1

IT SKILLS LAB-1 ASSIGNMENTS

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

Session: 2022-23

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Dr. Ravi Jaiswal Divyanshi Gautam
Asso. Professor MBA, I Sem

LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI INSTITUTE OF

MANAGEMENT
& DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

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 Table of Contents

S. No. ASSIGNMENT PAGE NO.

3
1. Hardware & its different types.

6
2. Software & its different classes.

10
3. Operating System, its main function & its type.

14
4. Windows, its features, advantages, disadvantages.

18
5. MS Office & its major applications.

21
6. MS Word & its features.

23
7. MS Excel & its advantages.

25
8. Excel Worksheet & How to create it.

28
9. Difference between MS Word & MS Excel.

30
10. MS PowerPoint & its features & uses.

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 Assignment 1

Define Hardware. Also explain different types of Hardware.

Hardware or HOW can be defined as all the physical components that are a part of a
computer system. This means that all the devices that you can see on your computer
can be characterized as computer hardware. For example, the screen of a computer that
you see the second you turn on the device is hardware.

In other words, it can also be said that hardware simply refers to all the tangible and
physical components of a computer. This includes all the components that can be seen
or touched. There are also different types of hardware. Some types of hardware, along
with their examples, are given in the table below.

Different Types of Hardware and Their Examples

Hardware Type Examples

Input devices Mouse and keyboard
Output devices Monitor and printer
Secondary storage devices CD, DVD, and hard disk
Internal components Motherboard, RAM, and CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Do you know what a hardware upgrade means? A hardware upgrade can be defined as
the replacement of old hardware with new hardware. It can also mean that additional
hardware has been added. This helps in improving the performance of the existing
hardware.

For example, individuals usually get RAM upgrades to increase the total memory of
their computers. Video card upgrades are also very common. In this upgrade, the old
video card is removed and replaced with a new card.

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Different Types of Computer Hardware

There are different types of computer hardware. In this section, we will look at some of
the most common components of computer hardware. The list of computer hardware
components is given below.

1. RAM

RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of computer hardware that is used to store the
information and then process that information. The processing speed of RAM is much faster
than a hard disk but Ram is a volatile device which means when a computer system is shut
down all the information stored is wiped out from RAM whereas hard disk is non-

volatile which means it stores

the data permanently in it. The
data can be easily stored in
RAM and can be
easily fetched from RAM. The
fetch process of data is very
fast in

Ram compare to hard disk. There are two types of RAM SRAM (Static Random Access
Memory) and DRAM (Dynamic random access memory). The use of SRAM is in a cache
memory of CPU. And the DRAM is mostly used in modern computers.

2. Hard disk

The hard disk is another type of computer hardware that is used to store the data in
it. The hard disk can be preinstalled in CPU or can be used as an external device.
The hard disk is the non-volatile component which means the data is stored
permanently in hard disk and it does not wipe out when the system is shut down.
The hard disk contains electromagnet surface which is used to store huge chunks
of data and can be accessed easily. The hard disk has the capacity to store trillions
of bytes of data in its storage.

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In the internal of hard disk, it has a collection of
stacked disks which have electromagnetic surface
used to store data in it. Every hard disk has a certain
processing speed which varies from 4200-15000 rpm.
The higher the rpm more is the processing speed of a
hard disk. The high processing speed is used in
supercomputers.

3. Monitor

For the computer hardware, the hardware is another device that is used to display the output,
videos and other graphics as it is directly connected to the

CPU. The video displayed by the monitor uses the video card.
The monitor can be compared to the television set but the
difference is the resolution and graphics displayed by the
monitor are of much high quality compare to the television set.
The desktop is connected via a cable and gets fitted in a
computer video card which is installed in the motherboard of
the computer system. For laptops, tablets the monitor is pre-
built in the system and there is no separate hardware installed
in these devices. There are two types of computer monitors which are CRT and LCD. The
CRT was used as an old model of computers. The LCD is used in a modern computer as they
are thinner and lighter and easy to use compared to CRT monitors.

4. CPU

CPU (Central processing unit) is the core hardware part of the

computer system which is used to interpret and execute most of
the commands using other computer parts i.e. software and
hardware. The CPU is a core part of any PC, laptops, tablets,
and notebooks. The CPU is also called the brain of the
computer as every operation is executed in the CPU only. The
CPU is made of computer chip which contains billions of small

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transistors installed on it. All the calculations are performed inside these
transistors. The other hardware components which are monitor, keyboard, mouse,
printer, sound system are connected o CPU.

5. Mouse

It is a hand operator input device that is used to point something on the screen. The mouse can
be wired or wireless. If the mouse is wired it is connected to the CPU directly. The mouse can
uses the laser o ball to scroll up or down on the
screen.

Any movement done from the mouse sends

instructions directly to the computer to move the
cursor on the screen.

6. Keyboard

The keyboard is another type of computer hardware that is used to give input text, commands
to the computer. The keyboard can be wired or wireless. The keyboard
contains, alphabets, numbers, special
characters and other buttons to give input to
the computer. It is the input device that takes
input to the user and processes the
commands.

