Aircraft Maintenance Questions and Answers – Fundamentals – Air Frame

This set of Aircraft Maintenance Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Fundamentals – Air Frame”.

1. Airframe of an aircraft is its __________ structure.

a) Electrical
b) Mechanical
d) Hydraulic

2. Why does the landing gear retract into the wings and/or fuselage during flight?
a) To decrease drag
b) To increase airspeed
d) To generate more thrust

3. Which of the following is not a part of the airframe?

a) Fuselage
b) Wing
d) Landing gear

5. What material is used for aircraft fuselage?

a) Aluminum alloys
b) Titanium alloys
c) Silver alloys

6. Wings are responsible for creating lift.

a) True
b) False

7. Landing gears are also known as __________

a) Stabilizers
b) Empennage
c) Undercarriage

8. Which of the following is not true about an airframe made with carbon-fiber composite?
a) Decreases drag
b) Decreases thrust
c) Higher cabin pressurization

9. Which of the following supports an aircraft on the ground?

a) Rudder
b) Engines
d) Landing gear

12. What do winglets do?

a) Increase thrust
b) Reduce turbulence at the tips of an airplane’s wings
d) Increase turbulence at the tips of an airplane’s wings

13. The earliest aircraft were constructed primarily of __________

a) Steel
b) Aluminum
d) Wood

14. Stabilizing tail is also known as __________

a) Rudder
b) Empennage
c) Aileron

15. Which of the following is not a retraction system for landing gear?
a) Hydraulic retraction system
b) Thermal retraction system
c) Manual retraction system
1. The three critical flight dynamics parameters are?
a) Roll, pitch and yaw
b) Roll, pitch and jaw
c) Roll, play and yaw
d) Roll, play and jaw

2. What happens if an aircraft yaws about its center of gravity?

a) A sideslip angle arises
b) Aircraft will crash
c) Aircraft will start descending
d) Angle of attack increases

4. Which of the following is not an aerodynamic coefficient?

a) Pressure coefficient
b) Absolute temperature
c) Lift coefficient
d) Drag coefficient

5. Which of the following is not true about yaw?

a) About the vertical body axis
b) Positive with the nose to starboard
c) Measured in Hertz
d) Type of rotation

7. The equilibrium roll angle is known as __________

a) Roll angle
b) Angle of incidence
c) Zero bank angle

9. Control systems adjust the orientation of a vehicle about its __________

a) Pitch
b) Wheels
c) Centre of mass
d) Centre of gravity

10. An aircraft adjusts the lift generated by the wings when it pitches nose up or down by adjusting the angle of attack.
a) True
b) False

11. Spacecraft flight dynamics does not involve which of the following forces?
a) Propulsive force
b) Gravitational force
c) Electromagnetic force
d) Lift and drag

12. What are the major sources of change in the aerodynamic forces and moments applied to an aircraft?
a) Angle of attack of the wing and the angle of attack
b) Angle of attack of the wing and the angle of attack of the vertical tail
c) Angle of attack of the wing and the angle of incidence
d) Angle of incidence and the angle of attack of the vertical tail

13. Aircrafts are streamlined from nose to tail to reduce __________

a) Turbulence
c) Gravitational force
d) Drag

14. Angle of attack of the vertical tail is also known as __________

a) Sideslip angle
b) Critical angle
c) Zero bank angle
d) Angle of incidence

15. Which of the following aircraft systems includes an actuator?

a) Hydraulic systems
b) Electronic systems
c) Communication systems
d) Control systems
1. Drag is increased so as to __________
a) Slow the aircraft to a safe speed for landing
b) Decrease turbulence
c) Accelerate the aircraft to a safe speed for landing
d) Increase thrust

2. Which of the following controls the pitch of an aircraft?

a) Flaps
b) Rudder
c) Spoiler
d) Elevator

3. The combination of ailerons and elevators is called __________

a) Alevon
b) Spoiler
c) Elevon
d) Rudder

4. Which of the following is a part of the wing assembly of an aircraft?

a) Stabilizer
b) Edge flaps
c) Rudder
d) Elevator

5. The primary control of yaw is with the __________

a) Aileron
b) Elevator
c) Rudder
d) Elevon

6. An aircraft is turned right or left, using the aileron.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

9. Which of the following is not a secondary control?

a) Slats
b) Ailerons
c) Spoilers
d) Air brakes

1. Spoilers are also referred to as lift dumpers.

a) True
b) False

3. What is the rotation about longitudinal axis called?

a) Roll
b) Pitch
c) Yaw
d) Jaw

4. The rudder is a part of __________

a) Undercarriage
b) Empennage
c) APU
d) Engine

5. Which of the following is not a part of flight control systems?

a) Ailerons
b) Elevators
c) Radars
d) Flaps

6. What is the full form of FBW?

a) Fare-by-wire
b) Fuel-by-wire
c) Force-by-wire
d) Fly-by-wire

7. Why are flaps deflected downwards?

a) To decrease lift
b) To increase lift
c) To decrease the effective curvature of the wing
d) To increase the effective curvature of the wing

