41 & Departinent of Mathematics, Dr. LAB 4 (22MAU201A/B/C/D) Vector differential operator applied on scalar and vector point functions. Aim: The aim of this Maxima Lab is to equip students with a thorough understanding of vector calculus concepts, particularly focusing on the vector differential operator, also known as the del operator (V), and its application in manipulating scalar and veetor point functions. 42 1 43 This lab offers students an interactive leaming experi Objectives: Problem-Solving Skills: Enhance problem-solving skills by learning to manipulate scalar and vector functions using the del operator and applying vector calculus concepts to solve engineering problems, Computational Proficiency: Gain proficiency in using Maxima tool to perform vector calculus operations and solve engineering problems involving the del operator. Description: ice to delve into the core concepts of vector calculus. students will explore gradient, divergence, curl, and directional derivatives. Gradient: If f(x, y, 2) is a continuously differentiable scalar point function, then vector function Vf is called gradient of and is written as grad f Thus, vf = Li + hj + Lk = (Af /ax, af ay, af /22) Divergence: The divergence of a continuously differentiable vector point function F = ayi + aaj + ak is denoted by div F and is defined as: day , da Oa ay * Oz Curl: The curl of a continuously differentiable vector point function curl F is defined as divF =0-F curl F =0xF4.4 Gradient of a scalar point function f: 4.41: /* To find the gradient of a scalar point function f */ Examplel: Find 7f of f = xyz at the point (1, 2, 3). Kill(all); load(veet"); fx°2*y*2), express(grad(); gtdfev(%, nouns); grdfiev(%, x=1, y=2, 2-3); print("gradient of f.".grdf)S Exercise: Evaluate Vf for the following functions 1.f = x2y8z! at the point (1, -1, 1). 2.f = log (x* + y2 +22) at the point (1, 2, 3). 4.5 Divergence of a vector point function F: 4. : /* To find the divergence of a vector point function F */ Examplet: Find div F of F = (x*y) i + (yz*)j + (2x)k at the point (1, 2, 3). Kill(all); Toad("veet");, Fi[x’2*y, y*z"2, 24x"2}; express(div(F)): divF:ev(%, nouns); divFiev(%, x=1, y=2, 2-3 print("Divergence of F is divF)$ Exercise: Find div F for the following function. 1, F = (8x" — 3yz) i+ (3y* — 3xz) j + (3z* — 3xy)k at the point (1, -2, 1).4.6 Curl of a vector point function F: 4.61: /* To find the curl of a vector point function F */ Examplel: Find curl F of F = (xy?)i + (2x?yz)j — (3yz2)k at the point (1, 1, 1). kill(all); load("vect"); Fe[x*(y*2), 2*(x°2)*y*z, (3*y*2"2)]; express(curl(F)); curlF:ev(%,nouns); curlF:ev(%, print(" Curl of 121); " curlF)S Exercise: Find cur! F for the following function. 1. F = (yiz2)i + (Bxy2z2)j + (2xy82)k at the point (1, 1, 1) 47 U vector normal to the surface 4.71: /* To find the unit vector normal to the surface f*/ Unit vector normal to the surface fis given by, # = 7 Example: Find a unit vector normal to the surface xy — 2xz + 2y?z* = 10 at the point @2.1,-1), kill(all); Toad("veet"); Ex! Dy-2*xtzt2*y"2*24-10; express(grad({)); grdfiev(%, nouns); grdfiev(%, x=2, y=1, 2-1); print("gradient of f: ",grdf)S magn_grdf : sqrt(sum(grdifi}*2, i, 1, length(grdf))); unit_vector : map(lambda({v}, v / magn_grdf), grdf); print("Unit vector normal to the surface f at 2,1,-1): ", unit_vector); Exerciss 1. Find a unit vector normal to the surface xyz? = 10 at the point (-1, -1, 2).4.8 Directional Derivative: ‘The directional derivative of scalar point function fin the direction of vector d is VE.A, where f= 4.81: /* To find the directional derivative */ = at the point (1, -1, 1) in the direction Examplet: Find the directional derivative of f = = of vector i — 2j + k. Kill(ally, toad("vect"); £(x*2)(x24y"2); express(grad();, grdfiev(%, nouns); grdfiev(%, x=1, y=-1, 2-1); print("gradient of f: ",grdf)S 4:0,-2, 15 magn_d : sqri(sum(dfi]’2, i, 1, length(d))); unit_vector : map(lambda({v}, v/ magn_d), d); prini("Unit vector of the given vector [i - 2) +k]: ", unit_vector); dd f: unit_vector . grdf, print("Directional derivative of f at (1,-1.1) along the direction of i-2j+k :" Exerciss 1. Find the directional derivative of f = xyz + 4xz? at the point (1, -2,-1) in the direction of vector 2 i — j — 2k.4.9 Solenoidal vector and Irrotational vector: A vector point function F is said to be solenoidal if div F=0, that is V-F A vector point function F is said to be irrotational if curl F=0, that is Vx 4: |: /* To verify the given vector point function F is solenoidal or irrotational*/ Examplel: Verify that the given vector point function F = 3y*z7i + 4x3z2j + 3x2y?k is solenoidal or irrotational. all): Toad("veet"); Fe[3*(2°2)*(y™4), 44(0°3)42"2, 34(x2)*y°2]; express(div(F)): divF:ev(%, nouns); DivF:ratsimp(divF); print("Divergence of F is : ", DivF); if DivF=0 then print(” Vector point function F is solenoidal ") else print(” Vector point function F is not solenoidal ") S express(curl(F)); curlF:ev(%,nouns); print(" Curl of F is :", curlF); if curlF=(0, 0, 0] then print(" Vector point function F is irrotational ") else print(” Vector point function F is not irrotational") $ Exerciss xityy Faye 1. Verify that the given vector point function F = is solenoidal or irrotational.