7. Printer

The printer is a type of hardware that is used to print something which is seen on the computer
and then transfer that displayed information to paper. The printers can be differentiated based
on size, processing speed, and other factors.

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 Assignment 2

Explain software and discuss different classes of software.

Software is a set of instructions, data, or programs used to operate a computer and execute
specific tasks. In simpler terms, software tells a computer how to function. It’s a generic term
used to refer to applications, scripts, and programs that run on devices such as PCs, mobile
phones, tablets, and other smart devices. Software contrasts with hardware, which is the
physical aspects of a computer that perform the work.

Without software, most computers would be useless. For example, a web browser is a software
application that allows users to access the internet. Without the web browser software, reading
this page on Webopedia wouldn’t be possible. An operating system (OS) is a software program
that serves as the interface between other applications and the hardware on a computer or
mobile device. TCP/IP is built into all major operating systems to allow computers to
communicate over long distance networks. Without the OS or the protocols built into it, it
wouldn’t be possible to access a web browser.

WHAT TYPES OF SOFTWARE EXIST?

The two major types of computer software are:

1- Application software

2- System software

Two other types of computer software include:

Programming software

Driver software

Programming and driver software are often considered as types of system software, but we’ll
explain all four types separately.

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Application software

Application software is software that helps an end user complete tasks such as doing research,
taking notes, setting an alarm, designing graphics, or keeping an account log. Application
software lies above the system software and is different from system software in that it’s
designed for the end use and is specific in its functionality. This type of software is sometimes
referred to as non-essential software because it’s installed and operated based on the user’s
needs. Any application on a mobile phone is an example of application software.

Types of application software include:

Word processors: Applications used for documentation. Examples include Microsoft Word,
Google Docs, and AppleWorks

Spreadsheet software: Software used to compute quantitative data. Examples include

Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets, and Quattro Pro

Database software: Software used to create and manage a database to organize data. This is
also known as database management software (DBMS). Examples include MySQL, Clipper,
and FileMaker

Multimedia software: Tools that are able play, create, or record images, audio, or video files.
It’s used for video editing, animation, graphics, and image editing. Examples include Adobe
Photoshop and Picasa

Application suites: A collection of related programs sold as a package. Microsoft Office is

the most widely used application suite.

Internet browsers: Software used to access and view websites. Examples include Google
Chrome and Internet Explorer.

Email programs: Software used for emailing. Examples include Outlook and Gmail.

System software

System software helps the user, hardware, and application software interact and function with
each other. System software acts as a mediator or middle layer between the user and the

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hardware. It’s essential in managing the whole computer system -• when a computer is first
turned on, it’s the system software that is initially loaded into memory. Unlike application
software, system software isn’t used by end users. Instead, it runs in the background of a
device.

The most well-known example of system software is the OS, which manages all other
programs in a computer. Aside from the OS, other examples of system software include:

Basic input/output system (BIOS): the built-in firmware that determines what a computer
can do without accessing programs from a disk.

Boot: loads the OS into the computer’s main memory or RAM.

Assembler: Takes basic instructions and converts them into a pattern of bits that the processor
can use to perform basic operations.

Device driver: Controls a particular type of device attached to the computer, such as a
keyboard or mouse.

Programming software

Classified as a type of system software, programming software isn’t used by the end user. It’s
used by programmers who are writing code. Programming software is a program that is used
to write, develop, test, and debug other software, including application and system software.
These programs serve as a sort of translator. It takes programming languages such as Python
or C++ and translates it into something a computer will understand, known as machine
language code. Besides simplifying code, it also:

Assigns data storage

Enlists source code as well as program details

Offers diagnostic reports

Rectifies system errors during runtime

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Driver software

Also classified as a type of system software, driver software operates and controls devices and
peripherals plugged into a computer, enabling a device to perform the designated task.
Hardware devices that need a driver to connect to a system include displays, sound cards,
printer, mice, and hard disks.

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 Assignment 3

Explain Operating System (OS) and its main functions. Name

different types of operation systems.

Operating System-

An operating system (OS) manages all other applications and programs in a computer, and it
is loaded into the computer by a boot program. It enables applications to interact with a
computer’s hardware. Through a designated application programme interface, the application
programmes request services from the operating system (API). The kernel is the software that
contains the operating system’s core components. To run other programmes, every computer
has to have at least one operating system installed.

Examples of Operating System-

Windows, Linux, and Android are examples of operating systems that enable the user to use
programs like MS Office, Notepad, and games on the computer or mobile phone. It is

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necessary to have at least one operating system installed in the computer to run basic
programs like browsers.

Functions of Operating System -

Processor Management: An operating system manages the processor’s work by allocating

various jobs to it and ensuring that each process receives enough time from the processor to
function properly.

Memory Management: An operating system manages the allocation and deallocation of the
memory to various processes and ensures that the other process does not consume the memory
allocated to one process.

