A STUDY ON OVERALL PERSPECTIVE OF CUSTOMS HOUSE

AGENTS AND FREIGHT FORWARDING IN IMPORT

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of the degree in

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

BY
PARTHASARATHY KN
(22504201050)

under the guidance of

Mr SATHYAMOORTHY & Mr VENKAT
FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT
STUDIES
Dr. M.G.R.
Educational and Research
Institute (Deemed to be university)

Maduravoyal, Chennai-600 095

(An ISO 9001-2008 certified Institution)

University with Special Autonomy Status

May 2024
 DECLARATION

I PARTHASARATHY KN hereby declare that the Project Report entitled A

STUDY ON OVERALL PERSPECTIVE OF CUSTOMS HOUSE AGENTS

AND FREIGHT FORWARDING IN IMPORT is done by me under the

guidance of Mr SATHYAMOORTHY G & Mr VENKAT is submitted in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree in MASTER OF

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION.

DATE:

PLACE: SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE

PARTHASARATHY KN
 Dr. M.G.R.
Educational and Research
Institute (Deemed to be
university)

Maduravoyal, Chennai-600 095

(An ISO 9001-2008 certified Institution)

FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this Project Report is the bonafide work of Mr

PARTHASARATHY KN who carried out the project entitled A STUDY ON
OVERALL PERSPECTIVE OF CUSTOMS HOUSE AGENTS AND FREIGHT
FORWARDING IN IMPORT under our supervision from Mr
SATHYAMOORTHY G & Mr VENKAT

Internal Guide Head of the

Department
 Submitted for Viva Voce Examination held on _________

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

To acknowledge here, all those who have been a helping hand in completing this
project, shall be an endeavor in itself

I extremely thankful to our Chancellor Thiru A.C.SHANMUGAM,B.A., B.L., our

President

Er. A.C.S. ARUN KUMAR, B.E. I express my sincere thanks to our Secretary Thiru A.
RAVIKUMAR and our Vice Chancellor DR.S.GEETHALAKSHMI, I would like to take the
opportunity to express my profound gratitude to Dr. G BRINDHA, Professor & head, and my
project guide, Faculty of Management Studies, for her kind permission to undergo project
work successfully.

I thank Mr SATHYAMOORTHY G & Mr VENKAT guiding me to execute my final year project.

I also thank all faculties and batch mates in Faculty of Management Studies, for their
support and guidance throughout the course of final year project.

I thank NAGARAJAN KV of NARPAVI LOGISTICS PVT LTD for guiding and supporting
throughout my project

I owe my wholehearted thanks and appreciation to entire staff of the company for their
cooperation and assistance during the project.

Name of the student

PARTHASARATHY KN
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE PAGE
ABSTRACT

CHAPTER 1

1.1 Introduction about the topic

1.2 Industry Profile

Company Profile

1.3 Objectives of the study

1.4 Importance or Need of the study

1.5 Scope of the study

1.6 Limitation of the study

CHAPTER 2 - Review of Literature (Books and Journals)

CHAPTER 3 – Research Methodology

3.1 Research Design

Research Hypothesis & Methodology

Data Analysis (list the tools used) (Percentage Analysis is tool

must apart from that any two statistical tool must be used)

Sample size

Data collection approach

CHAPTER 4 - Data Analysis and interpretation

CHAPTER – 5

5.1 FINDINGS

5.2 SUGGESTION

5.3 CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Questionnaire
 CHAPTER :1

INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE TOPIC

(OVERALL PERSPECTIVE OF CUSTOMS HOUSE AGENTS AND FREIGHT

FORWARDING IN IMPORT)
1.1 INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE TOPIC:

(OVERALL PERSPECTIVE OF CHA AND FREIGHT FORWARDING)

Freight forwarding and customs house agents play pivotal roles in the global logistics and
supply chain management process. Essentially, they act as intermediaries between businesses
or individuals and the complex network of shipping, transportation, and regulatory authorities
involved in moving goods across borders.

Freight Forwarding:

Freight forwarding involves the coordination and facilitation of the transportation of goods
from one place to another. Freight forwarders serve as intermediaries between shippers and
carriers, organizing the movement of goods via various modes of transport such as air, sea,
road, or rail. Their responsibilities typically include negotiating freight rates, arranging
transportation, preparing shipping documentation, tracking shipments, and managing customs
clearance procedures. Essentially, they streamline the logistics process, ensuring that goods
are delivered efficiently and cost-effectively to their destination.

Customs House Agents (CHAs):

Customs house agents, also known as customs brokers, specialize in navigating the complex
customs clearance process. They act on behalf of importers and exporters to ensure
compliance with customs regulations and facilitate the smooth movement of goods across
international borders. Their expertise lies in preparing and submitting the required
documentation, such as import/export declarations, Shipping bill, duty calculations, and other
regulatory paperwork, to customs authorities. Additionally, they assist clients in resolving
customs issues, handling inspections, and navigating the complexities of tariffs and trade
agreements.
Both freight forwarders and customs house agents (CHAs) play critical roles in facilitating
international trade by providing a range of services, including:

1.Logistics Coordination:

Coordinating the movement of goods from origin to destination, optimizing routes, and
selecting the most efficient modes of transportation.

2.Documentation Management:

Ensuring that all necessary paperwork, such as bills of lading, commercial invoices, Packing
list, certificate of origin and customs declarations, is accurately prepared and submitted in
compliance with regulatory requirements.

3.Customs Clearance:

Facilitating the smooth passage of goods through customs by managing import/export

documentation, duties, taxes, and regulatory compliance.

4.Risk Management:

Mitigating risks associated with shipping, such as delays, damages, or regulatory penalties,
by providing expertise and guidance throughout the logistics process.

