FIBER OPTICAL NETWORK

 FTTH – Fiber to the Home

 FTTB – Fiber to the Building or Business
 FTTC/N – Fiber ti the Curb/Node
 FTTP – Fiber to the Premise
 Direct fiber – this is recommended for small service areas where excellent bandwidth is
required
 Shared fiber – an Active Optical Network or Passive Optical Network splits the fiber into
customer-specific fibers

Underground fiber optic installation methods

 Microtrenching – shallow trench of less than 15cms

 Mole plowing – use in rural areas, including farmland. Requires specialize equipment to
plow a hole in the ground and simultaneously install the cable straight into the hole
 Directional drilling - to get into tight spaces, this method requires a drill operator and
locating equipment operator as part of the crew
 Impact mowing - unlike guided directional drilling, impact moling uses a launch pit and
catch pit to work in straight lines.

Fiber optic conduit specifications: minimum inside diameter

 0.75 inches for single-mode fiber

 0.50 inches for multi-mode fiber

A Beginner’s Guide to Fiber Optic Installation

1. Fiber Optic Installation

2. Fiber Optic Requirements
3. FOC works: Single-mode requires a laser to generate light; multi-mode cables rely on light-
emitting diodes (LED)
4. Fiber optic cable bend radius
5. Fiber optic cable blowing procedure
6. Fiber optic cable color code: EIA/TIA-598 fiber color-coding system
7. Fiber optic installation underground

8. Fiber optic installation process: FOC are installed using either a pulling or blowing
technique

a. Cable pulling is where the cable is pulled into place using winch or other mechanical
device
b. Cable blowing uses compressed air to push the cable into place

9. Fiber optic cable armored

10. Fiber optic cable diameter: (OD, CD, CCD)
11. Fiber optic cable extender
12. Fiber optic cable range
13. Fiber optic cable speed
14. Fiber optic cable types: e.g. Cisco Meraki, Aruba, Rucks
15. How to connect FOC
16. How to terminate FOC
17. How to fiber optic installation
18. How to splice FOC

19. FOC tester

A fiber optic cable tester is a device used to test the quality of a fiber optic cable. It can be
used to test for continuity, measure the attenuation of the cable, or measure the reflectance.
These tests are carried out by sending a pulse of light down the fiber optic cable. The
measurements in each test can identify any problems with the cable or connection.

20. Why fiber optic cable is used

Networking professionals choose fiber optic cables over copper due to the promise of a
reliable service. If you’re building a long-distance network or require heavy bandwidth and
high speeds, then fiber optic cables are the clear choice. Although a greater upfront
investment is often required with fiber optics cables, carrying pulses of light rather than
electrical pulses creates a secure and more efficient service.

21. Fiber optic application

a. Fiber optic cable for internet

One of the most common uses for fiber optic cables is broadband connectivity. Fiber
optic cables can transmit data at much higher speeds than traditional copper cables,
making them ideal for use in high-speed internet connections. Fiber optic cables are
also much less susceptible to interference than copper cables, making them more
reliable for data transmission.

b. Fiber optic for cable for TV

c. Fiber optic cable for router
d. Fiber optic cable for internet connection

Common fiber optic cabling application:

  Data centers
 Telecom installations
 Internet service providers (ISPs)
 Enterprise networks

e. Fiber optic cable for modem

f. Fiber optic for Ethernet

You can incorporate fiber optic cabling within an ethernet network, often to extend
a LAN beyond its limit. To connect a fiber optic cable, you’ll need a fiber modem to
change the digital signal to an analog form that can be transported over fiber.

g. Fiber optic cable in computer network

Fiber optic cables can be used in computer networking for both local area networks
(LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). A LAN is a collection of devices, such as
computers and printers that are all connected and share resources.

A WAN is a much larger network that can span multiple locations. In a WAN
environment, fiber optic cabling is used to connect different LANs. This type of
connection is known as a backbone connection. These are typically made between
two buildings or over long distances. Your fiber optic cabling will carry data
between them.

h. Fiber optic cable and conduit

22. Why are fiber optic cables better than copper?

Fiber optic cables are made of glass and can transmit data much faster than the
alternative of copper cables. They are also more resistant to interference. Fiber
optic cables can also carry more data than copper cables. Finally, fiber optic cables
are much thinner than copper cables, which take up less space.

23. Is fiber optic faster than copper?

Yes, fiber optic cables are capable of transmitting data much faster than copper
cables. Fiber optic cables can transmit data at speeds of up to 10 Gbps per second.
This is because fiber optic cables transmit data as light, while copper cables transmit
data as electricity. Since light travels much faster than electricity, data will travel
faster through a fiber optic cable than a copper cable.

24. Fiber optic cable versus Ethernet

25. Fiber optic cable versus cat_6

Category 6 cabling (Cat6) is a type of data cabling used for Gigabit Ethernet and a
few other network systems. The cables are made from four sets of twisted copper
wires, similar to Cat5 cabling. However, the difference between Cat5 and Cat6 is the
 latter has a thicker sheath and is made from a different type of copper. Cat6 cables
are also more expensive than Cat5 cables.
While Cat6 is an advanced form of copper cable, it’s not as effective as fiber optic
cabling which uses light to transmit data. This is faster and more efficient than using
copper.

26. Fiber optic cable vs copper

27. Fiber optic cable vs Ethernet
28. Fiber optic cable vs twisted pair
29. Fiber optic cable vs coaxial
30. Fiber optic cable vs. cat_5

31. Fiber optic cable bandwidth

Fiber optic cabling bandwidth is measured in gigabits per second (Gbps). This is
because fiber optic cables can transmit large amounts of data at high speeds. There
are two main types of fiber optic cabling: single-mode and multi-mode, with the
latter offering greater bandwidth.
The amount of data that can be transferred through a fiber optic cable per second is
determined by the bandwidth of the cable. The higher the bandwidth, the more data
can be transferred. The best fiber optic cable bandwidth available in the market is
currently around 100 Gbps.

FIBER SPLICING

- Process used to join two separate fiber optic cables together

- When there is a need to join two different types of fiber, such as a 48-fiber cable to a 12-
fiber cable
- When there is a need to repair severed fiber cables that are buried underground or to join
fiber optic cables when inadvertently broken
- Other means for joining fibers: connectorization and termination
- Lower light loss (attenuation) and back reflection
- Splicing renders a permanent or relatively permanent connection between two fiber optic
cables.

Two Main Methods of Fiber Optic Splicing: Fusion Splicing and Mechanical Splicing

METHOD 1: MECHANICAL SPLICING

 Designed to hold two fiber cables with typical loss of 0.3 dB or 10%
METHOD 2: FUSION SPLICING

 Permanent connection
 Machine or an electric arc is used to produce heat and fuse/weld glass ends that are
precisely aligned together for continuous transmission of light.
 Much lower attenuation of around 0.1 dB.
 Produces reliable joint with low insertion loss and nearly zero back reflection
 Use for long high data rate connection lines