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APA - Referencing Guide

APA Style
APA Referencing Style Updated to 7th Edition!

Please note: This guide has been modified to reflect updates to the APA referencing style published in
the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2020). Only
continuing students who have already commenced theses or other major works should continue to use
APA 6th edition.

There are both significant and minor changes in the new edition.

Significant changes:

 Multiple authors - in text citations for three or more authors should include the name of the first
author only, followed by et al. Reference list entries for works by up to and including 20 authors should
include all authors names. For works by more than 20 authors, include the names of the first 19
authors followed by an ellipsis (...) and then the final author's name.
 Place of publication is no longer included in references.
 Include the issue number in parentheses immediately after the volume number, for all journals that
have an issue number.
 DOIs are now given in the following format: https://doi.org/xxxxx
 It is not necessary to include the words "Retrieved from" before a URL.
 Database names and URLs for items in academic research databases should not be included in
references, except for databases such as Cochrane, ERIC and Factiva that include works of limited
circulation - for these items include the name of the database and the URL for the specific work.
 For electronic works that do not have a DOI or a directly linking URL, the reference should be the same
as the reference for a printed version of the work.

About APA Style

There are two parts to referencing: the citations within the text of your paper and the reference list at
the end of your paper.

The APA referencing style is an "author-date" style, so the citation in the text consists of the author(s)
and the year of publication given wholly or partly in round brackets.

Use only the surname of the author(s) followed by a comma and the year of publication. Include page,
chapter or section numbers if you need to be specific, for example if you are quoting, paraphrasing or
summarising:
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No distinction is made between books, journal articles, internet documents or other formats
except for electronic documents that do not provide page numbers. In this case use the paragraph
number, if available, with the abbreviation para.

The full details of the source are given in a reference list at the end of the document:

Reference list entries contain all the information that is required to follow up your source. Reference
lists in APA are arranged alphabetically by author.

See Reference List Entries or All Examples for details on how to construct references for specific
resources such as books, journals and web pages.

Important Information

Created February 2010; modified January 2020

Please remember to check with your unit co-ordinator or tutor before submitting your
assignments, as their style preference may vary from the guidelines presented here.

When using EndNote referencing software, please download and use the following output style - APA
7th. For information about EndNote, please see the EndNote Guide.

Acknowledgement

This referencing guide follows the principles and examples given in the 7th edition of the Publication
Manual of the American Psychological Association (2020).
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https://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/APA/entries

Reference List Entries

For ease of use, this guide divides reference list entries into different formats.
Select the format you require from the Reference List Entries menu or select from the links below:

 Assignments
 AV Materials
 Book Chapters
 Books
 Conference Papers
 Datasets
 E-books
 E-journals
 Electronic Documents
 Images
 Internet Documents
 Journal Articles
 Legal Materials
 Newspaper Articles
 Podcasts
 Readers/Study Guides
 Social Media
 Theses

Complete List of Examples

To see more information about the formats below, either click on the format headings in this list of
examples or hover your cursor over the Reference List Entries menu and select the format you want.

Assignments

Material
In Text Citation Reference List Entry
Type
Assignment (Reid, 2016) Reid, S. F. (2016). The importance of scientific method
from Another [Unpublished manuscript], BSC100: Building Blocks for
Unit Science Students, Murdoch University.

A-V Materials

Material In Text
Reference List Entry
Type Citation
DVD (Moore, 2003) Moore, M. (Writer/Director). (2003). Bowling for Columbine
[DVD]. AV Channel.
Radio (Browning, Browning, D. (Presenter). (2006, June 9). Black soccer heroes.
 4

