a. up b. back c. in d. round

28) Her parents have been putting a lot of ___________________ on her to get a part-time job.

a. effort b. money c. pressure d. blame

29) They all agreed that Stephanie might not be perfect, but has a lot of .

a. possibility b. potential c. probability d. likelihood

30) Charles was not sure which profession to enter, but finally _________ for law.

a chose b opted c accepted d selected

31) Bacteria can't be seen by _______ eye. You have to use a microscope.

a. nude b. naked c. bare d. mere

32) The prime minister delivered his _________ in German.

a. speech b. talk c. tongue d. accent

33) He speaks five languages, but his mother __________ is Japanese

a. speech b. language c. tongue d. talk

34) With the weekend free, we decided to take a two-day _______to the nearest island.

a. travel b. trip c. journey d. flight

35) Having spent the last twenty years visiting every corner of the world, I can say that travel

certainly___________ the mind

a. widens b.extends c.expands d. broadens

36) It is becoming quite common for older people to take a travelling _________with them on

holiday.

a. colleague b. partner c. companion d. associate

37) The main attraction for most tourists is the ancient __________in the southern part of the

island.

A ruins B remnants C wrecks D remains

38) She had never been to Prague before, and she in love with It straight away.

A fell B dropped C tripped D crashed

39) They couldn't wait to go for a swim in the crystal- __________water of the small bay

A pure B clean C fresh D clear

40) The ________from our hotel room over the tiny mountain village was out of this world.

A outlook B sight C view D scene

41) The sea was so ________ that day that many passengers became quite ill as the ship rolled

from side to side

A calm B rough C open D dark

42) Having worked non-stop for almost six months, he decided to take a(n)______ break and

return on Monday morning

A day B extended C flying D weekend

43) The soldiers were exhausted and couldn't move back any further, so they had no choice but

to ____________.

A surrender B conquer C invade D retreat

44) After long months of negotiations, the two sides finally signed a peace ____________.

A treaty B disarmament C truce D contract

45) The police ________the protesters and brought them to the police station.

A attacked B arrested C defeated D defended

46) The ___________ came on board and inspected all the sailors on the ship.

A soldier B pacifist C admiral D private

47) I don't think he is a very good leader because he has no control _________the soldiers in his

company.

A over B on C in D at

48) There were people protesting here earlier, but now everything's fine: it's all _______control.

A in B under C over D behind

49) I'm sorry, but there's nothing I can do about the situation - it's __________my control.

A away from B out of C far from D beyond

50) The army camp is beyond that mountain. There's _______ chance that we'll reach it before

nightfall.

A slight B small C few D little

51) It's not always easy for a soldier to carry ________orders.

A out B on C off D up

52) ____________through the mountains on horseback was an amazing experience.

A Hiking B Wandering C Trekking D Marching

53) Many people want to __________ their history back as far as they can and discover who their

ancestors were.

A find B search C trace D track

54) Very occasionally, an outstanding person comes along who changes the_______ of history.

A course B route C path D way

55) Amelia Earhart ________ history in 1928 when she became the first woman to fly across the

Atlantic

A fixed B did C prepared D made

56) The Louvre Museum in Paris is ________ in history: it used to be the palace of the French
kings

A recorded B full C steeped D loaded

57) You really should buy a DVD player! You have to move with the __________.

A times B time C timing D timer

58) The boys have gone on a fishing ______with their father.

A trip B journey C trek D hike

59) I think you need a jacket, there's a ______breeze blowing outside.

A chilly B frosty C frigid D glacial

60) He stood on the __________of the ship and watched the seagulls dive for fish.

A floor B ground C platform D deck

61) The brother and sister were _______ over who would get to inherit the beach house.

A at large B at odds C at a standstill D at a loose end

62) Guests are requested to state their ________for smoking or non-smoking accommodation

upon booking.

A likeness B preference C care D inclination

63) The city was under ___________for six months before it finally fell.

A blockade B cordon C closure D siege

64) It's impossible to travel in the________ heat of the desert.

A bubbling B smouldering C blistering D sizzling

65) I enjoy taking a ___________bath as soon as I get home from work.

A restful B gentle C soothing D mild

66) The ceiling-high bookcase swayed for a few seconds, then crashed to the floor with a

______________noise.

A vociferous B raucous C boisterous D deafening

67) Use the____________ to drain the spaghetti, but make sure that you do it quickly enough so

that it doesn't go cold.

A whisk B colander C saucepan D grater

68) After congratulating his team, the coach left, allowing the players to let their________ down

for a while.
A hair B heads C hearts D souls

69) Turn to page 24 to find out at____________ a which courses are available to you.

A look C stare B glance D glimpse

70) Mrs Robinson great pride in her cooking.

A gets B finds C has D takes

71) Sleep is _____________ to our health, and lack of it can lead to many illnesses.

A needed C essential B required D desirable

72) Every child has the right to free education in a _______school.

A public B private C state D boarding

73) This time tomorrow I will be _________ my exam.

A sitting B giving C writing D passing

74) I hope that this punishment will _______you a lesson!

A teach B learn C know D give

75) Well done Sarah ! You are top ____the class!

A in B at C of D on

76) The teacher gave out the homework assignments and then __________ the class.

A attended B missed C held D dismissed

77) Alex wanted to know how much he would have to pay for his university ___________.

A grant B loan C fees D scholarship

78) Her achievements are outstanding. She's in a __________ of her own.

