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Topic 10. Cardiovascular System

The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting blood, oxygen, nutrients and waste throughout the body. The heart pumps blood through two circulations - pulmonary circulation to the lungs and systemic circulation to the rest of the body. The cardiovascular system includes the heart, blood vessels and blood.

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Janine Jerica Jontilano
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39 views

Topic 10. Cardiovascular System

The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting blood, oxygen, nutrients and waste throughout the body. The heart pumps blood through two circulations - pulmonary circulation to the lungs and systemic circulation to the rest of the body. The cardiovascular system includes the heart, blood vessels and blood.

Uploaded by

Janine Jerica Jontilano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System
• responsible for the transport of water and
dissolved materials throughout the body,
including oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients,
and waste.

• transports the waste products of cell


metabolism to the lungs and kidneys where
they can be expelled from the body
Heart
• The heart's job is to pump blood around the
body.
• The heart is a muscle about the size of a fist,
and is roughly cone-shaped.
• The wall of the heart itself is made up of a
special type of muscle called cardiac
muscle.
• The pericardium is a serous membrane
and a fibrous covering which wraps around
the whole heart.
Two Layers of Three Layers of
Pericardium Heart
1. Visceral Pericardium or 1. Epicardium
epicardium – An outer serous
– The inner layer covering
which intimately 2. Endocardium
adherent to the – Inner endothelial
outer surface of lining
heart
3. Myocardium
2. Parietal pericardium
– A thick muscular
– Outer layer and layer
adheres to
fibrous.
Chambers of Heart
Atrium Ventricles
• The right atrium pumps • The right ventricle
blood to the right pumps blood to the
ventricle lungs

• the left atrium pumps • the left ventricle


blood into the left pumps out blood to the
ventricle. rest of the body.
Vessels
1. Blood Vessels – The aorta is the largest
are tubes which carry blood which artery. The major artery that
is resemble the branching of a supplies blood to the entire
tree in that the arteries start as body
large vessels and divided into • Capillaries
smaller and smaller branches -are microscopic blood
• Arteries vessels or make up a network of
-are blood vessels which tiny vessels with extremely thin,
carry blood from the heart to the highly permeable walls which
body. connect arteries and veins
– The large pulmonary artery together.
carries un-oxygenated blood • Veins
from the right ventricles to -are blood vessels which
the lung, where it gives off carry blood from the body back to
carbon dioxide and receives the heart.
oxygen.
– The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood
from the lungs to the left atria.
– The vena cava returns blood from the body to the
right atria.

• The pulmonary trunk is the large artery which the


right ventricle pumps into. It splits into pulmonary
arteries which take the blood to the lungs.
The pulmonary veins take blood from the lungs to
the left atrium. These two large veins then take the
blood from the rest of the body into the right atrium.
All the other veins in our body drain into the inferior
vena cava (IVC) or the superior vena cava (SVC).
2. Lymphatic Vessels
– Resemble veins which contain numerous valves
permitting flow only toward the heart

Lymph- fluid within the lymphatic vessel


Valves
- fibrous flaps of tissue - Types of Valve:
found between the
heart chambers and in • Pulmonary valve
the blood vessels.
• Aortic valve
- act as a barrier to
prevent the backflow • Right atrioventricular
of blood valves or tricuspid
- found within the heart • Left atrioventricular
are situated between valves or mitral
the atria and
ventricles, and also
between the ventricles
and major arteries.
Electrical Nodes
• There are two different • 2. Atrioventricular
electrical nodes, or groups or AV node
of specialized cells, located – relays the impulse of
in the cardiac tissue the SA node to the
• 1. Sinoatrial (SA) ventricles
node
– commonly called the • Heartbeat
pacemaker. -The cycle of
contraction of the
– An electrical impulse heart muscle.
called an action potential
is generated at regular
intervals in a specialized
region of the right atrium
As the heart pump these includes two
Circulations:
• pulmonary circulation
-a part of vascular
system that circulates the
blood through the lungs;
• Systemic circulation
-refers to the
movement of oxygenated
blood to all areas of the
body;
Cardiac Cycle
• cardiac cycle is the sequence
of events that occurs in one
complete beat of the heart.
• The heart muscle pumps the
blood through the body by
means of:
• Diastole- The filling
phase: relaxations or
dilations
• Systole- The pumping
phase of the cycle:
rhythmical
contractions
The Heart Beat/Sounds
• The closure of the heart valves and the
contraction of the heart muscle produce sounds
that can be heard better when amplified by a
stethoscope. Components of heart beat :
• Lubb sound- the first heart sound and is
caused by the closure of the atrioventricular
valves.
• Dubb sound- is due to the closure of the
semilunar valves when the ventricles relax (at the
beginning of ventricular diastole).
• Murmurs- Abnormal heart sounds
The Electrocardiograph (ECG)
• Shows the electrical activity within the heart
• Use to determine the state of the conducting
system and of the myocardium itself, as
damage to the myocardium alters the way the
impulses travel through it.
References:
• http://www.naturalhealthschool.com/8_4.ht
ml
• cardiovascular system, Anaphy handouts, sy:
2010-2011. ppg.1-3
• http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/anatom
y/cardiovascular-system-heart/16

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