Programme 2006) Message Stick [Radio programme]. Guest speaker Dr. John
Maynard. ABC Radio.
Sound (St. Laurence St. Laurance Chamber Choir (Performers), & McEwan, N.
Recording Chamber Choir (Director). (2005). Commemoration, ritual and performance:
& McEwan, the Iberian connection : medieval and renaissance music from
2005) the St Laurence Chamber Choir [Album]. Centre for Medieval
Studies, University of Sydney.
Television (Masters, 2006) Masters, C. (Presenter). (2006, March 27). Big fish, little fish. Four
Series Episode Corners [Television series episode]. ABC Television.
Video (Russell & Russell, G. (Writer, Producer and Narrator), & Wiseman, P.
Recording Wiseman, 1995) (Producer). (1995). Tackling bullies: An Australian perspective
[Video recording]. Video Classroom.
YouTube/Vim (NRK, 2007) NRK. (2007, February 26). Medieval helpdesk with English subtitles.
eo Video [Video]. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQHX-SjgQvQ

Book Chapters

Material In Text
Reference List Entry
Type Citation
Chapter or (Payne, 1999) Payne, S. (1999). 'Dangerous and different': Reconstructions of
Article in madness in the 1990s and the role of mental health policy. In S.
Edited Book Watson & L. Doyal (Eds.), Engendering social policy (pp. 180-
195). Open University Press.
Article in an (Ford-Martin, Ford-Martin, P. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral therapy. In E. Thackery
Encyclopaedia 2003) & M. Harris (Eds.), Gale encyclopedia of mental disorders
(Vol.1, pp. 226-228). Gale.

Books
Material In Text
Reference List Entry
Type Citation
Book: (Wells, 2009, Wells, A. (2009). Metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in
Including Page pp. 225-226) psychology. Guilford Press.
Numbers
Book: Single (Matthews, Matthews, J. (1999). The art of childhood and adolescence: The
Author 1999) construction of meaning. Falmer Press.
Book: Two (Colcough & Colclough, B., & Colclough, J. (1999). A challenge to change.
Authors Colcough, Thorsons.
1999)
Book: 3-20 (Rosenthal et Rosenthal, R., Rosnow, R. L., & Rubin, D. B. (2000). Contrasts and
Authors al., 2000) effect sizes in behavioral research: A correlational approach.
Cambridge University Press.
Book: More (Author et al., Include the first nineteen authors' names, then insert three ellipses and
 5

than 20 Year) follow with the final author's name.

Authors
Book: (Kubler-Ross, Kubler-Ross, E. (1993a). AIDS: The ultimate challenge. Collier
Different 1993a) Books.
Works by
Same Author (Kubler-Ross, Kubler-Ross, E. (1993b). Questions and answers on death and dying.
in Same Year 1993b) Collier Books.
Book: (American American Educational Research Association. (1985). Standards for
Organisation Educational educational and psychological testing. American Psychological
as Author Research Association.
Association,
1985)
Book: (Australia. Australia. Department of Health and Aged Care. (1999). Mental
Government Department of health: A report focusing on depression, 1998. AGPS.
Agency as Health and
Author Aged Care,
1998)
Book: No (The Blackwell The Blackwell dictionary of cognitive psychology. (1991). Blackwell.
Author Dictionary of
Cognitive
Psychology,
1991)
Book: Editor (Snyder, 1999) Snyder, C. R. (Ed.). (1999). Coping: The psychology of what works.
Oxford University Press.
Book: 2 or (Binstock & Binstock, R. H., & George, L. K. (Eds.). (1990). Handbook of aging
More Editors George, and the social sciences (3rd ed.). Academic Press.
1990)
Book: (Howitt & Howitt, D., & Cramer, D. (2008). Introduction to research methods in
Different Cramer, psychology (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall.
Editions 2008)

Conference Papers

Material In Text
Reference List Entry
Type Citation
Paper (Balakrishnan, Balakrishnan, R. (2006, March 25-26). Why aren't we using 3d user
Presentation 2006) interfaces, and will we ever? [Paper presentation]. IEEE
from the Symposium on 3D User Interfaces, Alexandria, VA.
Internet https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2006.148.
Unpublished (Brown & Brown, S., & Caste, V. (2004, May). Integrated obstacle detection
Paper Caste, 1990) framework [Paper presentation]. IEEE Intelligent Vehicles
Presentation Symposium, Detroit, MI..
Paper (Rowling, Rowling, L. (1993, September). Schools and grief: How does
Presentation in 1993) Australia compare to the United States [Paper presentation]. In
 6

Print Wandarna coowar: Hidden grief. 8th National Conference of the

Proceedings National Association for Loss and Grief (Australia), Yeppoon,
Queensland (pp. 196-201). National Association for Loss and
Grief..

