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Lec 8 - Strain Rossets

The document discusses strain rosettes, which use three strain gauges arranged at certain angles to measure strain components and determine stress states. It provides equations to calculate strain and stress values from rosette readings. Two examples are given to demonstrate calculating principal stresses, maximum shear stress, and stress direction from given 60° and 45° rosette readings.

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Atif Wazir
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15 views8 pages

Lec 8 - Strain Rossets

The document discusses strain rosettes, which use three strain gauges arranged at certain angles to measure strain components and determine stress states. It provides equations to calculate strain and stress values from rosette readings. Two examples are given to demonstrate calculating principal stresses, maximum shear stress, and stress direction from given 60° and 45° rosette readings.

Uploaded by

Atif Wazir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CV-212: MECHANICS OF SOLIDS-II

Lecture 09
STRESS AND STRAIN
TRANSFORMATION

Courtesy of:
PROF. DR. MOHAMMAD ASHRAF
STRAIN ROSETTE
• Linear strain at a certain point of a body, in certain direction, can be measured using strain gauge
installed at that point.
• However, one strain component, in most cases, is not enough to specify completely the state of
strain/stress at that point.
• In case of axially loaded member, one gauge, installed parallel to the direction of stress is sufficient. In
case of 2D state of strain with known principle direction, two orthogonal gauges are required.
• In general cases of 2D state of strains, however, 3 strain components, two linear and one shear, are
required to completely specify the strain field.
• Further, shearing strain cannot be directly measured with strain gauges.
• Therefore, a combination of strain gauges, known as Strain Rosette, is required to completely
determine the state of strain/stress.
• In case of 2D state of strains, the strain rosette consist of three linear strain gauges arranged at certain
predetermined orientation.
• 45O-Rosette and 60O-Rosette are most common types of strain Rosette.
STRAIN ROSETTE
If 𝜀𝑎 , 𝜀𝑏 and 𝜀𝑐 are the linear strain components measured by three strain gauges arranged at angles
𝜃𝑎 , 𝜃𝑏 and 𝜃𝑐 , with x-axis then:
𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 𝜀𝑥 − 𝜀𝑦 𝛾𝑥𝑦
𝜀𝑎 = + cos 2𝜃𝑎 − sin 2𝜃𝑎
2 2 2
𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 𝜀𝑥 − 𝜀𝑦 𝛾𝑥𝑦
𝜀𝑏 = + cos 2𝜃𝑏 − sin 2𝜃𝑏
2 2 2
𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 𝜀𝑥 − 𝜀𝑦 𝛾𝑥𝑦
𝜀𝑐 = + cos 2𝜃𝑐 − sin 2𝜃𝑐
2 2 2
45O-Rosette: 𝜃𝑎 = 0𝑜 , 𝜃𝑏 = 45𝑜 and 𝜃𝑐 = 90𝑜
𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 𝜀𝑥 − 𝜀𝑦 𝛾𝑥𝑦
𝜀𝑎 = + 1 − 0 = 𝜀𝑥 ⇒ 𝜀𝑥 = 𝜀𝑎 −− −(𝑎)
2 2 2
𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 𝜀𝑥 − 𝜀𝑦 𝛾𝑥𝑦
𝜀𝑐 = + −1 − 0 = 𝜀𝑦 ⇒ 𝜀𝑦 = 𝜀𝑐 −− −(𝑏)
2 2 2
𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 𝜀𝑥 − 𝜀𝑦 𝛾𝑥𝑦 𝛾𝑥𝑦 𝜀𝑎 + 𝜀𝑐
𝜀𝑏 = + 0 − 1 ⇒ = − 𝜀𝑏 −− −(𝑐)
2 2 2 2 2
STRAIN ROSETTE
60O-Rosette: 𝜃𝑎 = 0𝑜 , 𝜃𝑏 = 60𝑜 and 𝜃𝑐 = 120𝑜
𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 𝜀𝑥 − 𝜀𝑦 𝛾𝑥𝑦
𝜀𝑎 = + 1 − 0 = 𝜀𝑥 ⇒ 𝜀𝑥 = 𝜀𝑎 −− −(1)
2 2 2
𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 𝜀𝑥 − 𝜀𝑦 1 𝛾𝑥𝑦 3
𝜀𝑏 = + − − −− −(2)
2 2 2 2 2

𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 𝜀𝑥 − 𝜀𝑦 1 𝛾𝑥𝑦 3
𝜀𝑐 = + − − − −− −(3)
2 2 2 2 2
Adding equations (2) and (3)
𝜀𝑥 − 𝜀𝑦 𝜀𝑥 + 3𝜀𝑦 1
𝜀𝑏 + 𝜀𝑐 = 𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 − = ⇒ 𝜀𝑦 = 2𝜀𝑏 + 2𝜀𝑐 − 𝜀𝑎 −− −(4)
2 2 3
Subtracting equation (2) from (3):
𝛾𝑥𝑦 𝛾𝑥𝑦 1
𝜀𝑐 − 𝜀𝑏 = 3 ⇒ = 𝜀𝑐 − 𝜀𝑏 −− −(5)
2 2 3
STRAIN ROSETTE
Prob. 987: A 60o strain rosette attached to the aluminum skin of an airplane fuselage measures the following strains
in micro inches per inch; 𝜀𝑎 = 100, 𝜀𝑏 = −200 and 𝜀𝑐 = 400. If E = 10 10 6 𝑝𝑠𝑖 and ϑ = 1/3, compute the principle
stresses and the maximum shearing stresses.
Solution: For 60o strain rosette:
𝜀𝑥 = 𝜀𝑎 = 100
1 1
𝜀𝑦 = 2𝜀𝑏 + 2𝜀𝑐 − 𝜀𝑎 = 2 −200 + 2 400 − 100 = 100
3 3
𝛾𝑥𝑦 1 1
= 𝜀𝑐 − 𝜀𝑏 = 400 − −200 = 346.41
2 3 3
Now converting these strains into corresponding stresses:
𝐸 10 10 6 −6
𝜎𝑥 = 𝜀 + 𝜗 𝜀𝑦 = 100 + 0.333 100 10 = 1500 𝑝𝑠𝑖
1 − 𝜗2 𝑥 1 − 0.3332
𝐸 10 10 6 −6
𝜎𝑦 = 𝜀 + 𝜗 𝜀𝑥 = 100 + 0.333 100 10 = 1500 𝑝𝑠𝑖
1 − 𝜗2 𝑦 1 − 0.3332
𝐸 𝛾𝑥′𝑦′ 10 10 6 −6
𝜏𝑥′𝑦′ = = 346.41 10 = 2598 𝑝𝑠𝑖
1+𝜗 2 1 + 0.333
STRAIN ROSETTE
Prob. 987:
Now for Mohr’s circle of stresses:
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 1500 + 1500
𝑐= = = 1500
2 2

𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2
2
R= + 𝜏𝑥𝑦
2

2
1500 − 1500 2
= + 2598 = 2598
2

From Mohr’s circle:


𝜎1 = 𝐶 + 𝑅 = 1500 + 2598 = 4098 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝜎2 = 𝐶 − 𝑅 = 1500 − 2598 = −1098 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = +𝑅 = +2598 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝜎𝑆 = 𝐶 = 1500
STRAIN ROSETTE
Prob. 989: The three readings on a 45o strain rosette are; 𝜀𝑎 = 400 10 −6 , 𝜀𝑏 = −200 10 −6 and 𝜀𝑐 =
− 100 10 −6 . If E = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎 and ϑ = 0.30, determine the principle stresses and their direction.
Solution: For 45o strain rosette:
𝜀𝑥 = 𝜀𝑎 = 400 10 −6
−6
𝜀𝑦 = 𝜀𝑐 = −100 10
𝛾𝑥𝑦 𝜀𝑎 + 𝜀𝑐 400 − 100 −6
= − 𝜀𝑏 = − −200 = 350 10
2 2 2
Now converting these strains into corresponding stresses:
𝐸 200,000 −6
𝜎𝑥 = 𝜀 + 𝜗 𝜀𝑦 = 400 + 0.30 −100 10 = 81.32 𝑀𝑃𝑎
1 − 𝜗2 𝑥 1 − 0.302
𝐸 200,000 −6
𝜎𝑦 = 𝜀 + 𝜗 𝜀𝑥 = −100 + 0.30 400 10 = 4.40 𝑀𝑃𝑎
1 − 𝜗2 𝑦 1 − 0.302
𝐸 𝛾𝑥′𝑦′ 200,000
𝜏𝑥′𝑦′ = = 350 10 −6 = 53.85 𝑀𝑃𝑎
1+𝜗 2 1 + 0.30
STRAIN ROSETTE
Prob. 987:
Now for Mohr’s circle of stresses:
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 81.32 + 4.40
𝑐= = = 42.86
2 2

𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 2
2
R= + 𝜏𝑥𝑦
2

2
81.32 − 4.40 2
= + 53.85 = 66.17
2

From Mohr’s circle:


53.85
sin 2𝜃𝑁 = ⇒ 2𝜃𝑁 = 54.5 = 𝜃𝑁 = 27.23
66.17
𝜎1 = 𝐶 + 𝑅 = 42.86 + 66.17 = 109.03 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝜎2 = 𝐶 − 𝑅 = 42.86 − 66.17 = −23.31 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = +𝑅 = +66.17 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝜎𝑆 = 𝐶 = 42.86

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