5.Supply Chain Visibility:

Providing real-time tracking and visibility of shipments, allowing clients to monitor the status
and location of their goods throughout the transportation process.
INDUSTRY PROFILE
Documentation in freight forwarding is the vital administrative backbone of global trade
logistics. Considering and planning the most effective route for freight. Organising the
transportation of freight between intermediate destinations – usually cargo terminals, port
facilities or railway yards. Tracking the movement of freight using software and satellite
technology. Key documents like the Bill of Lading, Commercial Invoice, and Customs
Declaration play pivotal roles, but the industry faces challenges due to complexities, manual
processes, and evolving regulations. Embracing digitalization, exploring block chain, and
advocating for data standardization are the trends reshaping this crucial facet of freight
forwarding, enhancing efficiency and accuracy in a rapidly changing landscape.
The freight forwarding market refers to the industry that provides logistics services for the
transportation of goods from one location to another. Freight forwarders act as intermediaries
between shippers and carriers, arranging the movement of goods by air, sea, rail or road.
 IMPORT PROCESS:

→PRE ALERT (Receiving Import Order):

Agent send the MBL AND HBL

ETD- Estimated time of departure,

ETA- Estimated time of arrival,

VESSEL NAME VOYE

BILL OF LADING
BILL OF LADING:

A bill of lading is a legal document issued by a carrier to a shipper that details the type,
quantity, and destination of the goods being carried. A bill of lading is a document of title, a
receipt for shipped goods, and a contract between a carrier and a shipper.

MASTER BILL OF LADING (MBL):

A Master Bill of Lading is issued by the owner or operator of a ship (carrier). It consists of
the transport contract between the shipper (owner of goods in transit) and the carrier (operator
of a mode of such transit). it represents the contract of carriage for the goods.

HOUSE BILL OF LADING (HBL):

A house bill of lading is legal proof of a contract between the consignee and the carrier
company. It acts as a legal slip or acknowledgment that the carrier has received the
consignment for shipment. It is also an assurance that the consignment is damage-free and
ready to be shipped to the consignee.
→CFS MOVEMENT:

Freight Forwarders have to get approval from liner for the CFS (Container Freight Station) movement
and for the CFS nomination. (EG) VIKING: INMAA1VIK1

The process will be done through ODEX or EMAIL.

MANIFEST:

It is necessary for freight forwarders to MAIFEST MBL and HBL, and confirmation of CFS
nomination should occur before manifesting.

CHECKLIST:

AFTER MANIFESTING WE WILL RECEIVE CHECKLIST, WE HAVE TO CHECK THE

CHECKLIST WITH MBL AND HBL
IGM(Import General Manifest):

Last 3 to 5 days before eta, liners will fill igm and we have to do spilt for that igm. And check
through ice gate (IGM status). Following the split, the CHA(Customs House Agent)
procedure will begin.

CHA PROCESS:
After the IGM processed

1. Prepare the checklist in force software.

 2.Invoice, packing list, Bill of Lading and Other Relevant Documents Need TO E-SANCIT

COMMERCIAL INVOICE

COMMERCIAL INVOICE

The commercial invoice is one of the most important documents in international trade and
ocean freight shipping. It is a legal document issued by the seller (exporter) to the buyer
(importer) in an international transaction and serves as a contract and a proof of sale between
the buyer and seller.
 PACKING LIST

PACKING LIST

A packing list itemizes the contents of each package (box, pallets, etc). It includes weights,
measurements and detailed lists of the goods in each package. The packing list should be
included in carton or package, and can be attached to the outside of a package with a copy
inside.

A packing list is a document used for customs declaration that identifies the quantity, weight,
dimensions, and carton count of the shipped products.
3.NEED TO UPLOAD THE CHECKLIST IN ICEGATE PORTAL TO GET BOE
4. AFTER (BOE) BILL OF ENTRY FILED.

A. If went to assessment; we have to assess the BOE (Bill of Lading) APPRAISER

OFFICER (AO) in customs. After that it will be ready to examine.

B. BOE (Bill of Lading) need to register in ice gate portal.

C. After register CHA will show the cargo to examine officer, they will check our cargo
based on documents.

D. After examined, officer will provide examination report and forward BOE (Bill of Lading)
to Appraiser officer (AO) in ICES portal.

E. (AO) APPRAISER OFFICER will provide (OOC) OUT OF CHARGES after checked the
documents and examination report which was forwarded by (EO) Executive Officer.

(OR)

B. If went to (RMS) Risk management system, (AO) Appraiser officer will provide (OOC)
Out of Charges based on E-SANCIT documents.

INVOICE:

We have to request for invoice in ODEX or else through mail

Go to the E-INVOICE and click on location (e.g., chennai)

Click Request and go to liner request.

Click New Invoice.

Enter the liner name and all the required information, then click the submit button.
Once submitted, we must verify that the Invoice has been released.

When this page opens, click More. To change the status to All, click Submit.

Once when this page open we may view the released status on this page.

PAYMENT CONFIRMATION:

we will make payment for liners through mail or ODEX. Based on liner.

DELIVERY ORDER(DO):

We have to apply do in ODEX or else through mail depending on liners

Click Documents and go to D/O request.

Click D/O.
Enter the liner name and all the required information, then click the submit button.

Once submitted, we must verify that the D/O has been released.

When this page opens, click More. To change the status to All, click Submit.

Once when this page open we may view the released status on this page.
We will receive (D/O) Delivery Order, Empty D/O in ODEX or in liner office.