Datasets

Material In Text
Reference List Entry
Type Citation
Dataset (Ryff et al., Ryff, C., Almeida, D., Ayanian, J., Binkley, N., Carr, D. S., Coe, C.,
2019) Davidson, R., Grzywacz, J., Karlamangla, A., Krueger, R.,
Lachman, M., Love, G., Mailick, M., Mroczek, D., Radler, B.,
Seeman, T., Sloan, R., Thomas, D., Weinstein, M., Williams, D.
(2019). Midlife in the United States (MIDUS 3), 2013-2014
(ICPSR 36346) [Dataset].
https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36346.v7
Dataset (University of University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research. (2019).
Repository Michigan, Consortium for political and social research (ICPSR).
Institute for https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/
Social
Research,
2019)
Dataset (Theure & Theure, A., & Gentaz, E. (2018). Data from: The regulation of
Deposit Gentaz, 2018) emotions in adolescents: age differences and emotion-specific
Record patterns [Dataset]. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n230404.
Referenced in https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195501
Dataset (Lemaignan et Lemaignan, S., Edmunds, C.E.R., Senft, E., & Belpaeme, T. (2018).
Description al., 2018) The PInSoRo dataset: Supporting the data-driven study of child-
Article child and child-robot social dynamics. PLoS ONE, 13(10), Article
e0205999+. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205999

E-books
Material In Text
Reference List Entry
Type Citation
E-book (Eckes, 2000) Eckes, T. (2000). The developmental social psychology of gender.
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
https://prospero.murdoch.edu.au:443/record=b1600608
Chapter from (Jones & Jones, N. A., & Gagnon, C. M. (2007). The neurophysiology of
an E-book Gagnon, 2007) empathy. In T. F. D. Farrow & P. W. R. Woodruff (Eds.),
Empathy in mental illness. Cambridge University Press.
https://prospero.murdoch.edu.au:443/record=b2130403
Article from (Lai, 1999) Lai, M. C. C. (1999). Hepatitis delta virus. In A. Granoff & R.
an Electronic Webster (Eds.), Encyclopedia of virology (2nd ed.). Academic
 7

Encyclopaedia Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012374410-4.00417-9

Article from ("Alka- Alka-Seltzer. (2019). In MIMS online. MIMS Australia.
an Electronic Seltzer", 2019) http://www.mimsonline.com.au
Reference
Work: No
author

E-journals

Material In Text
Reference List Entry
Type Citation
Journal Article (Vogels et al., Vogels, A. G. C., Crone, M. R., Hoekstra, F., & Reijneveld, S. A.
with a DOI 2009) (2009). Comparing three short questionnaires to detect
psychosocial dysfunction among primary school children: a
randomized method. BMC Public Health, 9, 489.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-489
Journal Article (Wiskunde et Wiskunde, B., Arslan, M., Fischer, P., Nowak, L., Van den Berg, O.,
with a DOI: al., 2019, p. Coetzee, L., Juárez, U., Riyaziyyat, E., Wang, C., Zhang, I., Li, P.,
More Than 20 1936) Yang, R., Kumar, B., Xu, A., Martinez, R., McIntosh, V., Ibáñez,
Authors and L. M., Mäkinen, G., Virtanen, E., . . . Kovács, A. (2019). Indie pop
Including Page rocks mathematics: Twenty One Pilots, Nicolas Bourbaki, and the
Number empty set. Journal of Improbable Mathematics, 27(1), 1935–1968.
https://doi.org/10.0000/3mp7y-537
Journal Article (Ahmann, Ahmann, E., Tuttle, L. J., Saviet, M., & Wright, S. D. (2018). A
with a URL 2018) descriptive review of ADHD coaching research: Implications for
college students. Journal of Postsecondary Education and
Disability, 31(1): 24-58. https://www.ahead.org/professional-
resources/publications/jped/archived-jped/jped-volume-31
Journal Article (March & March, E., & Springer, J. (2019). Belief in conspiracy theories: The
with an Article Springer, predictive role of schizotypy, Machiavellianism, and primary
Number 2019) psychopathy. PLoS One, 14(12): Article e0225964.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225964
Journal Article (Munro, Munro, C. (1999). Facing grief. Synergy, 3(3).
from a URL 1999, para. http://about.murdoch.edu.au/synergy/0303/grief.html
and Including 12)
Paragraph
Number