Device Management: There are various input and output devices. An OS controls the
working of these input-output devices. It receives the requests from these devices, performs a
specific task, and communicates back to the requesting process.

File Management: An operating system keeps track of information regarding the creation,
deletion, transfer, copy, and storage of files in an organized way. It also maintains the
integrity of the data stored in these files, including the file directory structure, by protecting
against unauthorized access.

Security: The operating system provides various techniques which assure the integrity and
confidentiality of user data. Following security measures are used to protect user data:

Protection against unauthorized access through login.

Protection against intrusion by keeping Fire fall active.

Protecting the system memory against malicious access.

Displaying messages related to system vulnerabilities.

Error Detection: From time to time, the operating system checks the system for any external
threat or malicious software activity. It also checks the hardware for any type of damage. This

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process displays several alerts to the user so that the appropriate action can be taken against
any damage caused to the system.

Job Scheduling: In a multitasking OS where multiple programs run simultaneously, the

operating system determines which applications should run in which order and how time
should be allocated to each application.

Types of Operating System

There are several different types of operating systems present. In this section, we will discuss
the advantages and disadvantages of these types of OS.

1- Batch OS

Batch OS is the first operating system for second-generation computers. This OS does not
directly interact with the computer. Instead, an operator takes up similar jobs and groups them
together into a batch, and then these batches are executed one by one based on the first come,
first, serve principle.

2- Distributed OS –

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A distributed OS is a recent advancement in the field of computer technology and is utilized
all over the world that too with great pace. In a distributed OS, various computers are
connected through a single communication channel. These independent computers have their
memory unit and CPU and are known as loosely coupled systems. The system processes can
be of different sizes and can perform different functions. The major benefit of such a type of
operating system is that a user can access files that are not present on his system but in another
connected system. In addition, remote access is available to the systems connected to this
network.

3- Multitasking OS

The multitasking OS is also known as the time-sharing operating system as each task is given
some time so that all the tasks work efficiently. This system provides access to a large
number of users, and each user gets the time of CPU as they get in a single system. The tasks
performed are given by a single user or by different users. The time allotted to execute one
task is called a quantum, and as soon as the time to execute one task is completed, the system
switches over to another task.

4- Network OS

Network operating systems are the systems that run on a server and manage all the networking
functions. They allow sharing of various files, applications, printers, security, and other
networking functions over a small network of computers like LAN or any other private
network. In the network OS, all the users are aware of the configurations of every other user
within the network, which is why network operating systems are also known as tightly
coupled systems.

5- Real-Time OS

Real-Time operating systems serve real-time systems. These operating systems are useful
when many events occur in a short time or within certain deadlines, such as real-time
simulations.

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6- Mobile OS

A mobile OS is an operating system for smartphones, tablets, and PDA’s. It is a platform on

which other applications can run on mobile devices.

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 Assignment 4

What is ‘Windows’? Explain features, advantages and disadvantages of

Windows Operating System.

Windows is a graphical operating system developed by Microsoft. It allows users to view

and store files, run the software, play games, watch videos, and provides a way to connect to
the internet. It was released for both home computing and professional works.

Microsoft introduced the first version as 1.0

It was released for both home computing and professional functions of Windows on 10
November 1983. Later, it was released on many versions of Windows as well as the current
version, Windows 10.

In 1993, the first business-oriented version of Windows was released, which is known as
Windows NT 3.1. Then it introduced the next versions, Windows 3.5, 4/0, and Windows

2000. When the XP Windows was released by Microsoft in 2001, the company designed its
various versions for a personal and business environment. It was designed based on standard
x86 hardware, like Intel and AMD processor. Accordingly, it can run on different brands of
hardware, such as HP, Dell, and Sony computers, including home-built PCs.

What are the Features of Windows Operating System?

The various features of Windows operating system include-

Start Menu- As the name suggests, this is the part where the user starts his actions, after
turning on the computer. The start menu contains a list of all the
applications, pinned applications, and recently used
applications. We can search various files and applications using
the search bar. There is also an option of switching the user and

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turning off/restart/sleep mode options. So start basically is a place where user can begin their
work by choosing the desired place to start their task.

File Explorer- In real life, we keep all our documents in one place and segregate them
according to their use and need. In windows, the same work is done by the file explorer. It
saves all our files in one place, according to the location that we provide. All the locations are
displayed here along with the removable disks and pen drives
that we insert. We can also manage various files and perform
operations on them like- inserting, creating shortcuts, renaming,
deleting, grouping files, etc. It makes searching for files easier
using the search function. We can also find the recent files that
we have used in file explorer.

Control Panel- As the name suggests, it controls and configures the resources and apps on
our computer. There are a lot of functions that can be performed according to the user's needs.
Right from system administration to set the time, everything
can be done here. If we want to interface our computer with
hardware, the settings can be changed here and various
network-related settings can be changed too. In this way, the
user can use and change system settings according to his
discretion.