8. Which of the following axes passes from wingtip to wingtip through an aircraft?
a) Vertical axis
b) Horizontal axis
c) Transverse axis
d) Longitudinal axis

9. Airbrakes are used to increase __________

a) Lift
b) Drag
c) Pitch
d) Thrust
curved claw hammer
is used most often in a home for general carpentry and household chores.

straight claw (ripping hammer)

is more likely to be used by professionals to rip apart nailed wooden components.

Previous
Play
Next
Rewind 10 seconds
Move forward 10 seconds
Unmute
0:01
/
0:15
Full screen

Brainpower
Read More
Ball peen Hammers
are used with small shank, cold chisels for cutting and chipping work, rounding over rivet ends, forming unhardened
metal work and similar jobs not involving nails.

Hand drilling
weighing between 2 lbs. and 4 lbs., are easy to handle with a powerful punch.

Sledgehammers
are used for extremely heavy jobs where great force is required.

Mallets
have rubber, plastic, wooden or rawhide heads and are used to
drive chisels or hammer joints together.
Pliers
are designed to hold, turn and cut objects. They vary in length from 4" to 20". Some are available with factory applied,
plastic-coated handles, providing an attractive appearance and comfortable grip. However, these should not be relied
on
for electrical work.
slip or adjustable joint
enables the tool to adjust to the size of the object being held

Round nose pliers

are used to crimp metal. They are not made for heavy work because too much pressure will spring the jaws, which are
often wrapped to prevent scarring the metal

Duckbill pliers
They are used
exclusively for twisting safety wire. Resemble a "duck's bill" in that the jaws are thin and flat.

Needle nose pliers

have half round jaws of varying lengths. They are used to
hold objects and make adjustments in tight places.

Diagonal pliers
It is a short-jawed
cutter with a blade set at a slight angle on each jaw. It can be used to cut wire, rivets, small screws, and cotter pins,
besides being practically indispensable in
removing or installing safety wire.

duckbill pliers and the diagonal cutting pliers

are used extensively in aviation for the job of safety wiring.
Thin-nose pliers
Also called bent-nose pliers, since the nose is bent
at about an 80-degree angle for reaching around objects.
Wire Strippers
Feature adjustable stops to cut insulation without damaging wire.

Screwdrivers
are frequently abused as a tool. They should only be used for driving and
removing screws. They are not designed for scraping or mixing paint, cleaning pad eyes, prying
as a bar or chisel, or testing an electrical circuit

Regular or slotted tips

are used with large, heavy screws. The
tip is flared so it is wider than the driver bar. Quality drivers with
regular tips should be accurately ground for uniformity. Blades should
not taper too sharply from the tip because an improperly tapered tip has
a tendency to rise out of the screw slot.
Phillips head drivers
are used on cross-slotted screw heads with
modified, U-shaped slots of uniform width. Sizes range from 0 to 4, with 0
being the smallest.
Fearson screw heads
have cross-slots, but they are V-shaped slots with tapered sides.

Torx® drive system

provides six lobular drive surfaces mated from
lobes of the driving and driven elements. Drive surfaces have vertical sides that permit the maximum torque
application to assure
reliable clamping force

Punches
a hard metal rod with a shaped tip at one end and a blunt butt end at the other, which is
usually struck by a hammer.They are used to drive objects, such as nails, or to form an
impression of the tip on a work piece.
CENTER PUNCH
A drill bit has the tendency to "wander" if it
does not start in a recess. Forms a large enough dimple to "guide" the tip of the drill bit. They are primarily used as
roughing reamers.
DRIVE PIN PUNCH
It has a flat tip which may be tapered. These are used to remove straight or tapered pins.

PRICK PUNCH
Similar to a center punch but used for marking out. It has a sharper angled tip to produce a narrower and deeper
point. The mark can then be enlarged with a center punch for drilling.