Images

Material In Text
Reference List Entry
Type Citation
Image, (Leibovitz, Leibovitz, A. (1996). Olympic portraits. Little Brown.
Photograph or 1996, p. 72)
 8

Artwork from
a Book
Reproduction (Bedford, Bedford, P. (2001). Dingo dreaming [ochre on canvas]. Reproduced in
in a Book 2001, p. 154) McCulloch, S., & McCulloch Childs, E. (2008). McCulloch's
contemporary Aboriginal art: The complete guide (p.154).
McCulloch & McCulloch Australian Art Books.
Image from a (Ardagna et Ardagna, C. A., Damiani, E., Frati, F., & Madravio, M. (2007). Open-
Book Chapter al., 2008, source solution to secure e-government services. In A-V.
Figure 1) Anttiroiko & M. Malkia (Eds.), Encyclopedia of digital
government (pp. 1300-1305). Idea Group Reference.
http://www.igi-global.com/
Image from a (Yeh & Xu, Yeh, Q-J., & Xu, X. (2010). The effect of Confucian work ethics on
Journal Article 2010, Table learning about science and technology knowledge and morality.
1) Journal of Business Ethics, 95, 111-128.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0352-1
Image from a (Leunig, Leunig, M. (1995, July 27). Thoughts of a baby lying in a child care
Newspaper 1995, p. 24) centre. The Sydney Morning Herald, p. 24.
Image from a (Kessel, Kessel, M. (Director). (1995). The making of a monologue: Robert
Database 1995, 10:10) Wilson's Hamlet [video,1:02:18 mins]. Cinema Guild.
Online (Nolan, 1946) Nolan, S. (1946). The encounter [enamel paint on composition board].
Image/Artwor National Gallery of Australia.
k http://cs.nga.gov.au/Detail.cfm?IRN=28938
Online Map (Google Google Maps. (2015, February 5). The British Library, London, UK.
Maps, 2015) Google.
https://www.google.com.au/maps/place/The+British+Library/@51
.529972,-0.127676,17z
/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x48761b3b70171395:0x18905479d
e0fdb25
Original (Angus, Angus, J. (2006). Gorilla, gorilla, gorilla [wood veneers, nylon]. Art
Image/Artwor 2006) Gallery of Western Australia.
k (Viewed in a
Gallery or
Collection)

Internet Documents

Material In Text
Reference List Entry
Type Citation
Electronic (Murray, Murray, G. (2005). A duty of care to children and young people in
Document 2005) Western Australia: Report on the quality assurance and review of
unsubstantiated allegations of abuse in care: 1 April 2004 to 12
September 2005. Western Australia, Department of Child
Protection.
http://www.community.wa.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/851183A4-A822-
 9

4592-AB66-
C410E453AEEC/0/DCDRPTGwennMurrayreportwithcover2006.
pdf
Government (Australia. Australia. Department of Health and Aged Care. (2000). National
Publication Department youth suicide prevention strategy.
of Health and http://www.health.gov.au/hsdd/mentalhe/sp/nysps/about.htm
Aged Care,
2000)
Whole Internet (Goldberg, Goldberg, I. (2000). Dr. Ivan's depression central.
Site 2000) http://www.psycom.net/depression.central.html