A school B group C lesson D class

79) Helena was delighted when her application to Oxford University was ___________.

A passed B admitted C accepted D appointed

80) Kate took her school _______ home to her parents and they were pleased to see that she

had done well that term.

A report B statement C assessment D certificate

81) Our language school will ______ intensive courses for those who want to take the FCE exam

earlier.
A run B enroll C hold D take

82) Now that I've got my degree I will apply for a teaching ____________

A career B place C post D profession

83) The teacher went to prepare her lesson and pick up her register from the_______

A corridor B staff room C science lab D library

84) David was very disappointed when he was told that he had the course.

A failed B missed C dismissed D lost

85) I recommend that you get a private ___________ to help you with your Maths.

A trainer B tutor C lecturer D Instructor

86) The children at the local primary school are working on a ________related to the

environment.

A thesis B seminar C tutorial D project

87) She loves reading and always has her _________in a book.

A nose B eyes C look D attention

88) Technology has led to robots replacing factory workers on car _______ lines.

A building B assembly C making D compilation

89) ___________ powered vehicles are quieter, cleaner and more

economical to run than those powered by fossil fuels.

A Sun B Sunlight C Solar D Sunray

90) The development of ________ technology has revolutionised industry.

A informational B information C informative D inform

91) Keep everything on disc. That way if the computer ________you won't lose all your work.

A sticks B crashes C smashes D stumps

92) Increased traffic ________ has led some local councils to start charging drivers to enter city

centres.

A congestion B blockage C stoppage D obstruction

93) Many parts of the world are experiencing __________ weather conditions as a result of
global warming.

A acute B excessive C disproportionate D extreme

94) The area is well served by a wide range of fast food _________ranging from burger bars to

Indian takeaways.

A openings B outlets C means D channels

95) Read through the contract, and if you wish to _____________any changes, let me know.

A make B have C hold D do

96) My sisterlives so far away weonly see each other once in a ___________.

A long time B dark night C red planet D blue moon

97) It's sad to say, but very few relationships nowadays stand the ___________ of time.

A trial B judgement C test D check

98) I know it's hard to stop smoking, but you'll feel better in the long _____________.

A time B turn C go D run

99) The country has been ravaged by a _____________ war.

A friendly B national C civil D local

100) If you do not agree to refund my deposit, I will be forced to take _________ action.

A law B legal C court D police

101) Newcastle United won a ______ victory over league rivals Arsenal to win the premiership

title.

A decisive B influential C strong-minded D determined

102) I find the idea of experimenting on animals ____________.

A disagreeing B distasteful C objectionable D objective

103) If the virus continues to spread _____________ , we’ll have an epidemic on our hands.

A uncaught B unchecked C uncontrolled D unstoppable

104) The ___________ speaker at today's event will be Peter Morgan, a leading authority on Celtic

history.

A major B key C lead D central

105) I prefer sugar in my coffee, thanks. I find ________ sweeteners leave a bitter aftertaste.
A technical B take C man-made D artificial

106) The technology employed in designing this new digital camera is

A artistic B art-for-art's sake C state-of-the-art D artful

107) In___________, we'd like you to leave.

A quick B fast C brief D speed

108) You need a well- _________ diet to lead a healthy lifestyle.

A mannered B Informed C balanced D preserved

109) She asked for a second ___________ as It tasted so good.

A helping B course C dish D plate

110) It Is healthier to have a diet that Is___________in fat.

A short B light C small D low

111) Many busy housewives today buy __________ foods.

A icy B frozen C cold D freezing

112) I'm tired of washing by hand. I could ___________ with a washing machine.

A make B have C get D do

113) Helen offered to give me the__________ for her delicious pizza.

A receipt B instructions C recipe D prescription

114) I love chips, but the doctor advised me not to eat ______________food.

A baked B fried C grilled D roast

115) Eating a bar of chocolate from time __________time won't do you any harm.

A to B in C at D with

116) To keep in good __________ you should exercise regularly.

A body B shape C fît D build

117) She never drinks____________ water because it's too fizzy.

A gassy B flat C bubbly D sparkling

118) The gardener decided to retire _______________ the age of fifty.

A in B with C at D of

119) John felt a sharp ___________ in his back.

A injury B pain C wound D ache

120) It took six months for him to fully _________ from his illness.

A heal B cure C recover D mend

121) Matthew was fined £100 for driving ___________age.

A with B In C on D under

122) I enjoy eating hot, ________ food but it gives me indigestion.

A creamy B spicy C greasy D savoury

123) The meal was delicious, especially the main ___________.

A appetizer B dessert C course D starter

124) Jeffs constant coughing and _________is a sign he should give up smoking.

A wheezing B whooshing C whistling D whining

125) The operation left him with a small on his left cheek.

A line B graze C injury D scar

126) You shouldn't drive while taking this medication as it can cause _________vision.

A hazy B misty C vague D blurred

127) He had to withdraw from the race because of a __________ muscle.

A dragged B sprained C hung D pulled

128) Following her collapse from exhaustion, the doctor recommended lots of bed_______.

A sleep B rest C stay D leisure

129) The races were cancelled because the race ____________was waterlogged.

A ring B rink C tarmac D track

130) A protective _______will not only protect you if you fall but will also prevent injury from falling
rocks from above.

A cap B helmet C beret D bonnet

131) You have to have nerves of ___________ to be an air traffic controller.

A iron B metal C steel D granite