ALIGNMENT PUNCH
Used to line up mating parts
for assembly. It has a narrow, tapered flat point.

Starting Punch
It has a strong tapered point capable of resisting applied force. It is used to start the removal of a pin for assembly.

Wrench
a tool used to provide grip and mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn objects
usually rotary fasteners, such as nuts and bolts or keep them from turning.
Combination Wrench
a double-ended tool with one end being like an open-end wrench or open-ended spanner, and the other end being like
a box-end wrench or ring spanner. Both ends generally fit the same size of bolts.

Open End Wrench

A one-piece wrench with a U-shaped opening that grips two opposite faces of the bolt or nut. This wrench is often
double-ended, with a different-sized opening at each end. The ends are generally oriented at an angle of around 15
degrees to the longitudinal axis of the handle. This allows a greater range of movement in enclosed spaces by flipping
the wrench over.
Box End Wrench
A one-piece wrench with an enclosed opening that grips the faces
of the bolt or nut.

Speed Handle
Used for rapid removal and installation of nuts or bolts, which are out in the open and have little or no torque.

Socket
Type of wrench, or tightening tool, that uses separate, removable sockets
to fit many different sizes of fittings and fasteners, most commonly nuts and bolts.

Ratchet Handle
Have either straight- head or a flex head. Both types have a selection lever on top of the head to determine the
direction of drive.

Extension Bar
it is a solid steel bar which can be added between a ratchet and socket
to extend the range of the socket and gain access to bolts situated deep down
in the engine bay or other difficult areas.

Snips
Hand tools used to cut sheet metal and other tough webs. There are two broad
categories: tinner's snips, which are similar to common scissors, and compound-action snips,
which use a compound leverage handle system to increase the mechanical advantage
Straight Snips
Have straight jaws for straight line cutting To ensure
strength, they are not pointed. These snips are made in various sizes
and the jaws may vary from 2 to 4 1/2inches The overall length will
also vary from 7 to 153/4 inches The different size snips are made to cut different thicknesses of
metal with 18 gauge of steel as a minimum for larger snips. These snips are available for right
or left-hand use.

Circle Snips
Have curved blades and are used for making
circular cuts, as the name implies. They come in the
same sizes and capacities asa straight snips and either
right- or left- hand types are available.

Hawks Bill Snips

Used to cut a small radius inside and outside a circle. It has a 20 gauge mild steel capacity.

Trojan Snips
Used for straight or curved cutting. The blades are small enough to allow
sharp turning cuts without buckling metal. These snips can be used to cut
outside curves and can be also be used in place of circle, hawk's bill, aviation snips when
cutting inside curves.

Aviation Snips
Developed to cut aluminum in the construction
of aircraft. They can handle aluminum up to 18 gauge,
mild steel up to 24 gauge or stainless steel up to 26
gauge. These type of snips have become the most
popular because of the linkage that increases the
mechanical advantage without increasing the length of
the snips. There are three cutting styles: straight cutting, left cutting, and right cutting.

Files
metalworking and woodworking tool used to cut fine amounts of material from a
workpiece. It most commonly refers to the hand tool style, which takes the form of
a hardened steel bar with a series of sharp, parallel ridges, called teeth.

single cut file

double-cut file
curved tooth file

Taps and Dies

cutting tools used to create screw threads, which is called threading.
Tap
is used to cut the female portion of the mating pair (e.g., a nut).
die
is used to cut the male portion of
the mating pair (e.g., a screw).
Bottoming Tap
has a continuous cutting edge with almost no
taper between 1 and 1.5 threads of taper is typical.

Taper Tap
has a more pronounced taper to the cutting edges.
Reamers
a metalworking tool used to create an accurate sized hole. They
may be used as a hand tool or in a machine tool, such as a milling machine or drill press
Adjustable Hand Reamer
an cover a small range of sizes. They are
generally referenced by a letter which equates to a size range.
Straight Reamer (Presicion)
is used to make only a minor enlargement to a hole. The entry end of the reamer will have a slight taper, the length of
which will depend on its type.
hand reamer
This is to compensate for the difficulty of starting a hole by hand power alone. It also allows the reamer to start straight
and reduce the risk of breakage. The flutes may be straight or spiral
Machine Reamer
only has a very slight lead in. There is no risk of it wandering off
course. In addition the constant cutting force that can be applied by the machine ensures that it starts cutting
immediately.

