Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY249

Blockchain based Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

Management System
H. Gouthami1 (Assistant Professor) Saripalli Venkata Rama Manaswitha2
Department of Computer Science Engineering with Department of Computer Science Engineering with
AI &ML GVPCEW(JNTUK) AI &ML GVPCEW(JNTUK)
Visakhapatnam, India Visakhapatnam, India

Rudraraju Kavya Sree3 Yadida Alekhya4

Department of Computer Science Engineering with Department of Computer Science Engineering with
AI &ML GVPCEW(JNTUK) AI &ML) GVPCEW(JNTUK)
Visakhapatnam, India Visakhapatnam, India

Kadali Anusha5
Department of Computer Science Engineering with
AI &ML GVPCEW(JNTUK)
Visakhapatnam, India

Abstract:- This initiative will use blockchain technology provides an immutable record of transactions, assuring
to address issues and inefficiencies in the pharmaceutical transparency, security, and traceability. By adding
supply chain. The traditional pharmaceutical supply blockchain into the pharmaceutical supply chain, the
chain is vulnerable to problems such as counterfeiting, initiative hopes to transform the industry's operating
data inconsistencies, and a lack of transparency.The dynamics, increasing efficiency and reinforcing stakeholder
proposed solution uses a decentralized and transparent confidence.
blockchain technology to improve the entire traceability,
security, and efficiency of the supply chain. II. EASE OF USE

The solution uses smart contracts to automate and  Efficient Pharmaceutical Supply Chain System
enforce preset business rules, lowering the risk of A blockchain-based pharmaceutical supply chain
mistakes and fraud. Each transaction, from medicine management system provides a complete solution to the
manufacture to distribution and retail, is securely difficulties confronting the traditional supply chain. This
documented in an immutable ledger to provide a system intends to transform the pharmaceutical sector by
tamper-proof and genuine record. This degree of improving traceability, security, and transparency through
openness gives stakeholders, including as producers, the use of blockchain technology, smart contracts, and real-
distributors, and pharmacies, real-time information on time tracking.
the status and placement of pharmaceuticals.
 Maintaining the Integrity of the Specifications
Keywords:- Counterfeiting, Data Inconsistencies, Lack of By ensuring that all parties are using the most recent
Transperency, Decentralized, Traceability, Security, approved version of the specs, version control can help
Efficieny, Smart Contracts, Automation, Fraud Prevention, minimize disagreements arising from obsolete requirements.
Immutable Ledger, Tamper-Proof. Frequent audits of smart contracts check compliance and fix
flaws. Blockchain data is secured by data integrity
I. INTRODUCTION techniques like cryptographic hashing. Strict access controls
prevent harmful activity and unauthorized changes. These
The pharmaceutical sector has a complicated and procedures, which include data integrity checks, version
extensive supply chain that involves many parties, including control, smart contract audits, and access controls, all work
producers, distributors, wholesalers, and pharmacies. together to protect the supply chain management systems
However, this system is rife with problems, including as built on blockchain.
counterfeit pharmaceuticals, inadequate tracking, and a lack
of accountability. To solve these difficulties, this project
proposes the deployment of a Blockchain-Based
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Management System, which
would use blockchain technology's disruptive potential.
Blockchain is a decentralized and distributed ledger that

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Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY249

III. UNVEILING PHARMACY STRATEGIES  Ignoring Privacy Concerns: Failure to address privacy
WITH BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY concerns about patient data and sensitive information can
result in breaches of confidentiality and trust.
Using blockchain technology in pharmaceutical tactics  Failure to develop continuous monitoring and
has several advantages. Blockchain lowers the danger of maintenance routines can result in system downtime,
counterfeiting by allowing real-time pharmaceutical product performance concerns, and lost chances for
tracking, which improves supply chain transparency. By improvement.
confirming the legitimacy of the medication, drug  Avoiding these common mistakes requires thorough
authentication using blockchain protects patient safety. The planning, collaboration with stakeholders, compliance
cryptographic properties of blockchain ensure the security of with regulations, attention to data quality and security,
patient data, promoting confidence and adherence to data scalability planning, interoperability considerations, user
protection laws. In order to reduce mistakes and guarantee education, privacy protection, and ongoing monitoring
regulatory compliance, smart contracts automate compliance and maintenance efforts.
duties. Blockchain-enabled decentralized healthcare
applications and medical record access boost patient
involvement. Blockchain's decentralized data sharing
platform makes healthcare systems more interoperable.
Real- time reporting and blockchain traceability improve
pharmacovigilance and recall management. Unchangeable
records and clear audit trails improve the prevention of
fraud. By fostering efficiency, security, and transparency,
integrating these tactics transforms the healthcare sector.

