FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, BUILT ENVIRONMENT, AND

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT: Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer

Engineering

MODULE
NAME: DIGITAL SYSTEMS II

MODULE
CODE: EDS125A/B

NQF LEVEL: 6
CREDITS: 14

COMPILED BY: Mr. Bihi Thabo

REVIEWED BY: Mr. Ngancha Patrick

DATE REVISED: 2022

LABORATORY GUIDE
 CONTENTS

1. LABORATORY COMPONENT ................................................................................ 3

Laboratory Practical Learning Area Outcome ................................................................ 3

Laboratory Practical Instructions .................................................................................... 4
Calculation of Laboratory Practical Mark ....................................................................... 6
Component List .............................................................................................................. 6
Laboratory Practicals ..................................................................................................... 7
Laboratory Practical Reports........................................................................................ 13

2. SAFETY COMPONENT ......................................................................................... 21

General Safety ............................................................................................................. 21

Hand and Power Tools ................................................................................................. 21

2
1. LABORATORY COMPONENT
Practical component consists of practical sessions. Attendance at practical sessions
is compulsory and this is in line with CUT’s policy. Practicals integrates GA4 and GA8.
Students are advised to spend some time in the laboratories for preparation and
developing skills in the use of equipment. The practical assessment weights are given
in sections 1.2 and 2.5. of the Study guide. Practical is important since it forms part of
the assessment of the module (See section 2.5 in the Study guide).

Practical Title
Laboratory 1 Labview software and circuit construction Introduction

Laboratory 2 Latches and Flip-Flops

Laboratory 3 555 Timer operation as a one shot and astable multivibrator

Laboratory 4 Synchronous counter design

Laboratory 5 Shift registers

Laboratory Practical Learning Area Outcome

Laboratory 1 (L1)
Introduction to PLDs: After the completion of this practical the student should
be able to understand the basic operation of Labview software and circuit
design. Construct and investigate the operation of the Boolean expression
given below.

Laboratory 2 (L2)
After the completion of this practical the student should be able to
understand the basic operation of latches/flip-flops and simple asynchronous
counter circuits.

Laboratory 3 (L3)
After the completion of this practical the student should be able to
understand the basic operation of monostable and astable circuits

Laboratory 4 (L4)
After the completion of this practical the student should be able to
understand the basic design and operation of synchronous circuits

Laboratory 5 (L5)
After the completion of this practical the student should be able to
understand the basic operation of shift registers. Construct and investigate
the performance of shift registers using the 74LS194 bi-directional universal
shift register.

3
 Laboratory Practical Instructions

A: Pre-Laboratory Work

A1: Reading list and requirements:

Study guide on eThuto
Lecturers notes on eThuto
Laboratory coat and close shoes
Laboratory notes and preparation report

A2: Guidelines:
Preparation rules

Preparation report
One preparation report per group must be submitted via eThuto to the lecturer.

Preparation report must consist of the following:

 Cover page – Laboratory number, Group number and member’s names and
student numbers
 Page 2 - Aim, List of equipment and method
 Page 3 - Table of results
 Page 4 - Space for practical connections

Preparation test
Each student must be prepared for his/her individual preparation test.

What to expect in the preparation test:

 Understand the aim of the laboratory practical

 Know the equipment to be used in the laboratory practical
 Investigate the use of each equipment
 Understand the method of the laboratory practical

4
B: In-Laboratory Work

B1: Reading list and requirements:

Study guide on ethuto
Notes on ethuto
Laboratory coat and close shoes
Laboratory preparation report and notes

B2: Guidelines:
Explanation of practical by lecturer.
Draw circuit diagram in preparation.
Build the circuit and verify operation.
Before making changes to your circuit ensure the power is switched off.
Operation must be verified and signed by the lecturer before you leave the
laboratory.
C: Reporting-Laboratory Work

C1: Reading list and requirements:

Study guide on eThuto
Lecturers notes on eThuto
Laboratory notes and preparation report with the measurements

C2: Guidelines:
Final report
Individual reports must be submitted on eThuto.

Report rules
The report must be accompanied by a signed declaration form.
Answer all the questions for the specific laboratory practical.
All answers must be in INK or typed (Pencil can only be used for sketches
and tables).
No copying form other students is allowed.
Untidy work will be penalized.
Attach preparation report to the back of the final report.