Rose Reamer
They are primarily used as roughing reamers. It has no relief on the periphery and is offset by a back taper to prevent
binding.
Shell Reamer
are designed for reaming bearing and other
similar items. They are fluted almost their whole length.
precision tapered reamer
It is used to make a tapered hole to later receive a tapered pin. They may be driven into the tapered hole such that
removal can only be done with a hammer and punch.
Morse Taper Reamer
is used manually to finish morse taper sleeves. These sleeves are a tool used to hold machine cutting tools or holders
in the
spindles of machines such as a drill or milling machine. The reamer shown is a
finishing reamer. A roughing reamer would have serrations along the flutes to
break up the thicker chips produced by the heavier cutting action used for it.
combination reamer
has two or more cutting
surfaces. Is precision ground into
a pattern that resembles the part's multiple internal diameters.
Tapered Reamer (Non-Precision)
may be used cleaning burrs
from a drilled hole, or to enlarge a hole.
Impact Wrench
is a socket wrench power tool designed to deliverhigh torque output with minimal exertion by the user, by storing
energy in a rotating mass, then delivering it suddenly to the output shaft.

reciprocating saw
is a type of saw in which the
cutting action is achieved through a push and pull
reciprocating motion of the blade.Is commonly assigned to a type of
saw used in construction and demolition work.

air compressors
are used in 5 main applications:
To supply a high-pressure clean air to fill gas
cylinders
To supply a moderate-pressure clean air to supply air
to a submerged surface supplied diver
To supply a large amount of moderate-pressure air to
power pneumatic tools
For filling tires
To produce large volumes of moderate-pressure air for macroscopic industrial processes
(such as oxidation for petroleum coking or cement plant bag house purge systems)

Heat Gun
is a device used to emit a stream of hot air.

Grinding Machine
a type of machining using an abrasive wheel as the cutting tool. Each grain of abrasive on the wheel's surface cuts a
small chip from the workpiece via shear deformation.
Scroll Saw
is a small electric or pedal operated saw useful for cutting intricate curves where a jigsaw or coping saw is not
appropriate; it is capable of creating curves with edges. It is
somewhat similar to a band saw, but unlike band saws, in which the saw blade is a continuous
loop

Abrassive Saw
also known as a cutoff saw or metal chop saw, is a power tool which is typically used to cut hard materials, such as
metals. The cutting action is performed by an abrasive disc, similar to a thin grinding wheel. The saw generally has a
built-in vise or other clamping arrangement, and has the cutting wheel and motor mounted on a pivoting arm attached
to a fixed base plate.

cold saw
is sawing machine that uses a circular saw blade to cut metal. The name comes from the cutting process they employ.
These sawing machines transfer the heat generated by cutting to the chips created by the saw blade. Therefore, the
blade and material
being cut remain cold, unlike an abrasive saw, which abrades the metal and creates a great deal
of heat in the metal and cutting blade

Throatless Shear
is a cutting tool used to make complex straight and curved cuts in sheet metal. Takes its name from the fact that the
metal can be freely moved around the cutting blade (it does not have a throat down which metal must be
fed), allowing great flexibility in shapes that can be cut.

Bench Grinder
is a type of benchtop
grinding machine used to drive abrasive wheels.
These types of grinders are commonly used to hand grind cutting tools and perform other rough grinding

Lathe
is a machine tool which spins the workpiece to
perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, or deformation with tools that are applied to the
workpiece to create an object which has symmetry about an axis of rotation. Are used in
woodturning, metalworking, metal spinning, and glassworking. They can be used to shape
pottery, the best-known design being the potter's wheel.
brake
is a metalworking machine that allows the bending of sheet metal. it only allows for simple bends and creases, while a
box-and-pan brake also allows one to form box and pan shapes.
Steel rules
are used for general measurements. are usually 150mm, 300mm or 600 mm in length and are graduated in
millimetres and centimetres. Some have millimetres on one side and inches on the other.

Vernier callipers
external jaws can measure outside diameters, inside diameters thickness and length. This one is being used to make
measurements for replacing a valve seat
insert in a cylinder head.

