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Introduction to Engineering Computing
Week 7: Libraries and Modules I

Dr. Imdad Ullah

Faculty of Engineering
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COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA

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Do not remove this notice.

 INTRODUCTION
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What will you learn in this course?

Week 1: Introduction to Python

Week 2: Storing Data and Making Decisions Programming

Week 3: Repeating Actions I Basics

Week 4: Repeating Actions II

Week 5: Functions I
Week 6: Functions II Functions
Week 7: Libraries and Modules I
and Packages

Week 8: Libraries and Modules II

Week 9: Application I

Week 10: Application II Advanced

Week 11: Case Study I
Topics

Week 12: Case Study II

Week 13: Revision and Exam Guide

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Libraries and Modules

Python Terminology: Script, Module, Package, and Libraries
Modules
Import Modules
Creating own Module
Math
Built-in Math functions
The Math modules
Numpy: Basics
List vs Array
Vectors and Matrices
Numpy with matplotlib
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Python Libraries, Packages, Modules

matplot
Library peg
Package Package

module1
a
module2

classes classes Module

variables variables

functions functions
.
.
.

Will learn about the class next week

These are not strict definitions. Many people feel these terms are somewhat open to interpretation.
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Libraries and Modules

Python Terminology: Script, Module, Package, and Libraries
Modules
Import Modules
Creating own Module
Math
Built-in Math functions
The Math modules
Numpy: Basics
List vs Array
Vectors and Matrices
Numpy with matplotlib
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Python Modules
To develop a complex program

The code I wrote The code written by others

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Python Modules

We learned so far: Remember?

Variables We sometimes used the code, wrote by others!
Data Collections
Functions
sys matplotlib
*covered in Lecture 3
*covered in Lecture 3, 4, 6

re matplotlib.animation
*covered in Lecture 4
*covered in Lecture 6

We call those as Modules!

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Python Import Modules Approach 1

How did we use this? Remember?

import <module_name> import <module_name> as <identifier>

in Lecture 3
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Python Import Modules Approach 1

How did we use this? Remember?

import <module_name> import <module_name> as <identifier>

Import everything from module_name module but everything Use keyword as to replace prefixed module_name with
we want must be prefixed with module_name own identifier
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Python Import Modules Approach 1

How did we use this? Remember?

import <module_name> as <identifier>

What if we have very

long module name?

Use keyword as to replace prefixed module_name with

own identifier

If no as <identifier>
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Python Import Modules Approach 1

Interpret the following command as a human language

A module within
the matplotlib library

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

bring in

A library in python
for data visualisation write the name on every call
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Python Import Modules Approach 1

Approach 1 Pros:
Less maintenance of your import
import <module_name> statements. Don't need to add any
additional imports to start using
Import everything from module_name module
another item from the module
but everything we want must be prefixed with module_name

import <module_name> as <identifier> Cons!

Typing sys.argv in your code can be
Use keyword as to replace prefixed module_name tedious and redundant (tedium can be
with own identifier minimized by using import module as)
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Python Import Modules Approach 2

How did we use this? Remember?

from <module_name> import <attribute>

from <module_name> import <attribute> as <identifier>

in Lecture 6

Imports only the attribute that is specified from module_name

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Python Import Modules Approach 2

Approach 2 Pros:
Less typing to use plt
from <module_name> import <attribute>
More control over which items of a
module can be accessed
Imports only the attribute that is specified from module_name

from <module_name> import <attribute> as <identifier> Cons!

To use a new item from the module you
Use keyword as to replace prefixed module_name have to update your import statement
with own identifier
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Python Import Modules

Technically, you can import modules by using several approaches

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.plot(x, y)
All those are equivalent
import matplotlib.pyplot (if x and y are already defined).
matplotlib.pyplot.plot(x, y)
What do you like the most?
import matplotlib as mpl
mpl.pyplot.plot(x, y)

from matplotlib import pyplot

pyplot.plot(x, y)

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

plt.plot(x, y)
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Libraries and Modules

Python Terminology: Script, Module, Package, and Libraries
Modules
Import Modules
Creating own Module
Math
Built-in Math functions
The Math modules
Numpy: Basics
List vs Array
Vectors and Matrices
Numpy with matplotlib
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Python Modules
To develop a complex program

The code I wrote The code written by me before

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Python Script VS Modules

Script Module

using
two pale
Python file intended to be run directly Python file meant to be imported
Contains statements outside the scope of into scripts and other modules
any class or function Defines classes, functions, variables,
and other members for us in scripts
that import it

Will learn about the class next week

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Python Script VS Modules

Script Module

Python file meant to be imported

into scripts and other modules
Defines classes, functions, variables,
and other members for us in scripts
that import it

Will learn about the class next week

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Python Creating Modules

You can make a module by yourself!

Script Module

from <module_name> import <attribute>

Imports only the attribute that is specified from module_name

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Python Creating Modules

You can make a module by yourself!