Journal Articles

Material In Text
Reference List Entry
Type Citation
Journal Article (Kyratsis, Kyratsis, A. (2004). Talk and interaction among children and the co-
in Print 2004) construction of peer groups and peer culture. Annual Review of
Anthropology, 33(4), 231-247.
Journal Article (Parker & Parker, G., & Roy, K. (2001). Adolescent depression: A review.
in Print Roy, 2001, p. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35, 572-580.
Including Page 574)
Number
Journal Article (Zhang et al., Zhang, B., Cohen, J., Ferrence, R., & Rehm, J. (2006). The impact of
in Print with 3- 2006) tobacco tax cuts on smoking initiation among Canadian young
20 Authors adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 30(6), 474-479.

Newspaper Articles

Material In Text
Reference List Entry
Type Citation
Newspaper (Kissane, Kissane, K. (1998, September 5). Kiss or kill: Who is the victim when a
Article in Print 1998) battered woman kills? The Age: Extra, p. 6.
Newspaper (Devlin, Devlin, H. (2010, January 28). Neuron breakthrough offers hope on
Article with 2010) Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. The Times.
URL http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/medicine/article700
5401.ece
Newspaper (Delalande, Delalande, J. (2019, October 26). Our teens struggle the most. The West
Article from 2019) Australian, p. 32. Factiva. https://global-factiva-
Factiva com.libproxy.murdoch.edu.au/ha/default.aspx#./!?&_suid=1576141
953014019681669927131606.

Podcasts
 10

Material In Text
Reference List Entry
Type Citation
Podcast (Robertson, Robertson, R. (Speaker). (2010). Leadership at the bottom of the
2010) earth…where no one hears you scream, 2010 Sir Walter Murdoch
lecture [Audio podcast]. Murdoch University.
https://lectures.murdoch.edu.au/lectopia/lectopia.lasso?ut=1369&id
=71101
Podcast (Hill, 2012) Hill, D. (Speaker). (2012, April 4). Australian media representation of
Lecture from Asia [Audio podcast]. In Australia in Asia (FDN 110). Murdoch
LMS University.
https://lectures.murdoch.edu.au/lectopia/casterframe.lasso?fid=3757
05&cnt=true&usr=S940025F&name=not-indicated
Podcast Radio (Gary, 2007) Gary, S. (Host). (2007, December 23). Black hole death ray. StarStuff
Programme [Audio podcast]. ABC News Radio.
http://abc.net.au/newsradio/podcast/STARSTUFF.xml
Podcast (Brown et al., Brown, W. (Host)., Brodie, K. (Host)., & George, P. (Producer). (2007,
Television 2007) June 4). From Lake Baikal to the halfway mark, Yekaterinburg.
Programme Peking to Paris: Episode 3 [Video podcast]. ABC Television.
http://www.abc.net.au/tv/pekingtoparis/podcast/pekingtoparis.xml

Readers/Study Guides

Material In Text
Reference List Entry
Type Citation
Study Guide (Gilbert, Gilbert, E. (2001, December 15). It's a guy thing. Good Weekend.
and Reader 2001) Reprinted in Bodies, sex and power (WOM104) study guide and unit
reader 2004 (pp. 59-64). Murdoch University.
Reader (Vickery & Vicary, D., & Bishop, B. (2005). Western psychotherapeutic practice:
Bishop, 2005) Engaging Aboriginal people in culturally appropriate and respectful
ways. Australian Psychologist, 40, 19. Reprinted in Introduction to
psychology and culture (PSY246): Unit reader 2009. Murdoch
University.