 Abbreviations and Acronyms

BPSMS: Blockchain-Based Pharmaceutical Supply
Chain Management System,T&T: Transparency and
Traceability, DL:Decentralized Ledger,BC: Blockchain
Compliance,SCV: Stakeholder Visibility,SCA: Smart
Contract Automation,TR: Tamper-Resistant,I&A: Integrity
and Authenticity,Q&A: Quality and Authentication,RB:
Recall Management,P&S: Public Safety.

 Typical Mistakes in the Development of Pharmaceutical

supply chain management system

 Inadequate Understanding of Requirements: Failure to

fully comprehend the unique requirements and problems
of the pharmaceutical supply chain might result in the
creation of a solution that does not sufficiently fulfill
industry demands.
 Lack of Stakeholder Involvement:Not including Key
stakeholders like pharmaceutical manufacturers,
distributors, regulatory agencies, and healthcare
providers early in the development process might lead to Fig 1 Use Case Diagram
unsatisfactory solutions.
 Ignoring or misunderstanding regulatory rules and IV. MATERIALS AND METHODS
compliance standards in the pharmaceutical sector can
result in legal problems and impediments to adoption. Blockchain technology is transforming the
 Poor Data Quality: Failure to pay attention to data pharmaceutical business, where safety, traceability, and
quality and integrity can lead to erroneous or unreliable transparency are key.
information being recorded on the blockchain, eroding
the system's reliability. A Blockchain-Based Pharmaceutical Supply Chain
 Weak Security Measures: Insufficient security measures, Management System provides a novel answer to the
such as data encryption, access controls, and secure industry's complicated difficulties by using blockchain's
authentication, might leave the system vulnerable to decentralized and secure nature.
cyber attacks.
 Failure to guarantee compatibility with current systems Blockchain Network: A distributed ledger is
and standards might impede data flow and cooperation implemented utilizing a blockchain platform of choice (for
across the supply chain ecosystem. example, Ethereum or Hyperledger). The network has nodes
representing several stakeholders, including producers,
distributors, wholesalers, and pharmacies.

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Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY249

Smart Contracts: Self-executing contracts that are  Security components include cryptographic libraries for
programmed with business rules to automate tasks like order hashing and encryption, access control systems, and
processing, compliance checks, and recall management. secure communication protocols. These components all
Smart contracts are implemented on the blockchain network. help to protect sensitive data.
User Interface: Gives stakeholders a user-friendly way to
engage with the system. This interface enables real-time  Integration Components: Help link the blockchain-based
monitoring, traceability, and access to pertinent data. system to current supply chain systems. API interfaces,
middleware, and data mapping components are all meant
Traceability and Provenance :Improving traceability to facilitate data interchange.
and transparency is a key goal. Stakeholders get complete
insight into the provenance of pharmaceutical items, from  Recall Management Components: Include triggers
manufacture to sale, by securely recording each transaction incorporated in smart contracts, notification channels,
on the blockchain and integrating real-time tracking systems and methods for securely removing recalled items. These
using unique IDs and QR codes. components enable quick and precise recall responses.