Script Module

from <module_name> import <attribute>

Imports only the attribute that is specified from module_name

ENGG1810/9810

Libraries and Modules

Python Terminology: Script, Module, Package, and Libraries
Modules
Import Modules
Creating own Module
Math
Built-in Math functions
The Math modules
Numpy: Basics
List vs Array
Vectors and Matrices
Numpy with matplotlib
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Python Math
There are several common built-in Math functions in Python

min/max abs round

Find the lowest or highest value Returns the absolute (positive) Round number to ndigits
in an iterable: value of the specified number |x| beyond the decimal point.
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Python Math
There are several common built-in Math functions in Python

pow sum int/float

adds the items of an iterable and returns a integer or floating point
returns the sum. number from a number or a string.
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Python Math

Python has also a built-in module called math,

which extends the list of mathematical functions.

To use it, we can use the keyword import module:

import math
By importing the math module,
you can start using methods and constants of the math module.

Complete Math Module Reference

https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html
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Python Math Module

Calculate the length of the hypotenuse. (a = 3, b= 4)

Pythagorean theorem

** Exponentiation (covered in Lecture 1)

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Python Math Module

Calculate the length of the hypotenuse. (a = 3, b= 4)

math.sqrt() returns the

square root of a number
Pythagorean theorem
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Python Math Module

Make a function hypotenuse()
Calculate the length of the hypotenuse.

Pythagorean theorem
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Python Math Module

The math.ceil() rounds a number upwards to its nearest integer
The math.floor() rounds a number downwards to its nearest integer

2.3 Find the nearest integer

2
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Python Math Module

The math.pi
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Libraries and Modules

Python Terminology: Script, Module, Package, and Libraries
Modules
Import Modules
Creating own Module
Math
Built-in Math functions
The Math modules
Numpy: Basics
List vs Array
Vectors and Matrices
Numpy with matplotlib
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The core library for scientific computing

Python Numpy
NumPy provides a high-performance multidimensional array object,
and tools for working with these arrays.
A NumPy array is:
a grid of values, all of the same type.
indexed by a tuple of nonnegative integers.

To use it, we can use the keyword import module:

import Numpy as np

write the name on every call

Numpy Module Reference

https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/
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Python Vectors and Matrices

Any single numerical value is known as Scalar.

1-dimensional arrays are known as Vectors.
2-dimensional arrays are known as Matrices.
N-dimensional arrays are known as Tensor. (N > 2)

5 4 3
5 4 3
5 5 4 3 5 4 3
3 4 2
3 2 4
24 5 3 8 3 3 2 4 3 2 4
10 7 5
10 7 5
10 10 7 5 10 7 5
Scalar Row Vector Column Vector Matrix Tensor
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Python Vectors and Matrices

Any single numerical value is known as Scalar.

1-dimensional arrays are known as Vectors.
2-dimensional arrays are known as Matrices.
N-dimensional arrays are known as Tensor. (N > 2)

Scalar
Vector
Matrix
Tensor
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Python List VS Numpy Array: Operations

The operator on NumPy arrays perform an element-wise addition,
while the same operation on Python lists results in a list concatenation.

Python List Numpy Array

O 0

JC
list concatenation element-wise addition
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Python List VS Numpy Array: Operations

The operator on NumPy arrays perform an element-wise addition,
while the same operation on Python lists results in a list concatenation.

Python List Numpy Array

list concatenation element-wise addition

1 2 3 4 5 + 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4
+ + + + = 2 4 6 8
= 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4
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Python List VS Numpy Array: Operations

The operators on NumPy arrays perform an element-wise calculation,
while the same operation on Python lists results in a list concatenation.

Python List Numpy Array

fist aint
a int
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Python List VS Numpy Array: Operations

The operators on NumPy arrays perform an element-wise calculation,
while the same operation on Python lists results in a list concatenation.

5 5 5
+ + +
1 2 3 6 7 8
=
4 5 6 9 10 11
+ + +
5 5 5

10 10 10
* * *
1 2 3 10 20 30
=
4 5 6 40 50 60
* *
10 10 10
*
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Python List VS Numpy Array

PERFORMANCE
Numpy data structures perform better in:
Size - Numpy data structures take up less space.
Performance - have a need for speed and are faster than lists
Functionality - have optimized functions such as linear algebra operations built in.
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Python Numpy Array: Indexing

Numpy Array!

01 2 34 S
O 0 1 2 3 4 5
I 6 7 8 9 10 11
2 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23
3
4 24 25 26 27 28 29
s 30 31 32 33 34 35
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Python Numpy Array: Draw Sin/Cos Graph

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Python Numpy Array: Draw Sin/Cos Graph

Od goes

numpy.arange
numpy.arange([start, ]stop, [step, ]
Return evenly spaced values within a given interval.
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Python Numpy Array: Draw Sin/Cos Graph

https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.sin.html?highlight=sin#numpy.sin
https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.cos.html?highlight=cos#numpy.cos
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Python Numpy Array: Draw Sin/Cos Graph

https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.sin.html?highlight=sin#numpy.sin
https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.cos.html?highlight=cos#numpy.cos
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THANKS FOR
WATCHING
Good luck in studying