Islamic University of Technology (IUT)

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Electronics Laboratory, Room No.:502

Date & Year: …………………. Working Table No. : ……. Section: …….. Group: ..……….…

Course: EEE 4204 (Electronic -I Lab)

Experiment no.: 02
Name of the experiment: Study of Half wave and Full wave Diode Rectifiers
OBJECTIVE
• To Construct the Circuit and observe the wave shapes of Half wave Diode Rectifier.
Student ID. : ………………

• To Construct the Circuit and observe the wave shapes of Full wave Diode Rectifiers.

Task 1: To Construct the Circuit and observe the wave shapes of Half wave Diode Rectifier.
Objective:
To construct half wave & full wave rectifier circuits using diodes & observe the input & output wave
forms with & without filter.

To calculate, compare, and measure the DC output voltages of half-wave and full-wave rectifier circuits.

Theory:
The process of converting AC to DC is called Rectification. The primary function of half-wave and full-
wave rectification systems is to establish a DC level from a sinusoidal input signal that has zero average
(DC) level.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.NO. NAME OF THE TYPE RANGE QUANTITY
EQUIPMENT (NO.S)
1. Diode IN 4007 4
2. Resistor 10 kΩ 1
3. Transformer Step-down 230 V /(12 – 0 – 12) V 1
4. Voltmeter MC (0 – 30V) 1
5. Capacitor Electrolytic 1µF,2200µF 2
6. Standard Project Board 1
7. Connecting wires Required

Half-Wave Rectifier:
It requires only single diode. Only positive cycle of the current is passed through the diode i.e only half
of the AC wave is passed and hence the name half wave. Current flowing through the diode during the
positive half-cycle produces approximately a half sine wave of voltages across the load resistor.

On the negative half-cycle of the input voltage, the diode is reverse-biased. Ignoring the reverse leakage
current of the diode, the load current drops to zero, resulting in zero load voltage (output voltage). Thus,
the diode circuit has rectified the input ac voltage, converting the ac voltage to a dc voltage.

Prepared by: Dr. Md. Fokhrul Islam, Assistant Professor, Md. Thesun Al-Amin, Lecturer. Muhammad Anowar Kabir, Lab Instructor. January 2017
Circuit Diagram: (Draw)

Fig 1.a: A Half-wave rectifier:

Procedure:

Part-1: Threshold Voltage

Choose one of the four silicon diodes and determine the threshold voltage, VT, using the diode-checking
capability of the DMM.

VT = - - - - - - -

[N.B. some digital multi-meter manufacturers equip their

meters with a special “diode check” function which displays
the actual forward voltage drop of the diode in volts, rather
than a “resistance” figure in ohms. These meters work by
forcing a small current through the diode and measuring the
voltage dropped between the two test leads. (Figure)

Part-2: Half-Wave Rectification

1. Construct the circuit. Record the measured value of the resistance R(R= 10KΩ). Set the function
generator to 1000 Hz, 8 Vp-p sinusoidal voltage (or suitable) using the oscilloscope.
2. Using the oscilloscope with the DC position, obtain the voltage vO and sketch the waveform. Before
viewing vO be sure to set the vO = 0 V line using the GND position of the coupling switch.
3. Reverse the diode of fig.b and sketch the output waveform obtained using the oscilloscope on graph
sheet. Be sure the coupling is in the DC position.

Prepared by: Dr. Md. Fokhrul Islam, Assistant Professor, Md. Thesun Al-Amin, Lecturer. Muhammad Anowar Kabir, Lab Instructor. January 2017
 Graph 1: Half-wave (Positive) Rectifier

Graph 2: Half-wave (Negative) Rectifier

Prepared by: Dr. Md. Fokhrul Islam, Assistant Professor, Md. Thesun Al-Amin, Lecturer. Muhammad Anowar Kabir, Lab Instructor. January 2017
Calculation:

Calculate the DC level of the half-wave rectifier signal using eq. Vdc = 0.318 .Vpeak volts (half-wave)

VDC (calculated) =

For large sinusoidal inputs (Vm >> VT) the forward-biased transition voltage VT of a diode can be ignored.
However, for situations when the peak value of the sinusoidal signal is not that much greater than VT, VT can
have a noticeable effect on VDC.
In rectification systems the Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) must be considered carefully. The PIV voltage is
the maximum reverse-bias voltage that a diode can handle. For typical single diode half-wave rectification
systems, the required PIV level is equal to the peak value of the applied sinusoidal signal.

Prepared by: Dr. Md. Fokhrul Islam, Assistant Professor, Md. Thesun Al-Amin, Lecturer. Muhammad Anowar Kabir, Lab Instructor. January 2017
Task 2: To Construct the Circuit and observe the wave shapes of Full wave Diode Rectifiers.
Objective:
To construct full wave rectifier circuits using diodes & observe the input & output wave forms with &
without filter.
To calculate, compare, and measure the DC output voltages of half-wave and full-wave rectifier circuits.
Theory: It requires 2 diodes or 4 diodes. In both case positive and negative AC cycle is passed through
the diode alternatively as per their forward bias condition (only positive cycle of the current is passed
through the diode).

Part-1: Two Diode Center Tapped Configuration:

Theory: The transformer supplies the source voltage for two diode rectifiers, D1 and D2. This power
transformer has a center-tapped secondary winding voltage that is divided into two equal parts (W1 and
W2). W1 provides the source voltage for D1, and W2 provides the source voltage for D2. The
connections to the diodes are arranged so that the diodes conduct on alternate half cycles.