After OOC (PO) Preventive Officers will allow to be passed out the cargo based on (OOC)
Out of Charges and (D/O) Delivery Order received from liners
CHA will provide transportation for cargo pickup from (CFS) Container Freight Station and
gate out the vehicle based on permerited of (PO) and the same vehicle we will move to the
consignee location.

After destuffed the cargo in consignee factory the empty container we must return back to
Empty yard which was liner nominated yard. (within the free period) if not off load within
period liner will collect detention charges of container.
COMPANY PROFILE
 INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANY

(Narpavi Logistics Private Limited)

Narpavi Logistics Private Limited started its journey in 2019 with an experience of two
decades as individual service provider, and within a short period we could archive our
recognition in the Global Market. Our team of experts now render a very consistent and
dedicated service to the customers and have become a most sought after service provider.

We identify the ways of achieving a sustainable growth of the company by offering

innovative and custom-made solutions as per the need of the customers with knowledge and
reliability.

We at Narpavi are committed to service to the satisfaction of the Importer/Exporter with

dedication.

We adhere to the International Standard of Service Quality to all our customers by offering
innovative supply chain solutions through Air, Sea, Warehouse etc.,
HISTORY OF THE COMPANY

Incorporated in 10-09-2020, Narpavi Logistics Private Limited is a company that specializes

in -providing cargo handling services. Its registered office is situated in the bustling city of
Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The company prides itself on its efficient and reliable services,
catering to the needs of various industries.

With a team of experienced professionals, Narpavi Logistics ensures that all cargo is handled
with utmost care and delivered on time .The company's dedication to customer satisfaction
has earned them a reputable name in the logistics industry.

From small businesses to large corporations, Narpavi Logistics has been a trusted partner in
transporting goods across the country. With its state-of-the-art facilities and advanced
technology, the company continues to grow and expand its services, making it a top choice
for all cargo handling needs. Read Less

Registered business Activity of Narpavi Logistics Private Limited is Transport, storage and
Communications.

The company has 3 directors and no reported key management personnel.

→Sivakumar Thirunavukkarasu
→ Lakshmi Narasimhan Raghavan
→Katchikidambi Muralidharan Padmaja

The longest serving directors currently on board are Sivakumar Thirunavukkarasu and
Lakshmi Narasimhan Raghavan who were appointed on 10 September, 2020. They have been
on the board for 3 years and 7 months. The most recently appointed director is Katchikidambi
Muralidharan Padmaja, who was appointed on 12 August, 2021.

Sivakumar Thirunavukkarasu has the largest number of other directorships with a seat at a
total of 2 companies. In total, the company is connected to 1 other companies through its
directors.
VALUES

We strive to perform with commitment, Integrity, Transparency and Creativity.

VISION

To be recognized as Single Window Logistic Services Provider.

MISSION

Best-In-Class Cost Effective Logistics Solution Provider.

Narpavi Logistics Private Limited is a publicly traded global logistics company

headquartered in Chennai, providing customs house agent, freight forwarding, transportation,
and warehousing and supply chain services to businesses, governments, international
institutions and relief agencies worldwide. Narpavi Logistics Private Limited is one of the
world’s leading logistics companies. They offer the supply chain smarts, technology and
personal service that connect the business to global markets. Narpavi Logistics Private
Limited builds durable, efficient supply chains that power businesses and drive trade, creating
access to new opportunities.

Our Range of Professional Services: -

→Global Freight Services (Sea& Air) →Project Handling

→Custom Clearance (Export & Import) →Break Bulk

→LCL Consolidation (Sea &Air) →Transport Services

→Warehousing, Distribution →Door-to-door service and Ex-works

→Buying and Selling of Containers

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
Objectives of the study:

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

• To study on the role of Custom House Agent and Freight forwarding on handling import
process.

• To study and analyse the Custom House Agent and Freight forwarding in NARPAVI
LOGISTICS PVT LTD.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

• To study about CHA and Freight forwarding identify their functions.

• To study the various Shipments handled by NARPAVI LOGISTICS PVT LTD.

• To study about the delivery order process by the freight forwarder

• To examine the various facilities provided by the CHA and freight forwarders to the
customer.

• To analyse the problems faced by the CHA and FRIGHT FORWARDERS throughout the
shipment
Need for the study:

• To study the operational features of the CHA from receipts of documents and till to
Customs clearance.

•To study the operational features of the freight forwarding from CFS movement, manifest
till to the DO process.

• To analyse the nature of work / business process of CHA and Freight forwarding.

• To understand the essential endorsements and documents obtained by CHA and freight
forwarding.

DOCUMENTS:

• Invoice

• Packing List

• Certificate of origin

• Bills of lading

• Shipping bill

• Bond details depends on liners

• (FSSAI) Food Safety and Standards Authority of India

• Health certification

• Delivery order etc.

Scope of the study:

The scope of freight forwarding includes managing logistics, arranging transportation,

handling customs clearance, providing warehousing and distribution services, offering
insurance options, managing supply chains, handling documentation, tracking shipments,
and providing customer service.

Customs Documentation: Prepare and manage the required documentation for

import/export clearance, including bills of entry, shipping bills, invoices, and other customs-
related forms.

Customs Clearance Process: Facilitate the smooth clearance of goods through customs
checkpoints by submitting accurate documentation, paying duties and taxes, and obtaining
necessary clearances or permits.

Documentation and Paperwork: They handle the documentation and paperwork involved
in international trade, such as bills of lading, invoices, certificates of origin, and
export/import permits, ensuring compliance with legal requirements.

Tracking and Monitoring: Freight forwarders utilize technology to track and monitor
shipments in real-time, providing clients with visibility into the status and location of their
goods throughout the transportation process.