Secondary Sources

Material In Text
Reference List Entry
Type Citation
Secondary Seidenberg Reid, A. S. (2007). Study of multiple paranormal phenomena. Journal
Source and of Abnormal Psychology, 45, 13-26.
McClelland
(as cited in
Reid, 2007)
 11

Social Media

Material In Text
Reference List Entry
Type Citation
Blog Post (Flower, Flower, R. (2015, June 1). How a simple formula for resolving problems
2015) and conflict can change your reality. Pick The Brain.
http://www.pickthebrain.com/blog/how-a-simple-formula-for-
resolving-problems-and-conflict-can-change-your-reality/
Blog (Stephen, Stephen. (2017, February 21). Re: Why you should let your passion die
Comment 2017) [Comment]. PsychCentral.
https://psychcentral.com/blog/discuss/102347/

Facebook Post (Murdoch Murdoch University Library. (2017, February 22). In a dedication
University ceremony on Tuesday, Murdoch University celebrated the naming
Library, of the Library after eminent historian and Murdoch icon, the late
2017) Emeritus Professor Geoffrey Bolton [Status update]. Facebook.
https://www.facebook.com/murdochlibrary/?fref=ts
Facebook (Beach, 2017) Beach, J. (2017, February 22). Re: In a dedication ceremony on
Comment Tuesday, Murdoch University celebrated the naming of the
Library after eminent historian and Murdoch icon, the late
Emeritus Professor Geoffrey Bolton [Comment]. Facebook.
https://www.facebook.com/murdochlibrary/?fref=ts
Tweet (Kruszelnicki, Kruszelnicki, K. [@DoctorKarl]. (2017, February 19). Fact-checker
2017) scientist @bengoldacre, evidence-based medicine, dead cat
#Shirtloadsofscience: http://apple.co/2kXmeCd:
http://bit.ly/2faxmw5 [Tweet]. https://twitter.com/DoctorKarl?
ref_src=twsrc^google| twcamp^serp|twgr^author
YouTube/Vim (Setrakian, Setrakian, L. (2017, January). Lara Setrakian: 3 ways to fix a broken
eo/Ted Talk 2017) news industry. [Video].
video https://www.ted.com/talks/lara_setrakian_3_ways_to_fix_a_
broken_news_industry#t-521404
YouTube (Kirk, 2017) Kirk, J. (2017, February). Re: Medieval helpdesk with English subtitles.
Comment [Comment]. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQHX-
SjgQvQ
Instagram Post (Murdoch Murdoch University Library. (2017, February 21). An exhibition entitled
University ‘Geoffrey Bolton: The Legacy of an Eminent Historian and Iconic
Library, Murdoch Figure’, featuring artworks, pictures, awards and
2017) memorabilia relating to his life, will be showcased in the
University Library foyer until March 17 {Photographs].
https://www.instagram.com/murdochlibrary/
Instagram (Coltferrari, Coltferrari. (2017, February 21). Re: An exhibition entitled ‘Geoffrey
Comment 2017) Bolton: The Legacy of an Eminent Historian and Iconic Murdoch
Figure’, featuring artworks, pictures, awards and memorabilia
relating to his life, will be showcased in the University Library
foyer until March 17 {Comment]. Instagram.
 12

https://www.instagram.com/murdochlibrary/
App (StudentVIP, StudentVIP. (2017). Lost on Campus (Version 4.1.3) [Mobile app].
2017) Apple App Store. https://www.apple.com/au/ios/app-store/

Game (Persson & Persson, M., & Bergensten, J. (2011). Minecraft [Game]. Mojang
Bergensten, Synergies AB. https://minecraft.net/en-us/
2011)