Two Diode Center Tap Configuration:

TR1 D1 +
12V
+
1N4007
DC +
0V
230V
AC
+

Battery
AC D2 CLowpass Filter
12V RDC Load
10k

TRAN-M A KABIR
1N4007 - 1000uF

GND
GND DC GND

Fig 2.a: Two Diode Center Tap Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier

Procedure:
1. Construct the circuit shown in the Fig 2.a (without filter capacitor C). Connect oscilloscope prove
Ch-1 and Gnd at the secondary side of the transformer at point 12V-0V, 0V-12V and 12V-12V to
observe AC signal wave shape.
2. Disconnect oscilloscope probe from secondary side of the transformer. Connect oscilloscope Ch-1
to “+” point where two cathodes of diode D1 and D2 are interconnected (used as DC + /System +/
Circuit +) and oscilloscope Gnd to “GND” point or “0V” at the secondary side of the transformer
(used as DC GND /System GND/Circuit GND). Sketch the Pulsating DC waveform.
3. Connect 1µF filter Capacitor across the load and sketch the output DC waveform.
4. Connect 2200µF filter Capacitor across the load and sketch the output DC waveform explain the
effect of capacitor values.

Prepared by: Dr. Md. Fokhrul Islam, Assistant Professor, Md. Thesun Al-Amin, Lecturer. Muhammad Anowar Kabir, Lab Instructor. January 2017
 Graph 3: Two Diode Center Tap Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier

Part-2: Four Diode Full-Wave Bridge Configuration:

Theory: Figure d shows a full-wave bridge rectifier with a load resistor R L and an input sine wave
derived from a transformer. During the positive half-cycle of the input voltage, diodes D2 and D3 are
forward biased and diodes D1 and D4 are reverse biased.

Therefore, terminal A is positive and terminal B is negative, as shown in Figure. During the negative
half-cycle, diodes D1 and D4 conduct, and again terminal A is positive and terminal B is negative. Thus,
on either half-cycle, the load voltage has the same polarity and the load current is in the same direction,
no matter which pair of diodes is conducting. The full-wave rectified signal is shown in Figure, with the
Vo being the output voltage. Since the area under the curve of the full-wave rectified signal is twice that
of the half-wave rectified signal, the average or dc value of the full-wave rectified signal, Vdc, is twice
that of the half-wave rectifier.

Four Diode Full-Wave Bridge Configuration:

+
+
TR1 DC +
12V
D1 D2
AC 1N4007 1N4007
0V +
Battery

230V CLowpass Filter RDC Load

10k
AC
12V D3 D4
- 1000uF

1N4007 1N4007

TRAN-M A KABIR
GND
GND DC GND

Fig 2.b: Four Diode Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier

Prepared by: Dr. Md. Fokhrul Islam, Assistant Professor, Md. Thesun Al-Amin, Lecturer. Muhammad Anowar Kabir, Lab Instructor. January 2017
Procedure:
1. Construct the circuit shown in the Fig 2.b: (without filter capacitor C). Connect oscilloscope prove
Ch-1 and GND at the secondary side of the transformer at the point 12V-0V to observe the AC signal
wave shape.
2. Disconnect oscilloscope probe from secondary side of the transformer. Connect oscilloscope Ch-1
to “+” point where two cathodes of diode D1 and D2 are interconnected (used as DC + /System +/
Circuit +) and oscilloscope Gnd to “GND” point where two anodes of diode D3 and D4 are
interconnected (used as DC GND /System GND/Circuit GND). Sketch the Pulsating DC waveform.
3. Explain why AC signal waveform and Pulsating DC waveform cannot observe in same time in the
oscilloscope.
4. Connect 1µF filter Capacitor across the load and sketch the output DC waveform.
5. Connect 2200µF filter Capacitor across the load and sketch the output DC waveform explain the
differences.

Graph 4: Four Diode Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier (for 1µF Filter Capacitor)

Graph 5: Four Diode Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier (for 2200µF Filter Capacitor)

Prepared by: Dr. Md. Fokhrul Islam, Assistant Professor, Md. Thesun Al-Amin, Lecturer. Muhammad Anowar Kabir, Lab Instructor. January 2017
Discussions:

Prepared by: Dr. Md. Fokhrul Islam, Assistant Professor, Md. Thesun Al-Amin, Lecturer. Muhammad Anowar Kabir, Lab Instructor. January 2017
 Questions
QUIZ-1:
Q.1 Define Full wave rectifier?
Q.2 Which are different types of Full Wave rectifier?
Q.3 How many diodes are used in full wave rectifier?
Q.4 Give disadvantage of centre-tap wave rectifier?
Q.5 Write ripple factor for FW rectifier?
Q.6 What is the efficiency of FW rectifier?
Q.7 Write advantages of bridge rectifier?
Q.8 Write one feature of Full wave rectifier?
Q.9 Define Transformer Utilization Factor?
Q.10 Write the equation for DC current?

QUIZ-2:
Q.1 What is filter?
Q.2 Give commonly used filters?
Q.3 Define ripple factor?
Q.4 What is the equation of dc output voltage?
Q.5 When we can use inductor as a filter?
Q.6 What happens when the filter capacitor value larger?
Q.7 What is the value of ripple factor for bridge rectifier?
Q.8 What is the ripple factor of power supply measured off?
Q.9 What happens when form factor of filter is higher?
Q.10 What is the value of ripple factor for half wave rectifier?

Prepared by: Dr. Md. Fokhrul Islam, Assistant Professor, Md. Thesun Al-Amin, Lecturer. Muhammad Anowar Kabir, Lab Instructor. January 2017