Transportation Services: They arrange various modes of transportation, such as shipping,

air freight, rail, and trucking, depending on the requirements of the shipment and the client's
preferences.
LIMITATIONS OF STUDY:

• Keeping up with changing customs rules is tough for CHAs and freight forwarders.

• Handling tons of documents for each shipment can be overwhelming.

• Freight forwarders rely on other companies for transportation, which can lead to issues if
things go wrong.

• Freight forwarders and Customs house agent can't control everything in the supply chain,
like manufacturing, causing potential delays.

• Changes in prices and exchange rates can affect profits for CHAs and freight forwarders.

• New technology can be expensive and difficult to implement for some companies.

• Competition in the industry can drive prices down, making it hard to make a profit.

• Ensuring goods stay safe during shipping can be challenging and costly for CHAs and
freight forwarders.
 CHAPTER :3

Research Methodology
RESEARCH DESIGN:

A research design is the arrangement of condition for collection and analysis of data in a
manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure.
The research design is the conceptual structure within which research is conducted.

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS & METHODOLOGY:

Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research It may be understood as

a science of studying how research is done scientifically. It includes the overall research
design, the sampling procedure, data collection method and analysis procedure.

DATA ANALYSIS:

1. LIST THE TOOLS USED:

The researcher used a non-structured questionnaire comprised of multiple-choice responses

and Likert's 5-point scale supported with personal interviews of the respondents.

2.STASTICAL TOOL USED A. PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS:

One of the simplest methods of analysis of the percentage method. It is the traditional
statistical tools. Through the use of percentage data are reduced in the standard from with the
base equal to 100 which facilities relative comparison. In the study the percentage analysis is
been used for interpretation. It was used to analyze and interpret the data by representing
them through tables and charts.
The formula used:

Percentage of the respondents = Number of respondent ˟ 100

Total number of respondents

► SAMPLE SIZE

This sample taken for the study is 100.

► DATA COLLECTION APPROACH:

While deciding about the method of data collection for the researcher should keep in mind
there are two types of data collection.

► PRIMARY DATA:

• The primary data are those which are collected fresh and for the first time and thus
happen to be original in character.

• With help of the structural questionnaire, personally administered interview technique

as been used for the collection of primary data from the respondents.

► SECONDARY DATA:

• The secondary data are those which have already been collected by someone else and
which already have been passed through the statistical process. The secondary data have been
collected from the company records.
 CHAPTER 4

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

DATA ANALYSIS:

GENDER OF RESPONDENTS

S.NO Gender No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Male 50 50%
2 Female 50 50%
3 Prefer not to say
Total 100 100%

Gender

50% 50%

Male Female Perfer not to say

Interpretation:

From the above chart, it is evident that 50% of the respondents were Of Female, 50% of the
respondents were Male.

INFERENCE:
Both male and female are equal percentage of the respondents.

MARTIAL OF RESPONDENTS

S.NO Martial No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Married 20 20%
2 Unmarried 80 80%
3 Prefer not to say 0 0
Total 100 100%

Marital Status

20%

80%

Married Unmarried Perfer not to say

Interpretation:

the above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 20% respondent are married, 60% of
respondent are unmarried.

INFERENCE:

Majority (80%) of the respondents are UNMARRIED.

 EDUCATION QUALIFICATION OF RESPONDENTS

S.NO Education Qualification No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 SSLC 5 5%
2 HSC 5 5%
3 UG 40 40%
4 PG 50 50%
Total 100 100%

Education Qualification

5% 5%

45%

45%

SSLC HSC UG PG

Interpretation:

the above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 45% respondent of qualifications are PG,
45% of respondent of qualifications are UG , Both HSC and SSLC respondents of
qualifications are 5%.

INFERENCE:
Majority (45%) of the respondents are UG and PG.

AGE GROUP OF RESPONDENTS

S.NO Age Group No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 10 to 20 20 20%
2 21 to 30 60 60%
3 31 to 40 10 10%
4 ABOVE 40 10 10%
Total 100 100%

Age Group

10%
20%
10%

60%

10 to 20 21 to 30 31 to 40 ABOVE 40

Interpretation:

the above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 60% respondent are 21 to 30 age group,
20% of respondent are 10 to 20 age group, 10% respondent are 31 to 40 age group, 10%
respondent are above 40 age group.

INFERENCE:
Majority (60%) of the respondents are in 21 to 30 age group.

PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OF GOODS

OF RESPONDENTS

S.NO Particulars No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Strongly agree 10 10%
2 Agree 60 60%
3 Neutral 30 30%
4 Disagree 0 0%
Total 100 100%

PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OF

GOODS

10%
30%

60%

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree

Interpretation:

the above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 60% respondent are AGREE, 30% of
respondent are NEUTRAL, 10% respondent are STRONGLY AGREE.

INFERENCE:

Majority (60%) of the respondents are AGREE.

CHA HANDLE DOCUMENTATION AND REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
FOR THE IMPORT AND EXPORT OF RESPONDENTS

S.NO Particulars No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Strongly agree 40 40%
2 Agree 50 50%
3 Neutral 10 10%
4 Disagree 0 0%
Total 100 100%

CHA HANDLE DOCUMENTATION AND REGULATORY

COMPLIANCE FOR THE IMPORT AND EXPORT

10%

40%

50%

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree

Interpretation:

the above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 50% respondent are AGREE, 10% of
respondent are NEUTRAL, 40% respondent are STRONGLY AGREE.

INFERENCE:

Majority (50%) of the respondents are AGREE.