Ensuring the security and privacy of sensitive data is B. Dataset

crucial in any system. Cryptographic techniques such as Creating a complete dataset for a Blockchain-Based
hashing and encryption are used to protect data stored on Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Management System entails
blockchains. Access control techniques are designed to gathering and organizing essential data on pharmaceutical
prevent illegal access, and extensive testing guarantees items, supply chain transactions, and stakeholders.
resistance to cyber attacks.
 Pharmaceutical Product Information: Attributes:
A strong recall management system is vital for
addressing quality concerns. Recall triggers are connected  Product ID: A unique identification assigned to each
into smart contracts to automatically identify impacted pharmaceutical product.
batches. Communication channels are built to rapidly alert  Product Name: The name of the medicinal item.
stakeholders and customers, allowing for the secure removal  Batch ID: Identifies a specific production batch of the
of recalled items from the supply chain. product.
 Manufacturing Date: The date when the batch was
The project will entail designing and implementing a
manufactured.
blockchain network specifically for the pharmaceutical
 Expiry Date: The date until which the product is
supply chain. Smart contracts will be created to automate
considered safe for use.
essential procedures, and a user-friendly interface will make
it easier to engage with the system. Integration with current  Composition: List of active ingredients in the product.
supply chain technology and protocols will be examined to Manufacturer: The company or entity that produced the
provide a smooth implementation. batch.

A. Different Components

 Blockchain Node: Every supply chain participant

functions as a node in the blockchain network. Nodes
maintain a copy of the distributed ledger and participate
in the consensus mechanism that validates transactions.

 Smart Contract Compiler: Translates high-level business Fig 2 Product Application Data
rules into executable smart contracts. This component
guarantees that smart contracts appropriately depict the  Supply Chain Transaction Data: Attributes:
supply chain's prescribed procedures.
 Transaction ID: A unique identifier for each supply
 User Interface Components: Include components for chain transaction.
real- time monitoring, traceability visualization, and
 From: The sender or source of the product in the
blockchain interaction. These components give
transaction. To: The recipient or destination of the
stakeholders a smooth and intuitive experience.
product in the transaction.
 Timestamp: The date and time when the transaction
 Traceability Mechanism Components: Include the use of
occurred. Quantity: The quantity of products involved in
unique IDs, QR code generators, and RFID tag readers at
the transaction.
various phases of the supply chain. These components
 Transporter: The entity responsible for transporting the
work together to securely capture and store product
products.
information on the blockchain.
 Location: The physical location or address associated
with the transaction.

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Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY249

C. Tested Environment leverages React, which handles client-side rendering and

Blockchain Platform: Ganache is a popular tool in the interactions.
Ethereum ecosystem for local creation and testing of
Ethereum-based applications such as smart contracts and Node.js is a server-based JavaScript runtime
decentralized apps (dApps). It creates a personal Ethereum environment. Developers may run JavaScript code on the
blockchain that can be operated locally on your system, server, allowing for server-side logic, data processing, and
allowing developers to interact with the blockchain in a safe database integration. Node.js is the runtime environment for
environment without having to connect to the main MERN applications' backends, which include the server and
Ethereum network. API handlers.

React: A JavaScript library for building user interfaces. MongoDB is a NoSQL database that stores information
It employs a component-based design, allowing developers in a flexible, JSON-like manner. It is ideal for managing
to create reusable UI components while successfully unstructured or semi-structured data, with scalability and
managing state. MERN app's front-end development high availability. MongoDB serves as the database
component of the MERN stack.

Fig 3 Mongodb Database

D. Proposed System

Fig 4 Proposed Model Flow

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Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY249

 External entities that engage with the system include V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
pharmacies, manufacturers, distributors, and regulators.
The Blockchain rectangle contains the main process and In this work, we provide a web-based supply chain
essential blockchain functionality. management system built on Blockchain technology.
 SmartContract is a sub-process of Blockchain that
manages transactions and data validation. The user or the one who wishes to seek information
BlockChainData stores blockchain data securely. about the pharma product can enter the product ID in our
 Data flows are shown with arrows showing their web interface and he will get entire details regarding the
direction of movement: product from the ingredients used to the end of the pharma
life cycle. The information entered by the user will not be
External entities send transactions to the Smart exposed to the 3rd party as our project is specifically meant
Contract for processing. for data security and integrity.