5
 Calculation of Laboratory Practical Mark

Practical 1: 25 % (Practical 1 mark achieved * 0.25)

Practical 2: 25 % (Practical 2 mark achieved * 0.25)
Practical 3: 25 % (Assignment1 mark achieved * 0.25)
Practical 4: 25 % (Practical 4 mark achieved * 0.25)
100 %

Component List

Component Function Quantity

74LS00 2-input NAND 1
74LS02 2-input NOR 1
74LS04 Inverter 1
74LS11 3-input NAND 1
74LS20 4-input NAND 1
74LS32 2-input NOR 1
74LS47 BCD/7-segment decoder 1
74LS74 Positive edge-triggered D flip-flop 1
74LS112 Negative edge-triggered JK flip-flop 1
74LS194 4-bit bi-directional universal shift register 1
555 Timer 1
7-segment Common anode LED Display unit 1
Red LED 1
10μF Capacitor 1
47μF Capacitor 1
4.7nF Capacitor 1
10nF Capacitor 1
330Ω 0.25W 5% Resistor 7
E12 series 0.25W 5% Resistor 1 of each value

6
 Laboratory Practical’s

1.5.1 TUTORIAL 1

Introduction to Digital System II practical (Logic gates and Trainer kits).

1.5.2 TUTORIAL 2

Step by step instruction on how to use “Labview” software.

7
1.5.3 PRACTICAL 1

Objective: Introduction to PLDs: After the completion of this practical

the student should be able to understand the basic
operation of labview and circuit design. Construct and
investigate the operation of the Boolean expression given
below.

Equipment: Digital trainer, bread board, computer, Labview, universal

programmer and connecting wires.

Method: see the uploaded question per group online

Complete the truth table below and determine Boolean expression.

T P F Alarm
X
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1

 Determine the standard POS expression.

 Using a K-map, determine the simplest POS expression.
 Using the standard expression in a) create a truth table.
 Sketch the expression in X.
 Using the labview software to construct the circuit.
 Build the circuit using components on your breadboard.

8
1.5.4 PRACTICAL 2

Latches and Flip-Flops

Objective: After the completion of this practical the student should be

able to understand the basic operation of latches/flip-flops
and simple asynchronous counter circuits.

Equipment: Digital trainer, bread board and connecting wires, labview .

Method: 1. Design an SR latch using NAND gates.

 Create a truth table and prove the circuit’s operation.

2. Construct, using a 74LS74 D flip-flop, a circuit to test and

̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ and 𝐶𝐿𝐸𝐴𝑅
analyse the working of the 𝑃𝑅𝐸𝑆𝐸𝑇 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ pins.
 Determine the output Q for the waveforms given below.

3. Design an asynchronous 3-bit counter using the 74LS112 JK

flip-flop.
 Draw the resulting circuit diagram.
 Demonstrate on a 7 Segment LED display the
functioning of the circuit.

Questions: Compare all practical results with theoretical values.

9
1.5.5 ASSIGNMENT 1

555 Timer operation as a one shot and astable multivibrator

Objective: After the completion of this practical the student should be

able to understand the basic operation of monostable and
astable circuits

Equipment: Digital trainer, bread board and connecting wires.

Method: 1. Design and verify the operation of a one-shot circuit using the
555 timer IC. Data: Output pulse width =5 seconds, C = 47µF.
 Show all your calculations.
2. Design a pulse generator with the 555 timer to meet the
following specifications: Frequency = 1 Hz, Duty cycle = (Will
be issued according to the group (e.g. Monday 07h55 to
09h25 group)).
 Show all your calculations.
 Use a LED on the digital trainer for the 1 Hz output signal. C
= 1 µF.

Questions:
 Draw the above circuits clearly indicating the connections
and pin numbers of the ICs.
 Draw both the expected and practical output waveforms for
the 555 0ne-shot relative to the trigger input pulse.
 Draw both the expected and practical output waveforms for
the 555 timer in astable mode.

10
1.5.6 PRACTICAL 3

Synchronous counter design

Objective: After the completion of this practical the student should be

able to understand the basic design and operation of
synchronous circuits

Equipment: Equipment: Digital trainer, bread board, computer, labview,

universal programmer and connecting wires.

Question: Design a synchronous counter using positive edge triggered JK

flip-flops with the following count sequence: See the uploaded
questions online per group (e.g. Monday 14h40 to 16h10
group). You must show the following:

 Create a state diagram for a 3-bit counter.

 Create the next state table.
 Minimize the Karnaugh maps.
 Draw the resulting circuit diagram
 Create the circuit diagram from resulting circuit diagram on
Labview software.
 Draw a waveform showing the working.
 Build the circuit using components.

11
1.5.7 TUTORIAL 3

Shift registers

Objective: After the completion of this practical the student should be

able to understand the basic operation of shift registers.
Construct and investigate the performance of shift
registers using the 74LS194 bi-directional universal shift
register.

Equipment: Digital trainer, bread board and connecting wires.