 FREIGHT FORWARDERS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PHYSICAL
MOVEMENT OF GOODS ACROSS BORDERS OF RESPONDENTS

S.NO Particulars No. of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Strongly agree 20 20%
2 Agree 50 50%
3 Neutral 10 10%
4 Disagree 20 20%
Total 100 100%

FREIGHT FORWARDERS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PHYSICAL

MOVEMENT OF GOODS ACROSS BORDERS

20% 20%

10%

50%

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree

Interpretation:

the above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 50% respondent are AGREE, 10% of
respondent are NEUTRAL, 20% respondent are STRONGLY AGREE, 20% of respondent
are DISAGREE.

INFERENCE:

Majority (50%) of the respondents are AGREE.

 CUSTOMS CLEARANCE AN ESSENTIAL STEP IN THE
INTERNATIONAL TRADE PROCESS OF RESPONDENTS

S.NO Particulars No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Strongly agree 70 70%
2 Agree 20 20%
3 Neutral 5 5%
4 Disagree 5 5%
Total 100 100%

CUSTOMS CLEARANCE AN ESSENTIAL STEP IN THE

INTERNATIONAL TRADE PROCESS

5% 5%

20%

70%

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree

Interpretation:

The above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 20% respondent are AGREE, 5% of
respondent are NEUTRAL, 70% of respondent are STRONGLY AGREE, 5% of respondent
are DISAGREE.

INFERENCE:

Majority (70%) of the respondents are STRONGLY AGREE.

 FREIGHT FORWARDING COMPANIES TYPICALLY OFFER
WAREHOUSING AND DISTRIBUTION SERVICES OF RESPONDENTS

S.NO Particulars No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Strongly agree 10 10%
2 Agree 50 50%
3 Neutral 30 30%
4 Disagree 10 10%
Total 100 100

FREIGHT FORWARDING COMPANIES TYPICALLY

OFFER WAREHOUSING AND DISTRIBUTION
SERVICES

10% 10%

30%

50%

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree

Interpretation:

The above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 50% respondent are AGREE, 30% of
respondent are NEUTRAL, 10% of respondent are STRONGLY AGREE, 10% of respondent
are DISAGREE.

INFERENCE:

Majority (50%) of the respondents are AGREE.

 CHA STAY UPDATED WITH THE LATEST IMPORT AND EXPORT
REGULATION OF RESPONDENTS

S.NO Particulars No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Strongly agree 50 50%
2 Agree 30 30%
3 Neutral 10 10%
4 Disagree 10 10%
Total 100 100%

CHA STAY UPDATED WITH THE LATEST IMPORT AND EXPORT

REGULATION

10%
10%

50%

30%

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree

Interpretation:

The above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 30% respondent are AGREE, 10% of
respondent are NEUTRAL, 50% of respondent are STRONGLY AGREE, 10% of respondent
are DISAGREE.

INFERENCE:

Majority (50%) of the respondents are STRONGLY AGREE.

 TECHNOLOGY PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN OPTIMIZING THE
OPERATIONS OF FREIGHT FORWARDING

S.NO Particulars No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Strongly agree 60 60%
2 Agree 10 10%
3 Neutral 30 30%
4 Disagree 0 0
Total 100 100%

TECHNOLOGY PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN

OPTIMIZING THE OPERATIONS OF FREIGHT
FORWARDING

30%

60%
10%

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree

Interpretation:

The above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 10% respondent are AGREE, 30% of
respondent are NEUTRAL, 60% of respondent are STRONGLY AGREE.

INFERENCE:

Majority (60%) of the respondents are STRONGLY AGREE.

 FREIGHT FORWARDING AND CUSTOMS CLEARANCE SERVICES
USUALLY OUTSOURCED BY COMPANIES ENGAGED IN
INTERNATIONAL TRADE

S.NO Particulars No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Strongly agree 10 10%
2 Agree 40 40%
3 Neutral 20 20%
4 Disagree 30 30%
Total 100 100

FREIGHT FORWARDING AND CUSTOMS CLEAR-

ANCE SERVICES USUALLY OUTSOURCED BY
COMPANIES ENGAGED IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE

10%
30%

40%

20%

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree

Interpretation:

The above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 40% respondent are AGREE, 20% of
respondent are NEUTRAL, 10% of respondent are STRONGLY AGREE, 30% of respondent
are DISAGREE.

INFERENCE:

Majority (40%) of the respondents are AGREE.

 FFC AND CHA SUBJECT TO REGULATIONS DEPENDING ON THE
COUNTRIES THEY OPERATE IN

S.NO Particulars No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Strongly agree 10 10%
2 Agree 40 40%
3 Neutral 20 20%
4 Disagree 30 30%
Total 100 100%

FFC AND CHA SUBJECT TO REGULATIONS DE-

PENDING ON THE COUNTRIES THEY OPERATE IN

10%
30%

40%

20%

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree

Interpretation:

The above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 40% respondent are AGREE, 20% of
respondent are NEUTRAL, 10% of respondent are STRONGLY AGREE, 30% of respondent
are DISAGREE.

INFERENCE:

Majority (40%) of the respondents are AGREE.

 FREIGHT FORWARDING COMPANIES WILL NOT COLLABORATE
WITH VARIOUS TRANSPORTATION CARRIERS TO ENSURE TIMELY
DELIVERY OF GOODS

S.NO Particulars No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Strongly agree 0 0%
2 Agree 10 10%
3 Neutral 0 0%
4 Disagree 90 90%
Total 100 100%

FREIGHT FORWARDING COMPANIES WILL NOT

COLLABORATE WITH VARIOUS TRANSPORTATION
CARRIERS TO ENSURE TIMELY DELIVERY OF
GOODS

10%

90%

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree

Interpretation:

The above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 30% respondent are AGREE, 30% of
respondent are NEUTRAL, 30% of respondent are STRONGLY AGREE, 10% of respondent
are DISAGREE.