Cortana- In windows, we have been provided with a voice assistant who helps us with things
that we are unable to do and are stuck at. It is an important
feature of the windows operating system which is an
AIoperated voice assistant that acts according to our commands
and helps us to perform actions like opening a document,
playing music, etc. Its concept resembles that of Google

Assistant, Siri, etc.

Browser (Edge) - The default browser of windows is Microsoft Edge. We can search for
information and surf the internet using the browser. Windows
come in with a pre-installed browser. Earlier the default browser
was Internet Explorer but later it was changed to Edge. It

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renders results of search faster and has security features like malware protection, phishing
protection, and detection of insecure websites.

MS Paint- This is a feature from the 1st version of Windows itself. As the name suggests, it is
used to paint, i.e., create drawings, paintings, colourings, etc. A
blank canvas along with various inks, pens, and shapes. Now an
improvised version of MS Paint that is known as Paint-3D comes
with more and improved features.

Task Manager- The task manager is used to manage all the currently running tasks. We can
force stop tasks that are currently running and
also get information that which tasks are running
in the background. The 'End Task' option enables
the user to force stop the background and
foreground running application. We also get
information on how much CPU, RAM, and memory is used by various system resources.

Task bar- The task bar is one of the features of windows operating system. The element of
the graphical user interface which shows the tasks or applications that are open right now. It
also contains pinned applications which is done by the user, date and time. We can customise
the taskbar. The taskbar varies according to the operating system but it is usually a small strip
located at the bottom of the screen.

Advantages of Windows Operating System

Backing of majority of equipment- The majority of the clients use windows and that
amounts to almost 95%, the drivers for windows are made by a majority of merchants.

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Programming and gaming support- Windows is a big platform that supports a majority of
applications and games which are both paid and unpaid. Most gaming laptops are windows
based because of their performance so programmers prefer the windows operating system
because of this feature.

Clean and lucid GUI- The Graphical User Interface provided by Windows is clean and can
be understood well by a new user too. Windows UI is better than MAC and Linux.

Microsoft Office- Windows users are provided with Microsoft Office which contains a lot of
applications like- PowerPoint, excel, word, OneNote, teams etc. This has built-in support for
Windows and works smoothly on windows.

Disadvantages of Windows Operating System

Many of the Windows products are paid- Many of the essential features of windows os are
paid which include applications like photoshop, games and various other applications.

Malicious virus- The majority of the virus is made for windows as it has a huge number of
clients. For our security purpose, we have to be cautious and install antivirus software.

Costly- With respect to Windows, Linux is open sourced so it can be used by anyone, but the
cost of Windows is high.

Technical support- Most users do not get good technical support from the Windows team. If
there is an organisation that uses windows, they get technical support from the windows team.

Rebooting a system- When the system slows down, the system has to be rebooted. This
happens when many programs run at the same time which slows down the system. This leads
to a slower speed so rebooting has to be done.

Prone to hacking- Since windows are widely used, hackers tend to hack windows OS more
than other OS. There is no feature in Windows OS that prevents this.

High system requirements- There are a lot of requirements that need to be fulfilled before
installing Windows. The requirements specify the required specifications of processor, hard
disk space, OS, display and graphic card.

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 Assignment 5

What is MS Office? Explain major MS Office application.

Microsoft Office is a family of server software, and services developed by Microsoft. It was
first announced by Bill Gates on August 1, 1988, in Las Vegas. Microsoft Office is a suite of
applications designed to help with productivity and completing common tasks on a computer.
You can create and edit documents containing text and images, work with data in spreadsheets
and databases, and create presentations and posters. Word. Excel. PowerPoint.

Microsoft Office is a suite of desktop

productivity applications that is designed
specifically to be used for office or business
use. It is a proprietary product of Microsoft
Corporation and was first released in 1990.
Microsoft Office is available in 35 different
languages and is supported by Windows, Mac
and most Linux variants. It mainly consists of
Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access, One Note,

Outlook and Publisher applications. Microsoft Office was primarily created to automate the
manual office work with a collection of purpose-built applications.

Major Applications of MS Office

1 Microsoft Office Word

Out of all the different components, the Microsoft

Word Processor is the most common and widely used
application all throughout the world. You can easily
open the application on both Windows and Mac
Operating Systems. Microsoft Office Word first came
into existence in 1983 initially for the MS-DOS OS. That was when the mouse was added to
the keyword, although there was

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no need for it. People could buy Word 1.0 with a bundled mouse. The word for MAC OS was
introduced a couple of years later, in 1985. Previously, the Word Processor was in the Doc
format, but when the 2007 version was released, the format changed to Office Open XML.
This was the time when the Portable Document Format (PDF) and Open Document Format
were first introduced in the 2007 version. The MS Word made typing of words and other
documents very easy. Almost all content writing works and official documents or letters are
typed in MS Word. You can save your written document, which can serve as a record.

2 Microsoft Office Excel

When Microsoft initially introduced Microsoft Office Excel, it had to face stiff competition
from Lotus 1-2-3 but outclassed it eventually. It is an application based on a spreadsheet and
available on both Windows and OS X. The
Microsoft Office programs were launched
for Mac OS in the same year as the MS
Word. However, the first Windows version
came in November 1987. It was much better
than the earlier, offering more functions. It
is used for storing data and usually helpful
in preparing ledger balance and maintaining
accounts.