Theses

Material In Text
Reference List Entry
Type Citation
Unpublished (Milnes, Milnes, G. M. (1998). Adolescent depression: The use of generative
Thesis 1998) instruction to increase rational beliefs and decrease irrational
beliefs and depressed mood [Unpublished M.Appl.Psy. thesis].
Murdoch University.
Published (May, 2007) May, B. (2007) A survey of radial velocities in the zodiacal dust cloud.
Thesis Canopus Publishing.
Thesis from a (Roemmele, Roemmele, M. (2018). Neural networks for narrative continuation
Database 2018) (Publication No. 22621448) [Doctoral dissertation, University of
Southern California]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Thesis from a (Ryan, 2014) Ryan, J. (2014). The measurement and meaning of coping in
Repository psychiatric patients [PhD thesis, Murdoch University]. Murdoch
University Research Repository.
https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/24254/
https://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/APA/home

MOST COMMON SOURCES

Single author

Matthews, J. (1999). The art of childhood and adolescence: The construction of meaning. Falmer Press.

Two authors

Colclough, B., & Colclough, J. (1999). A challenge to change. Thorsons.

No author

The Blackwell dictionary of cognitive psychology. (1991). Blackwell.

No date of publication
 13

Mandl, H., et al. (Eds.). (n.d.). Learning and instruction: European research in an international context.
(Vol. 2). Pergamon.

Two or more books by the same author published in the same year

Kubler-Ross, E. (1993a). AIDS: The ultimate challenge. Collier Books.

Kubler-Ross, E. (1993b). Questions and answers on death and dying. Collier Books.

Edited work
Snyder, C. R. (Ed.). (1999). Coping: The psychology of what works. Oxford University Press.

Multivolume work

Russell, B. (1967). The autobiography of Bertrand Russell (Vols. 1-3). Allen & Unwin.

Translation

Bonino S., Cattelino E., & Ciairano, S. (2005). Adolescents and risk: Behavior, functions, and protective
factors. (L. McDonald, Trans.). Springer. (Original work published 2003)

Organisation

American Educational Research Association. (1985). Standards for educational and psychological testing.
American Psychological Association.

Article from an electronic encyclopaedia

Lai, M. C. C. (1999). Hepatitis delta virus. In A. Granoff & R. Webster (Eds.), Encyclopedia of virology
(2nd ed.). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012374410-4.00417-9

Article from an electronic dictionary: No author

Suffragettes. (2016). In J. Palmowski (Ed.), A dictionary of contemporary world history (4th ed.). Oxford
University Press. https://prospero.murdoch.edu.au:443/record=b2902355
 14

APA Citation Style, 7th edition: Electronic Image

https://guides.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/c.php?g=27779&p=170351

General Format

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Artist Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation):

(Artist Surname, Year)

References:

Artist Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Title of the artwork [Format]. Title of the Website.
URL (address of web site)

References (No Author):

Title of work [Type of work]. (Year image was created). Title of the Website. URL (address of web site)

References (No Author, No Title, No Date):

[Subject and type of work]. Title of the Website. URL (address of web site)

Many images found on the Web fall under this category. Try to locate the missing information by
clicking on the image, and/or looking at the bottom of the image.

Example

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Baumel, 2010)

In-Text Citation (Quotation):

(Baumel, 2010)

References (Basic):

Baumel, A. (2010). Cholera treatment center in Haiti [Online image]. Doctors Without Borders.
https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org

References (No Author):

 15

Flu epidemic [Online image]. (1919). History. http://www.history.net/photo/flu-epidemic-art/collections

References (No Author, No Title, No Date):

[Untitled illustration of a sleeping dog]. Sleeping Animals. http://www.sleepinganimals/pix.com

 16

How to Cite Figures in APA

Co-authored by wikiHow Staff | References

Updated: March 29, 2019

Figures like a chart, graph, or image are great sources when you want to support your ideas in an essay
or paper. You may need to cite figures in APA for an essay or paper for a class. Whether you are citing
a figure from a book, an article, or a website, you can create a citation and format it properly in APA in
just a few simple steps.

Creating the Citation/ caption

1
Begin with “Figure” and then the number of the figure in italics. The figure does not need a specific
title. Instead, start with the word “Figure” and then the number of the figure based on where it is
placed in the paper, going in chronological order.[1]
o For example, if the figure is the first figure to appear in the paper, you would start the citation
with, “Figure 1.” If the figure is the fourth figure to appear in the paper, the citation would start
with, “Figure 4.”