INFERENCE:

Majority (90%) of the respondents are STRONGLY DISAGREE.

 THE ROLE OF A CUSTOMS HOUSE AGENT IN INTERNATIONAL
TRADE

S.NO Particulars No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Facilitating customs 20 20%
clearance procedures
2 Handling documentation 20 20%
for import and export
3 Ensuring compliance with 10 10%
customs regulations
4 All of the above 50 50%
Total 100 100%

THE ROLE OF A CUSTOMS HOUSE AGENT IN

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

20%

50%
20%

10%

Facilitating customs clearance procedures Handling documentation for import and export
Ensuring compliance with customs regulations All of the above

Interpretation:

The above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 50% respondent are All the above, 20%
of respondent are Handling documentation for import and export, 10% of respondent are
Ensuring compliance with customs regulations, 20% of respondent are Facilitating customs
clearance procedures.

INFERENCE:

Majority (50%) of the respondents are All the above.

 THE LICENSING REQUIREMENTS FOR CUSTOMS HOUSE AGENTS

S.NO Particulars No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 A degree in international trade 20 20%

2 Passing a licensing exam 20 20%

conducted by customs
authorities
3 Minimum years of experience 0 0%
in the field
4 Obtaining a license from the 60 60%
relevant regulatory authority

Total 100 100%

THE LICENSING REQUIREMENTS FOR CUSTOMS

HOUSE AGENTS

20%

60% 20%

A degree in international trade

Passing a licensing exam conducted by customs authorities
Minimum years of experience in the field
Obtaining a license from the relevant regulatory authority

Interpretation:

The above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 60% respondent are Obtaining a license
from the relevant regulatory authority, 20% of respondent are Passing a licensing exam conducted
by customs authorities, 20% of respondent are A degree in international trade.

INFERENCE:

Majority (60%) of the respondents are Obtaining a license from the relevant regulatory authority.
 TECHNOLOGIES ARE BEING ADOPTED BY CUSTOMS HOUSE
AGENTS TO ENHANCE EFFICIENCY

S.NO Particulars No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Electronic Data Interchange 10 10%
(EDI)
2 Automated Customs 10 10%
Clearance Systems

3 Blockchain technology for 10 10%

secure documentation
4 All of the above 70 70%

Total 100 100

TECHNOLOGIES ARE BEING ADOPTED BY CUS-

TOMS HOUSE AGENTS TO ENHANCE EFFICIENCY

10%
10%

10%

70%

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Automated Customs Clearance Systems

Blockchain technology for secure documentation All of the above

Interpretation:

The above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 70% respondent are All the above, 10%
of respondent are Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), 10% of respondent are Automated
Customs Clearance Systems, 10% of respondent are Blockchain technology for secure
documentation.

INFERENCE:

Majority (70%) of the respondents are All the above.

 STRATEGIES DO CUSTOMS HOUSE AGENTS EMPLOY TO ENSURE
COMPLIANCE WITH IMPORT/EXPORT REGULATIONS

S.NO Particulars No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Regular training of staff on 20 20%
regulatory updates
2 Utilizing compliance 20 20%
management software

3 Conducting thorough 10 10%

document audits
4 All of the above 50 50%

Total 100 100

STRATEGIES DO CHA EMPLOY TO ENSURE

COMPLIANCE WITH EXIM REGULATIONS

20%

50%
20%

10%

Regular training of staff on regulatory updates Utilizing compliance management software

Conducting thorough document audits All of the above

Interpretation:

The above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 50% respondent are All the above, 20%
of respondent are Regular training of staff on regulatory updates, 10% of respondent are
Conducting thorough document audits, 20% of respondent are Utilizing compliance
management software.

INFERENCE:

Majority (50%) of the respondents are All the above.

 CHA COMPETITIVE PRICING WITH MAINTAINING PROFITABILITY

S.NO Particulars No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Offering value-added services 20 20%

2 Negotiating lower tariffs with 20 20%

customs authorities
3 Optimizing operational 40 40%
efficiency
4 All of the above 20 20%

Total 100 100

CUSTOMS HOUSE AGENTS BALANCE COMPETITIVE

PRICING WITH MAINTAINING PROFITABILITY

20% 20%

20%

40%

Offering value-added services Negotiating lower tariffs with customs authorities

Optimizing operational efficiency All of the above

Interpretation:

The above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 20% respondent are All the above, 40%
of respondent are Optimizing operational efficiency, 20% of respondent are Negotiating
lower tariffs with customs authorities, 20% of respondent are Offering value-added services.

INFERENCE:

Majority (40%) of the respondents are Optimizing operational efficiency.

 CHA BUILD AND MAINTAIN RELATIONSHIPS WITH CLIENTS

S.NO Particulars No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Providing personalized 10 10%
customer service
2 Regular communication and 40 40%
updates on shipment status
3 Offering advisory services on 10 10%
trade regulations
4 All of the above 40 40%

Total 100 100

CUSTOMS HOUSE AGENTS BUILD AND MAINTAIN

RELATIONSHIPS WITH CLIENTS

10%

40%

40%

10%

Providing personalized customer service Regular communication and updates on shipment status
Offering advisory services on trade regulations All of the above

Interpretation:

The above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 40% respondent are All the above, 10%
of respondent are Providing personalized customer service, 40% of respondent are Regular
communication and updates on shipment status, 10% of respondent are Offering advisory
services on trade regulations.