3 Microsoft Office PowerPoint

The introduction of Microsoft Office PowerPoint has made the work of presentations very
simple. Thus, it is known as a
presentation of Microsoft Office
programs. With the help of the
Microsoft Office Application, you
can design creative and engaging
slides by adding the texts and adding
graphics and other files such as
images and videos. You can decorate

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the slides and make them colorful and just put up a nice presentation to showcase your
portfolio or sample in front of a client.

4 Microsoft Office Outlook

Microsoft Office Outlook is another important and

useful program that contains a number of vital
features such as a client calendar, address book, e-
mail and task manager. However, it is different
from Outlook Express and so do not assume both
to be the same. Its main purpose is Windows
Messaging.

5 Microsoft Office OneNote

Microsoft Office OneNote is a free unique program where you can easily gather all personal
information such as bank account details, financial deals,
medical details and store it safely. In addition, you can
also note down small details and information about
events and meetings. These notes can be typed or
handwritten. This new feature has been recently added
from the 2007 version and was not there in Microsoft
2003. You will also find this important application on
your Windows and iOS phones.

6 Microsoft Office Access

Microsoft Office Access is a database management system that acts as a merger of Microsoft
Jet Database Engine and Graphical User Interface (GUI) and software developing
applications. It can store the data in its own configuration. It can connect you with data from
other applications.

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7 Microsoft Publisher

Publisher is Microsoft’s desktop publishing program, emphasizing page layout and

design. The program includes
templates for frequent
business needs, like business cards,
calendars and brochures

/newsletters. Publisher is considered a

cheaper, easier-to-use version of
design software, like Adobe
InDesign.

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 Assignment 6

What is MS Word and Features?

Microsoft word is a word processor software developed by Microsoft in 1983. It is the most
commonly used word processor software. It is used to create professional quality documents,
letters, reports, resumes, etc and also allows you to edit or modify your new or existing
document. The file saved in Ms Word has docx extension. It is a component of the Microsoft
Office suite, but you can buy it separately and is available for both Windows and macOS.

The latest version of Ms Word is 2019. In this article we will learn the features of Ms Word

Features of MS Word

Now let us discuss the features or components of the Ms Word. Using these features, you can
perform different types of operations on your documents, like you can create, delete, style,
modify, or view the content of your document.

1. File

It contains options related to the file, like New(used

to create a new document), Open(used to open an
existing document), Save(used to save document),
Save As(used to save documents), History, Print,
Share, Export, Info, etc.

2. Home

It is the default tab of

Ms Word and it is
generally divided into
five groups,
i.e., Clipboard,
Font, Paragraph,
Style and

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Editing. It allows you to select the color, font, emphasis, bullets, position of your text. It also
contains options like cut, copy, and paste.

3. Insert

It is the second tab present on the menu bar

or ribbon. It contains various items that you
may want to insert into a Microsoft word. It
includes options like tables, word art,
hyperlinks, symbols, charts, signature line, date and time, shapes, header, footer, text boxes,
links, boxes, equations, etc.

4. Draw

It is the third tab present in the

menu bar or ribbon. It is used
for freehand drawing in Ms
Word. It provides different
types of pens for drawing as
shown below:

5. Design

It is the fourth tab present in the menu bar or

ribbon. The design tab contains document
designs that you can select, such as documents
with centred titles, offset headings, left-justified
text, page borders, watermarks, page color, etc.

6. Layout

It is the fifth tab present on the menu bar or

ribbon. It holds all the options that allow you to
arrange your Microsoft Word document pages
just the way you want them. It includes options like set margins, display line numbers, set

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paragraph indentation, and lines apply themes, control page orientation and size, line breaks,
etc

7. References

It is the sixth tab present in the menu bar or ribbon. The references tab lets you add references
to a document, then create a bibliography at the
end of the text. The references are generally
stored in a master list, which is used to add
references to further documents. It includes
options like, Table of Contents, Footnotes,
Citations & Bibliography, Captions, Index,
Table of Authorities, smart look, etc.

8. Mailings

It is the seventh tab present in the menu bar or ribbon. It is a least

used tab in the menu bar. This tab is where you would create
labels, print them on envelopes, do mail merge, etc

9. Review

It is the eighth tab present in the menu bar or

ribbon. The review tab contains, commenting,
language, translation, spell check, word count
tools. It is good for quickly locating and editing
comments. After selecting a review tab

10. View

It is the ninth tab present in the menu bar or ribbon.

View tab allows you to switch between single page or
double page and also allows you to control the layout
tools It includes print layout, outline, web layout, task pane, toolbars, ruler, header and footer,
footnotes, full-screen view, zoom, etc.

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 Assignment 7

What is MS Excel? Mention some advantage of using it.