The Smart Contract securely performs transactions and To experimentally assess the efficacy and impact of
maintains data on the blockchain. integrating blockchain technology into the supply chain
Regulators can seek data from Smart Contracts for management system described, we conducted a series of
regulatory purposes. tests and analyses focusing on several key aspects:

Blockchain Platform: It serves as the foundational  Data Integrity and Security:

technology for building a decentralized and secure ledger We evaluated the system's ability to maintain data
that records transactions in the pharmaceutical supply chain. integrity and security throughout the supply chain process.
By leveraging blockchain, each transaction and data update
Ethereum: A widely used public blockchain platform is cryptographically linked and stored in a decentralized
that supports smart contracts. It uses a Proof of Stake (PoS) ledger, ensuring transparency and immutability.
consensus mechanism.
Our experimental results demonstrated that blockchain
Solidity (for Ethereum): A programming language significantly reduces the risk of data tampering or
intended exclusively for creating smart contracts on the manipulation at various stages of the supply chain.Even if
Ethereum network. It includes capabilities like inheritance, one node in the network is hacked, blockchain's distributed
libraries, and complicated data structures. structure ensures that data integrity is maintained.

Fig 6 Order Status and Tracking

This is how the supply chain works in the application

making the application more traceable.

 Traceability and Transparency:

We looked at how blockchain improves traceability
and transparency throughout the supply chain ecosystem.
The blockchain records and timestamps the route of each
product, from raw material procurement to end customer.

In our trials, we discovered that stakeholders can easily

trace the origin of items, verify their legitimacy, and follow
Fig 5 Sequence Diagram their movement in real time. This transparency builds
confidence amongst players and allows for efficient
monitoring of the whole supply chain process.

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Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY249

 Resilience and Redundancy:

We investigated the resilience and redundancy
provided by blockchain in mitigating single points of failure
and enhancing system reliability. The decentralized nature
of blockchain ensures that there is no central authority
vulnerable to attacks or system failures.

Through stress tests and simulations, we confirmed

that the supply chain system remains operational even in the
face of network disruptions or malicious attacks.
Blockchain's redundancy mechanisms guarantee continuity
and minimize disruptions in the flow of goods and
information.

 Cost-effectiveness and Scalability:

We evaluated the cost-effectiveness and scalability
implications of blockchain adoption. By eliminating
intermediaries, reducing paperwork, and streamlining
processes, blockchain offers potential cost savings across the
Fig 7 Blockchain Accounts supply chain.

 Efficiency and Automation: Our experiments demonstrated that blockchain scales

We assessed the efficiency gains and automation effectively to accommodate growing transaction volumes
capabilities facilitated by blockchain integration. Smart and expanding networks of stakeholders. The modular
contracts, deployed on the blockchain, automate contractual architecture of the system allows for seamless integration
agreements and streamline transaction processes. with existing infrastructure and future scalability
enhancements.
Our experimental findings indicated that smart
contracts expedite order processing, payment settlements,
and inventory management tasks. This automation reduces
manual intervention, minimizes errors, and accelerates the
fulfillment of orders across different modules of the supply
chain.

Fig 9 Blockchain Deployment

Finally, our experimental results highlight blockchain

technology's disruptive potential in supply chain
management. Blockchain serves as a foundation for
developing a resilient and transparent supply chain
ecosystem capable of addressing modern commerce
expectations by improving security, traceability, efficiency,
resilience, and scalability.

VI. CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion,the Blockchain-Based Pharmaceutical

Supply Chain Management System is a reliable solution for
solving the complex difficulties of the pharmaceutical
supply chain. Blockchain technology enables unparalleled
transparency, security, and traceability across the whole
product lifecycle. This project has effectively used
blockchain's decentralized and irreversible nature to create
confidence among stakeholders, maintaining the integrity of
vital data such as batch submissions, product tracking, and
recall management. The extensive literature analysis has
proved the need for such novel solutions in the
Fig 8 Blockchain Transaction Details pharmaceutical industry, highlighting the influence on

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ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY249

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