External jaws
can be used to measure external diameters.
Internal jaws
can be used to measure gaps and internal diameters.
depth gauge
measures steps, heights, and the depth of holes or recesses.
combination square
A combination square is one of the most useful measuring tools for sheet metal construction and repair. Aside from
the stock head, which is commonly found on a combination set, a protractor and center head may be included.
dividers
These tools are handy for spacing rivets in a row and for transferring distances when duplicating parts. They may also
be used to transfer measurements from a full-scale drawing to a layout on an actual metal part.
Scribes
should be used only to mark the cut-off lines on sheet metal. As a result of scratches in soft sheet metal, stresses can
concentrate from vibrations at the scratch, eventually causing the metal to crack. To prevent this from occurring, lines
that will remain on the metal should be made with a soft felt tip marker, or soft pencil.
transfer punch
s primarily used to mark the center of rivet holes when using an old skin as a pattern.
pin punch
has a flat tip and a uniform shank that is available in several different sizes.
THE QUESTIONS
Question 1: Plastic covered handles on wire-cutting pliers may be used to cut low-voltage live electrical wire. (True)
(False)

Question 2: When tightening a nut with an adjustable wrench, always pull the wrench toward you; never push the
wrench away from you. (True) (False)

Question 3: Claw hammers may be used to strike wood chisels. (True) (False)

Question 4: When wood splitting, the flat striking face of an axe may be used to strike a wood splitting wedge. (True)
(False)

Question 5: Screwdrivers may be used for purposes other than driving or removing screws, such as prying open can
lids. (True) (False)

Question 6: Vises should always be secured to the workbench with screws. (True) (False)

Question 7: Snips are permissible for cutting wire. (True) (False)

Question 8: Open-end wrenches may be used to free a frozen nut. (True) (False)

Question 9: A proper use of the ball pein hammer is striking chisels and punches. (True) (False)

Question 10: Safety goggles should always be worn whenever you are using hand tools. (True) (False)

THE ANSWERS:
Question 1: False. Plastic cover handles are for comfort only. Always cut off electrical power before cutting.

Question 2: True. Pulling gives better leverage and balance. Most importantly, the force of the pulling should be on the
fixed jaw.

Question 3: False. Claw hammers are for driving and removing nails only.

Question 4: False. Only sledge hammers or wood-splitting mauls should be used to strike wood-splitting wedges.

Question 5: False. Screwdrivers must be used only to tighten or remove screws and for no other purpose.

Question 6: False. Never screwed. Bolted is correct.

Question 7: False. Wire cutters are correct. Snips are for cutting sheet metal.

Question 8: False. Box open is the correct wrench.

Question 9: True. Ball pein hammers are specifically hardened to strike chisels and punches.

Question 10: True. Safety goggles should always be worn when working with hand tools to prevent eye injury.
1. Jet engines are classified into _______ types.
a) 5
b) 4
c) 3
d) 2
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Jet engines are classified into five types. They are
Turboshafts
Turbo jets
Turbo props
Turbofans
Propfan.

2. Jet engines works on ______ cycle.

a) brayton
b) dual
c) dual
d) otto
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Jet engines works on brayton cycle. Gasoline engines works on the otto cycle.

3. __________ bypass turbo fan engines are used in sub sonic flights.
a) Medium
b) Low
c) High
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: High bypass turbo fan engines are used in sub sonic flights. High bypass turbo fan engines produce more
power output.

advertisement
4. Jet engines works from newton’s law of motion.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Jet engines works from newton’s law of motion.

5. Turbofans gives more efficiency when the speed is ______ than the mach speed.
a) greater
b) less
c) equal
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Turbofans efficiency decreases when the speed exceeds the mach number.

Note: Join free Sanfoundry classes at Telegram or Youtube

6. _________ compressors are used in turbojets.

a) Axial
b) Radial
c) Axial & Radial
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Turbojets use axial or centrifugal compressors. Centrifugal compressors pressurizes the working fluid by
centrifugal principle.

7. ____________ compressors can be used in turbojets.

a) Radial
b) Centrifugal
c) Radial & Centrifugal
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Both centrifugal or axial compressors can be used in turbo jets.
8. Internal energy in the fuel is converted into __________ of the exhaust in turbojets.
a) kinetic energy
b) pressure energy
c) kinetic & pressure energy
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Internal energy in the fuel is converted into kinetic energy of the exhaust in turbojets. Compressors convert
internal energy of the fluid into velocity and hence kinetic energy is increased.

9. Gas generator core is used in turbo fans.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Gas generator cores are used to convert internal energy of the gas to kinetic energy of the exhaust.

10. Jet engines have ________ shafts.

a) single
b) multiple
c) single or multiple
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Jet engines may have multiple shafts depending on their energy requirements.