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program used to record and analyse numerical and statistical
data. Microsoft Excel provides multiple features to perform various operations like
calculations, pivot tables, graph tools, macro programming, etc. It is compatible with multiple
OS like Windows, macOS, Android and iOS.

A Excel spreadsheet can be understood as a collection of columns and rows that form a table.
Alphabetical letters are usually assigned to columns, and numbers are usually assigned to
rows. The point where a column and a row meet is called a cell. The address of a cell is given
by the letter representing the column and the number representing a row.

Advantage of Microsoft Excel

1. The Best Way to Store Data

Even if you don’t use any of the options or any tool which Excel offers you, it is the best way
to store data. Why I’m saying this because Excel is a kind of application that is used by
millions of people. So when you store data in Excel and then share it with others, they can
access it easily.

2. You can perform calculations

What makes Excel the best spreadsheet application on the planet is its ability to perform
calculations. In Excel, you have a complete list of functions that you can use for the

calculations. Basically, an Excel function is a predefined formula that returns a specific result
based on the values you specify. But apart from that, you can also create your own formulas
by combining two or more functions or just by performing calculations using operators.

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3. All the tools for data analysis

The core motive of having data is to analyse and get insights out of it. The good news is Excel
has some of the most powerful tools to analyse data. Imagine you have data with thousands of
rows, you can insert a pivot table out of that data and create a summary table.

4. Easy to Create Data Visualizations with Charts

In Excel, you have all those options to create charts and present your data in a visual way. All
those major types of charts that you need to use to present your data are already there and you
can insert them with a single click. If you go to the Insert Tab, in the charts group, you can
find all the charts which you can insert.

5. You can Print Reports Easily

Even if you are a person who likes to save trees but there could be a point where you need to
print reports to share with others or present them to someone. Well, Excel allows you to print
with a lot of customization where you can change the margin, paper size, orientation, etc.

6. Store data with millions of rows

Well, there is no limit to data, but Excel has a limit in terms of rows and columns. So that’s
why Microsoft came up with Power Pivot where you can store data with millions of rows and
then you can perform calculations within Power Pivot.

7. Transform and clean data

If you are one of those people who work with data a lot or you know someone who works,
there are a lot of situations where you need to deal with messy data which you need to clean
before you use it. The process of cleaning and transforming data takes a big chunk of your
time and it can be a tedious process. For this, Microsoft has introduced the power query which
is a data transformation and cleaning engine well you can load data from multiple sources,
transform it, and then load it back to the worksheet.

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8. You can work with Excel online + mobile app

As most companies these days are moving to the cloud and Microsoft Excel has its own web

version. It has so many features, like functions, pivot tables, and pivot charts just like the
desktop app. And recently Microsoft has launched its all-in-one office app that you can use to
work on spreadsheets and mobile as well.

Assignment - 8

What is an Excel Worksheet? How to create an Excel Worksheet?

The term Worksheet used in Excel documents is a collection of cells organized in rows and
columns. It is the working surface you interact with to enter data. Each worksheet contains
1048576 rows and 16384 columns and serves as a giant table that allows you to organize
information. Typically, a workbook contains several worksheets with related content and only
one of the worksheets is active at a time. An Excel worksheet is a software program/document
that collects rows and columns designed to store information in an organized manner. An
Excel worksheet also enables users to apply mathematical and statistical logic to the data and
manipulate it according to the requirements of the business strategies.

How to Create an Excel Worksheet

To create a new Excel worksheet, you need to follow the steps mentioned below.

1- When you start Microsoft Excel, there is an option of selecting a variety of worksheets, as
shown below.

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You can select the option based on the requirements. For now, create a blank worksheet. The
blank worksheet looks as shown below.

2-There might be a situation where you would need to include another worksheet along the
side of the existing worksheet.

This collection of Excel Worksheets is called an Excel Workbook. To insert a new worksheet,
you can right-click on the sheet name in the bottom sheet tracker tray, as shown below.

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By selecting the new worksheet option from the available options, you can create a new
worksheet as displayed below.

A new dialogue box will appear on the screen, where you can select the option to include a
new sheet.

Assignment- 9

Write down major difference between MS Word and MS Excel?

Both MS Word and MS Excel are the essential software program from the Microsoft Office
Suite, developed by Microsoft. These two software programs are very popular and widely
used in Windows operating systems. They are also available for other platforms and can be
used from within the internet browser in an online mode. However, there are significant
differences between MS Word and MS Excel.

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We are discussing the differences between Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel, which will
help us determine the uses of both. This will also help us select the appropriate software to
work with when working on various office-related tasks. Before differentiating both software,
let us first understand both by their definitions:

What is MS Word?

Microsoft Word or MS Word is one of the most helpful software designed for people of
almost every profession. In other words, Microsoft Word is a word processing software that
enables users to create a series of documents that appear on paper between different devices
on the screen. It also makes text editing very easier and allows us to take printouts, making the
data readable on paper. It is beneficial for students, teachers, professionals working in large
companies, freelancers in small companies, etc. Most people have used MS Word or at least
heard about MS Word; they know how important it is for documentation to the world.