INFERENCE:

Both All the above and Regular communication and updates on shipment status are majority
ROLE DOES TECHNOLOGY PLAY IN THE OPERATIONS OF CUSTOMS
HOUSE AGENTS

S.NO Particulars No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Streamlining documentation 10 10%
processes
2 Enhancing tracking and 20 20%
visibility of shipments
3 Improving communication 20 20%
with customs authorities
4 All of the above 50 50%

Total 100 100%

ROLE DOES TECHNOLOGY PLAY IN THE OPER-

ATIONS OF CUSTOMS HOUSE AGENTS

10%

20%
50%

20%

Streamlining documentation processes Enhancing tracking and visibility of shipments

Improving communication with customs authorities All of the above

Interpretation:

The above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 50% respondent are All the above, 10%
of respondent are Streamlining documentation processes, 20% of respondent are Enhancing
tracking and visibility of shipments, 20% of respondent are Improving communication with
customs authorities.

INFERENCE:

Majority (50%) of the respondents are ALL THE ABOVE.

CUSTOMS HOUSE AGENTS ADAPT TO CHANGES IN TRADE POLICIES
AND REGULATIONS

S.NO Particulars No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Monitoring regulatory updates 20 20%
through industry associations
2 Conducting regular training 30 30%
programs for staff

3 Collaborating with legal 0 0%

experts for compliance advice
4 All of the above 50 50%

Total 100 100

CUSTOMS HOUSE AGENTS ADAPT TO CHANGES IN

TRADE POLICIES AND REGULATIONS

20%

50%

30%

Monitoring regulatory updates through industry associations

Conducting regular training programs for staff
Collaborating with legal experts for compliance advice
All of the above

Interpretation:

The above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 50% respondent are All the above, 30%
of respondent are Conducting regular training programs for staff, 20% of respondent are
Monitoring regulatory updates through industry associations.

INFERENCE:

Majority (50%) of the respondents are ALL THE ABOVE.

CHA ENSURE COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
AND SUSTAINABILITY STANDARDS

S.NO Particulars No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Promoting eco-friendly 10 10%
transportation modes
2 Ensuring proper disposal of 20 20%
hazardous materials
3 Implementing green logistics 10 10%
practices
4 All of the above 60% 60%

Total 100 100%

CHA ENSURE COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRON-

MENTAL REGULATIONS AND SUSTAINABILITY
STANDARDS

10%

20%

60%
10%

Promoting eco-friendly transportation modes Ensuring proper disposal of hazardous materials

Implementing green logistics practices All of the above

Interpretation:

The above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 60% respondent are All the above, 10%
of respondent are Implementing green logistics practices, 20% of respondent are Ensuring
proper disposal of hazardous materials, , 10% of respondent are Promoting eco-friendly
transportation modes.

INFERENCE:

Majority (60%) of the respondents are ALL THE ABOVE.

 THE MAIN CHALLENGES FACED BY CUSTOMS HOUSE AGENTS IN
TODAY'S BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

S.NO Particulars No.of. Respondents Percentage%

1 Increasing regulatory 20 20%
complexity
2 Intense competition in the 20 20%
industry
3 Rapid technological 0 0%
advancements
4 All of the above 60 60%

Total 100 100

THE MAIN CHALLENGES FACED BY CUSTOMS

HOUSE AGENTS IN TODAY'S BUSINESS ENVIR-
ONMENT

20%

60% 20%

Increasing regulatory complexity Intense competition in the industry

Rapid technological advancements All of the above

Interpretation:

The above chart shows that out of 100 respondent, 60% respondent are All the above, 20%
of respondent are Increasing regulatory complexity, 20% of respondent are Intense
competition in the industry.

INFERENCE:

Majority (60%) of the respondents are ALL THE ABOVE.

 FINDING

• Both male and female are equal percentage of the respondents.

• Majority (80%) of the respondents are UNMARRIED.

• Majority (45%) of the respondents are UG and PG.

• Majority (60%) of the respondents are in 21 to 30 age group.

• Majority (60%) of the respondents are agree for primarily responsible for the transportation
of goods of respondents.

• Majority (50%) of the respondents are agree for cha handle documentation and regulatory
compliance for the import and export of respondents.

• Majority (50%) of the respondents are agree for freight forwarders responsible for the
physical movement of goods across borders of respondents.

• Majority (70%) of the respondents are strongly agree for customs clearance an essential step
in the international trade process of respondents.

• Majority (50%) of the respondents are agree for freight forwarding companies typically
offer warehousing and distribution services of respondents.

• Majority (50%) of the respondents are strongly agree for cha stay updated with the latest
import and export regulation of respondents.

• Majority (60%) of the respondents are strongly agree for technology play a significant role
in optimizing the operations of freight forwarding.

• Majority (40%) of the respondents are agree for freight forwarding and customs clearance
services usually outsourced by companies engaged in international trade.

• Majority (40%) of the respondents are agree for ffc and cha subject to regulations
depending on the countries they operate in.

• Majority (90%) of the respondents are strongly disagree for freight forwarding companies
will not collaborate with various transportation carriers to ensure timely delivery of goods.
• Majority (60%) of the respondents are Obtaining a license from the relevant regulatory authority
for the licensing requirements for customs house agents.

• Majority (70%) of the respondents are All the Technologies are being adopted by customs
house agents to enhance efficiency.

• Majority (40%) of the respondents are Optimizing operational efficiency for cha
competitive pricing with maintaining profitability.

• Majority (40%) of the respondents are All the above and Regular communication and
updates on shipment status are majority for cha build and maintain relationships with clients.

• Majority (50%) of the respondents are ALL THE Technologies for role does technology
play in the operations of customs house agents.

• Majority (50%) of the respondents are all the related to trade policies and regulations for
customs house agents adapt to changes in trade policies and regulations.
 SUGGESTIONS.