2
Include a descriptive phrase about the figure. Give the reader a brief explanation that outlines what
the figure is about or refers to. The phrase should summarize the information in the figure in a concise,
clear way.[2]
o For example, if you are citing a graph with statistics, you may write, “Graph of statistics on
household income in Canada in 2010.” Or if you are citing an image, you may write, “Black and
white photograph of Martha Graham in the Vienna Performance Hall.”

3
Note the source or reference where you found the figure. Write, “Reprinted from” or “Adapted from,”
followed by the title of the book, article, or website where you found the figure. Include the page
number where you found the figure as well if you are citing a figure from a book.[3]
o For example, you may write in a citation for a book, “Reprinted from The Life of Martha
Graham (p 84).”
o For a citation for an article, you may write, “Adapted from ‘Statistics Canada Reveals Shift in
Census.’”
o If you are citing a figure from a website, you may write, “Reprinted from The Huffington Post.”

4
 17

Include the author’s first and second initial as well as their surname. Use the author’s first and second
initial, if available, rather than the author’s full first name. Note their last name as well. If there are
multiple authors, include them all, separating them with “and.”[4]
o For example, you may write, “...by K.L. Lee” or “...by B. Lork and M. Casper.”

5
List the source. If the reference is a book, note the year the book was printed as well as the city and
state of the publisher. Include the name of the publisher as well. For example, you may write, “2008,
New York, NY: Homer Press” or “2010, New Haven, CT: Beehive Press.”[5]

6
Note the copyright information for the figure. Finish the citation by noting the copyright year and the
name of the copyright holder for the figure. You should be able to find this information in the citation
for the figure in the original source.[6]
o For example, you may write, “Copyright 217 by the Statistics Canada Bureau” or “Copyright
2012 by the Children Choice Organization.”
o If you cannot find copyright information for the figure, you can leave this information out.

7
Review the completed citation. Once you have created the citation for the figure, look over it to
ensure it contains all the necessary information.
o A complete citation for a figure from a book would be: “Figure 1. Black and white photograph
of Martha Graham in the Vienna Performance Hall. Reprinted from The Life of Martha Graham
(p 84), by K.L. Lee, 2008, New York, NY: Homer Press. Copyright 2008 by the Modern Dance
School.”
o A complete citation for a figure from an article would be: “Figure 4. Graph of statistics on
household income in Canada in 2010. Adapted from ‘Statistics Canada Reveals Shift in Census,’
by B.Lork and M.Casper, 2017, Statistics Canada, 56, p. 103. Copyright 2017 by the Statistics
Canada Bureau.”

Place the citation underneath the figure and double space it. The citation should

======================================================================================
 18

Example
https://vtv.vn/giao-duc/chinh-thuc-cong-bo-pho-diem-cac-mon-thi-thpt-quoc-gia-2019-va-mot-so-to-
hop-xet-tuyen-20190714074206718.htm

======================================================================================

Figure 1. Students’ test scores in the English test, Graduation examination in 2019.
Adapted from ‘Công bố phổ điểm các môn thi THPT Quốc gia 2019 và một số tổ hợp xét
tuyển’, by VTV.vn, 2019. https://vtv.vn/giao-duc/chinh-thuc-cong-bo-pho-diem-cac-
mon-thi-thpt-quoc-gia-2019-va-mot-so-to-hop-xet-tuyen-20190714074206718.htm
 19

References

VTV.vn (2019). Công bố phổ điểm các môn thi THPT Quốc gia 2019 và một số tổ hợp xét
tuyển [image]. https://vtv.vn/giao-duc/chinh-thuc-cong-bo-pho-diem-cac-
mon-thi-thpt-quoc-gia-2019-va-mot-so-to-hop-xet-tuyen-
20190714074206718.htm