On MS Word, one can easily create a document of a huge range of words. Additionally, the
document's colours and designs can be changed and customized based on the user's liking.
There are many formatting options to make the design of a document attractive. The user can
also use one of the hundreds of templates that are provided within MS Word. Anything can be
typed on MS Word using whatever fonts and colours one likes. Using the software, one can
easily create letters, cards, personal writing, charts, reports, small worksheets, lesson plans,
assignments, etc.

What is MS Excel?

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MS Excel or Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet software program in Microsoft Office Suite.
This is generally used to construct document tables, figures, and measurement formulas. It
helps perform incredibly valuable work for businesses and organizations, such as list
document costs and earnings, prepare expenditures, model statements, quickly present
analytical results, etc. In particular, it helps create lists for all purposes. Not just lists, most
employees use MS Excel to allocate work to their employees, register attendance, create
invoices, and track people visiting the office or workplace.

MS Excel provides a tabular sheet where one can use different colours in rows and columns to
specify or highlight any particular thing. There are many features on MS Excel that make
working and keeping work very easy. This includes content filtering, sorting, row count,
column count , mathematical operations and formulas, character count, VLOOKUP and many
more. One can also create multiple sheets in a single file to create a booklet of Excel sheets.

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Major Differences between MS Word and MS Excel

The major differences between MS Word and MS Excel can also be explained in a tabulated
form, as below:

Attributes MS Word MS Excel

Definition Microsoft word is defined as a Microsoft excel is defined as a

word processor that helps to spreadsheet that mainly helps
create rich quality document files. record or put the data in tables.

Application It is a word processing It is a spreadsheet application.

application.
Type

Initial View A new document or file MS word A new spreadsheet or file in MS

presents a blank page where excel presents a tabulated page
users can enter texts, insert where many rows and columns
images, creates tables, etc. form cells. Users can use these
rows and columns to add data.

User-interface The user-interface in MS word is The user-interface in MS excel

simple, and the menu bar's tools seems quite easy; however, the
can be easily understood and menu bar tools require skills to be
used by understood and used for

the users. performing tasks.

File Extension MS word files have an extension MS excel files usually have an
referred to by ".doc". extension referred to by ".xls".

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Uses MS Word can be used for writing MS Excel is mainly used to handle
complex data such as employee
documents, letters, essays,
details in an office, employees'
creating a resume, etc.
salary details, maintaining

inventory, list of students and their

details in college, etc.
Interrelation MS word files cannot be inserted MS excel tables can be easily
into Excel files. In other words, inserted into a word file. The data
doc files cannot be inserted into can be simply copy-paste to
an excel spreadsheet. corresponding files.

Formatting MS word has MS excel lacks several advanced

comparatively options of formatting.

advanced formatting options.

Calculation MS word does not allow us to MS Excel allows us to use in-built
perform a calculation or use functions or use customized
equations to carry out the
formulae. We can only write
calculation results automatically. It
formulae or calculations
can be used to measure complex
manually.
data.
Grammar MS Word can auto-detect and MS Excel does not offer any option
correct grammatical mistakes. for grammar checks. However,
Check
some complex methods can be
Furthermore, if there is no match
used in excel to correct such
for the spellings, the word will
mistakes to some extent.
underline the particular word in
red colour.
Database MS word does not have any MS Excel provides support for
support for performing database performing many database

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 activities. activities. For example - data
Activities
filtration.
Analytical MS word is used to MS Excel is typically used to
driven create interpret as well as evaluate data.
Thus, it somehow works with an
documents so the users can read
analytical-driven approach.
them without any analytical
drivenapproach.
Statistical Statistical analysis and division of Filtering and modifying statistical
data in MS word are data in MS excel is quite easy and
Complexity
comparatively complex. an essential feature of this
powerful software.

Copy-pasting MS word provides basic options MS Excel provides more distinct

of copy-paste the data. options of copy-paste the data.

Printing MS Word documents can be Printouts of MS excel files can also

printed easily with a properly be taken easily; however, line
formatted spacing or formatting cannot be
controlled while taking prints.
structure.
Difficulty Level One can easily learn and word MS excel is a little bit of complex
with MS word. software when using formulae and
other advanced

features. Therefore, it requires

high-skills to work with MS excel.

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 Programming There is no need for MS Excel provides VBA (Visual
programming for using MS word, Basic for Applications) editor to
Support
so there are no programming perform advanced and
support options.
complex tasks. Moreover, the VBA
programming language can also
help

perform tasks beyond what is

available in MS

Office applications.

Assignment - 10

What is PowerPoint? Point out its Features and uses?

Microsoft PowerPoint, usually just called the PowerPoint, is a software program developed by
Microsoft to produce effective presentations. It is a part of Microsoft Office suite. The

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program comprises slides and various tools like word processing, drawing, graphing and
outlining. Thus it can display text, table, chart, graphics and media in the slides.