• Keep up to date with new technologies in the CHA and FREIGHT

FORWARDING industry.

• Collaborate with other customs agents to share knowledge and best practices

• Focus on continuous improvement and efficiency in your operations.

• Stay updated with the latest customs regulations and laws.

• Develop a strong network of contacts in the customs department.

• Stay updated on rules and regulations to avoid conflict with customs.

• Use technology to track where shipments are and share that info with

customers.

• Team up with transportation companies and customs officials to make sure

everything runs smoothly.

• Be ready to answer questions and give updates to customers fast.

• Use good security to protect shipments from damage or theft.

• Always look for ways to do things better and learn from mistakes.

• Keep finances clear and fair to build trust with customers.

• Customer service to be improve to increase the responsiveness in dealing with

the client.
 CONCLUSION:

This present study revealed the factors affecting the forwarding and custom
process. Freight forwarding is the business that specialize in lowering costs and
facilitating the logistics of transportation whereas custom clearance facilitates
the export or import throughout the country’s, representing the clients during
examination, assessment, payment of duty and delivery of cargo from customs
after clearance. The variable of evaluation of forwarding and custom process
such as time, cost and communication. The factors such as time, cost and
communication, plays a major role in evaluating the forwarding and custom
process. Hence, if the company will try to follow the given suggestions and
recommendations then they can resolve the factors affecting the process and
improve their process more in future.
 QUESTIONNAIRE
1.Full Name

2.Gender

a) Male b) Female c) Prefer not to say

3.Martial Status

a) Married b) Unmarried c) Prefer not to say

4.Educational Qualifications

a) SSLC b) HSC c) UG d) PG

5.Age Group

a)10 to 20 b) 21 to 30 c) 31 to 40 d) Above 40

6. Is freight forwarding primarily responsible for the transportation of goods from one
location to another?

Agree Level: Strongly Agree / Agree / Neutral / Disagree / Strongly Disagree

Answer: Strongly Agree

7. Do customs house agents handle documentation and regulatory compliance for the import
and export of goods?

Agree Level: Strongly Agree / Agree / Neutral / Disagree / Strongly Disagree

Answer: Strongly Agree

8. Are freight forwarders responsible for the physical movement of goods across borders?

Agree Level: Strongly Agree / Agree / Neutral / Disagree / Strongly Disagree

Answer: Agree
9. Is customs clearance an essential step in the international trade process?

Agree Level: Strongly Agree / Agree / Neutral / Disagree / Strongly Disagree

Answer: Strongly Agree

10. Do freight forwarding companies typically offer warehousing and distribution services?

Agree Level: Strongly Agree / Agree / Neutral / Disagree / Strongly Disagree

Answer: Agree

11. Are customs house agents required to stay updated with the latest import and export
regulations?

Agree Level: Strongly Agree / Agree / Neutral / Disagree / Strongly Disagree

Answer: Strongly Agree

12. Do advancements in technology play a significant role in optimizing the operations of

freight forwarding companies?

Agree Level: Strongly Agree / Agree / Neutral / Disagree / Strongly Disagree

Answer: Strongly Agree

13. Are freight forwarding and customs clearance services usually outsourced by companies
engaged in international trade?

Agree Level: Strongly Agree / Agree / Neutral / Disagree / Strongly Disagree

Answer: Agree

14. Are freight forwarding companies and customs house agents subject to different sets of
regulations depending on the countries they operate in?

Agree Level: Strongly Agree / Agree / Neutral / Disagree / Strongly Disagree

Answer: Strongly Agree

15. Do freight forwarding companies will not collaborate with various transportation carriers
to ensure timely delivery of goods?

Agree Level: Strongly Agree / Agree / Neutral / Disagree / Strongly Disagree

Answer: Strongly Disagree

16.What is the role of a customs house agent in international trade?

a) Facilitating customs clearance procedures

b) Handling documentation for import and export

c) Ensuring compliance with customs regulations

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

17.What are the licensing requirements for customs house agents?

a) A degree in international trade

b) Passing a licensing exam conducted by customs authorities

c) Minimum years of experience in the field

d) Obtaining a license from the relevant regulatory authority

Answer: d) Obtaining a license from the relevant regulatory authority

18.What technologies are being adopted by customs house agents to enhance efficiency?

a) Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

b) Automated Customs Clearance Systems

c) Blockchain technology for secure documentation

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

19.What strategies do customs house agents employ to ensure compliance with import/export
regulations?

a) Regular training of staff on regulatory updates

b) Utilizing compliance management software

c) Conducting thorough document audits

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

20.How do customs house agents balance competitive pricing with maintaining profitability?

a) Offering value-added services

b) Negotiating lower tariffs with customs authorities

c) Optimizing operational efficiency

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

21.How do customs house agents build and maintain relationships with clients?

a) Providing personalized customer service

b) Regular communication and updates on shipment status

c) Offering advisory services on trade regulations

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

22.What role does technology play in the operations of customs house agents?

a) Streamlining documentation processes

b) Enhancing tracking and visibility of shipments

c) Improving communication with customs authorities

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

23.How do customs house agents adapt to changes in trade policies and regulations?

a) Monitoring regulatory updates through industry associations

b) Conducting regular training programs for staff

c) Collaborating with legal experts for compliance advice

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

24.How do customs house agents ensure compliance with environmental regulations and
sustainability standards?

a) Promoting eco-friendly transportation modes

b) Ensuring proper disposal of hazardous materials

c) Implementing green logistics practices

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

25.What are the main challenges faced by customs house agents in today's business
environment?

a) Increasing regulatory complexity

b) Intense competition in the industry

c) Rapid technological advancements

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

To review, to improve, and allign with title