Method: 1. Construct and investigate the operation of a 4-bit parallel-

in/parallel-out shift left register using the 74LS194.
 Load the register with Q0Q1Q2Q3 = 1101 and shift it for 3
clock pulses.
 Sketch the Q output waveforms relative to the clock. The
serial input must be logic 0.
 Create a truth table and prove the circuit’s operation.

2. Construct and investigate the operation of a 4-bit bi-

directional shift register with the initial state: Q0Q1Q2Q3 = 1010.
 Use the 74LS194 IC. Shift left for one clock pulse, right for
three clock pulses, and left for three clock pulses. The shift
left serial input must be logic 1 and the shift right serial input
must be logic 0.
 Sketch the Q output waveform for each flip-flop relative to the
clock and S0 and S1 inputs.

3. Construct and investigate the operation of a 4-bit ring shift left

register counter using the 74LS194 with the initial state:
Q0Q1Q2Q3 = 1100.
 Sketch the Q output waveforms relative to 6 clock pulses.
 Determine the output Q for the waveforms given below.

Questions:
 Draw the above circuits clearly indicating all connections and
IC pin-numbers.
 Draw the Q output waveforms relative to the clock as in steps
1 to 3 above.
 Compare all practical results with theoretical values.

12
 Laboratory Practical Reports

Digital Systems 2
EDS125B

Practical preparations

Mark form group member /10

Student Nr Initials and Surname 1 2 3 4 5
1.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Pre-Laboratory Work Comments Marks

Preparation report
In-Laboratory Work
Total Marks 100%

____________________ _______________
Assessor signature Date

13
14
15
16
17
18
 Background (preparation) …………………………………(10mks)
In your word give background to the project

Purpose(preparation) …………………………………………(10mks)
State what need to be done

Methodology(preparation) …………………………………………(20mks)
Show calculations
Explain how to do the experiment (step by step)

Results …………………………………………………………(45mks)

Give your result and explain why you say its working

Conclusions …………………………………………………………(15mks)

What was the purpose restate it in other words?

Give an application where one can use this

19
 Group work

State who was responsible for what part(may be more that one person)

Task Responsible (only the student numbers,

please)
Preparation
Methods
Results
Report

20
2. SAFETY COMPONENT

General Safety

Close attention should be given to all aspects of safety throughout training, and the
highest possible standards insisted upon. There is a special need to emphasize the
fundamental safety rules of behaviour, dress and practice when the trainee enters the
workshop. Instructors have a particular responsibility to set a good example and to
check without delay any departure from safe working practices by trainees. Individual
responsibilities in respect of the safety of all persons in the vicinity of the working area
must be clearly understood by everyone. It is essential to develop safe working habits.

2.1.1 What to do
 Think before you act.
 Ask if in any doubt.
 Help to keep gangways clear.
 Keep your bench and working area tidy.
 Find out the position and type of fire appliances available.
 Report all accidents to your supervisor

2.1.2 What not to do

 Do not run.
 Do not play practical jokes.
 Do not touch any equipment or try out machines unless authorized to do so.
 Do not leave rubbish lying about.
 Do not walk under suspended loads.
 Do not attempt to give first aid unless you are competent to do so.
 Do not throw things.

2.1.3 Further points to consider

 Wear your overalls buttoned up.
 Roll up your overall sleeves above the elbows or button up the cuffs.
 Keep hair short or wear a cap.
 Obey all safety rules and signs.
 Report any accident, however slight.
 Have all injuries properly treated, however minor.
 Do not wear torn overalls.
 Do not wear rings or a watch when working.
 Do not take chances.

Hand and Power Tools

All tools must be used in a safe manner, in particular sharp tools such as knives or
screwdrivers. These should be held in such a way as to minimize the chances of cuts
to the user if they slip from the work. The snipping of wires with side-cutters can lead
to bits of wire entering the eye and therefore goggles should be worn for such work.
These tools must be electrically safe and should be inspected regularly for cable wear
and loose connections. They should never be used without a guard or some form of
protection fitted and adjustments to these tools should only be made once they have

21
been disconnected from the supply. Soldering irons should always be kept covered to
prevent accidents leading to burning of the skin or of the flex of the soldering iron. The
work being soldered or de-soldered should be securely gripped and the work should
take place on a heat-proof mat. Excess solder should be wiped off using a wet cloth or
sponge and should not be flicked off. Care should also be taken to avoid breathing in
the fumes of the flux.

2.2.1 Protective Clothing

Whether or not this is worn depends on the regulations and on the work taking place
in the workshop. Long hair should be tied back and if hair preparation is used the hair
should also be covered whenever working close to a naked flame.

22