Features of PowerPoint

Access Toolbar and Ribbon. Some of the other important features of PowerPoint are:

Microsoft PowerPoint is a professional presentation program that allows the user to create a
"presentation slide" that can be displayed on the computer screen through a projector that is
plugged into the computer. There are three main features of the Microsoft PowerPoint window
that you need to focus upon while learning PowerPoint. These features are Microsoft Office
Button, Quick

MS PowerPoint has several helpful features that can help you modify your presentations.

Here are its most notable features:

Home

When you arrive at the program's Home tab, you will find a new slide to which you can add
your content. You can also add new
Slides with different layouts and
word-processing functions.

Click on "Layout" to change your

current slide layout. Other functions
on the Home tab include "Delete" and "Reset."

Insert

In the Insert tab, you can add media files such as

images, audio, clip art, shapes, and videos to your
slides. You will also find the Symbol, Text Box,
Object, Header, and Footer options in the Insert tab.

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Design

This tab will help you boost the visual appeal of

your new slide. From the Design tab, you can
select any of the existing templates and
background styles. You can also create custom
slide designs or download them online.

Animations

The slides will be displayed on the screen one

after the other during the presentation.

However, you can make things more

interesting by adding animations.

The animations will allow you to choose how

the program will display the slides. If you
can't find a preferable Animation, you can opt for Custom Animation. You also get to select
the transition sound and speed.

Slideshow

Here, you will be able to view the slideshow

that you have created. You can start it from the
first slide or the current one. There is also a
Custom Slideshow option for users who want
to display the slides.

Review

As its name suggests, the purpose of this tab is to help you review your work and make
necessary changes. The tools here include Spelling, Research, Thesaurus, Translate, etc.

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This tab also contains a Protect Presentation function that will allow you to restrict access to
your work.

View

The View tab is the final feature on Microsoft

PowerPoint. In this tab, you will see the default
view of your presentation when you select
Normal.

Select Slide Sorter View to view and sort all the

slides in the presentation. The tab will display
the slides as thumbnails. Other useful features in the tab include Note Page, Slideshow, Slide
Master, Handout Master, and Notes Master.

Final Thoughts

PowerPoint deserves its place amongst other office productivity tools created by Microsoft.
This powerful slide presentation application can be trusted to satisfy all your presentation
needs. It can be used in schools, businesses, religious centres, family events, and anywhere.

PowerPoint Uses

The incredible versatility of MS PowerPoint makes it usable across various fields. In other
words, PowerPoint presentations can be used to pass information to any audience.

Here are some of the significant ways by which you can use Microsoft PowerPoint:

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Education

PowerPoint presentation is being used to improve communication and learning in schools and
other educational centres. It is making life easier for both teachers and students.

Teachers are making their classes more interactive by incorporating fun activities using
PowerPoint. A good example is how teachers make quizzes more fun and engaging by
displaying their questions on screens.

Additionally, teachers find it easier to create charts and graphs and display them in their
classes. Through the visual display of data, education templates help students assimilate better
during classes. Presentations made with PowerPoint are also transforming laboratory sessions.

Business

If you run a business, you should be pleased to know that MS PowerPoint can transform your
business processes. PowerPoint presentations are much cheaper than printouts. It will enable
you to present your reports and charts on a screen instead of printing several copies for your
staff. This presentation program will also come in handy when you train your staff. Since it
utilizes audio-visual media, it makes training more engaging and effective. Additionally,
PowerPoint templates can help your employees save time and energy by removing the need
for producing invoices, flyers, and labels. The program comes with hundreds of ready-made
templates, and even more are available for download. You can also customize the templates to
suit your needs.

Marketing

The main goal of marketing is to improve communication between businesses and their
customers. Research shows that the human brain requires only 13 milliseconds to process a
picture. That is 60,000 faster than the speed at which it processes texts. So, it is no surprise
that infographic marketing is becoming increasingly popular.

Using PowerPoint slides for your marketing campaign will increase the chances of your
audience understanding and remembering your message. However, PowerPoint is about more
than just presentations.

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MS PowerPoint offers better value than competitors such as Photoshop and Illustrator. You
can carry out various tasks with PowerPoint, from the production of infographics to videos.

PowerPoint makes such tasks simpler.

More advantages of using PowerPoint presentations for your marketing campaigns include
data visualization, strengthening brand identity, content creation, goal tracking, and
storytelling.

Digital Portfolios

Whether an artist, designer, or student, you must present your accomplishments at some point.
A digital portfolio will be helpful in such an event.

Another great thing about MS PowerPoint is that it can create a digital portfolio for easy
storage and sharing. With it, you can add images, videos, and audio clips to your portfolio. A
PowerPoint portfolio is the best way to showcase your skills.

Photo Slideshow

PowerPoint is one of the best slideshow creations on the internet. With PowerPoint, you can
create a photo slideshow of your child's first birthday or anything you desire in less than a
minute.

All you have to do is add your images to the program's Photo Album, and it will create a
simple slideshow for you. After that, you can add informative texts and music to create an
improved photo slideshow. The slideshow can be played and stored in any way you desire.

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