Marathwada Institute of Technology, Bulandshahr (U.P.

DEPARTMENT OF MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

SUBJECT NOTES

KMC101 : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

(UNIT-5) :- Applications , Image and face recognition , Object recognition , Speech Recognition besides Computer
Vision ,Robots , Applications.

B.TECH-I/KMC 101/AI/U-1/N-1/ Prof. Rashmi Bhardwaj

Applications :-
Application software is a program or group of programs designed for end-users. Examples of an application
include a word processor, a spreadsheet, an accounting application, a web browser, an email client, a media
player, a file viewer, simulators, a console game, or a photo editor.

Application of AI
Artificial Intelligence has various applications in today's society. It is becoming essential for
today's time because it can solve complex problems with an efficient way in multiple industries,
such as Healthcare, entertainment, finance, education, etc. AI is making our daily life more
comfortable and fast.

Following are some sectors which have the application of Artificial Intelligence:

1. AI in Astronomy
o Artificial Intelligence can be very useful to solve complex universe problems. AI technology can
be helpful for understanding the universe such as how it works, origin, etc.

2. AI in Healthcare

o In the last, five to ten years, AI becoming more advantageous for the healthcare industry and
going to have a significant impact on this industry.
o Healthcare Industries are applying AI to make a better and faster diagnosis than humans. AI
can help doctors with diagnoses and can inform when patients are worsening so that medical
help can reach to the patient before hospitalization.

3. AI in Gaming

o AI can be used for gaming purpose. The AI machines can play strategic games like chess,
where the machine needs to think of a large number of possible places.

4. AI in Finance
 o AI and finance industries are the best matches for each other. The finance industry is
implementing automation, chatbot, adaptive intelligence, algorithm trading, and machine
learning into financial processes.

5. AI in Data Security

o The security of data is crucial for every company and cyber-attacks are growing very rapidly in
the digital world. AI can be used to make your data more safe and secure. Some examples such
as AEG bot, AI2 Platform,are used to determine software bug and cyber-attacks in a better
way.

6. AI in Social Media

o Social Media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat contain billions of user profiles,
which need to be stored and managed in a very efficient way. AI can organize and manage
massive amounts of data. AI can analyze lots of data to identify the latest trends, hashtag, and
requirement of different users.

7. AI in Travel & Transport

o AI is becoming highly demanding for travel industries. AI is capable of doing various travel
related works such as from making travel arrangement to suggesting the hotels, flights, and
best routes to the customers. Travel industries are using AI-powered chatbots which can make
human-like interaction with customers for better and fast response.

8. AI in Automotive Industry

o Some Automotive industries are using AI to provide virtual assistant to their user for better
performance. Such as Tesla has introduced TeslaBot, an intelligent virtual assistant.
o Various Industries are currently working for developing self-driven cars which can make your
journey more safe and secure.

9. AI in Robotics:

o Artificial Intelligence has a remarkable role in Robotics. Usually, general robots are
programmed such that they can perform some repetitive task, but with the help of AI, we can
create intelligent robots which can perform tasks with their own experiences without pre-
programmed.
o Humanoid Robots are best examples for AI in robotics, recently the intelligent Humanoid robot
named as Erica and Sophia has been developed which can talk and behave like humans.

10. AI in Entertainment

o We are currently using some AI based applications in our daily life with some entertainment
services such as Netflix or Amazon. With the help of ML/AI algorithms, these services show the
recommendations for programs or shows.

11. AI in Agriculture

o Agriculture is an area which requires various resources, labor, money, and time for best result.
Now a day's agriculture is becoming digital, and AI is emerging in this field. Agriculture is
applying AI as agriculture robotics, solid and crop monitoring, predictive analysis. AI in
agriculture can be very helpful for farmers.

12. AI in E-commerce
 o AI is providing a competitive edge to the e-commerce industry, and it is becoming more
demanding in the e-commerce business. AI is helping shoppers to discover associated products
with recommended size, color, or even brand.

13. AI in education:

o AI can automate grading so that the tutor can have more time to teach. AI chatbot can
communicate with students as a teaching assistant.
o AI in the future can be work as a personal virtual tutor for students, which will be accessible
easily at any time and any place.

IMAGE RECOGNITION :-AI image recognition (part of Artificial Intelligence (AI)) is another
popular trend from gathering momentum nowadays, So now it is time for you to join the trend and learn what
AI image recognition is and how it works.

Image Recognition: What It Is and How It Works

As always, let’s start with the basics. First of all, you should remember is that image recognition and image processing

are not synonyms. Image processing means converting an image into a digital form and performing certain operations

on it. As a result, it is possible to extract some information from such an image.

. Image processing stages

 Color image processing — the colors are processed

 Image enhancement — the quality of the image is improved and the hidden details are extracted

 Image restoration — the image is cleaned from blurs and other unpleasant things

 Representation and description — the processes data is visualized

 Image acquisition — the image is captured and converted

 Image compression and decompression — the size and resolution of the image are changed, if necessary

 Morphological processing — the structure of the image’s objects is described

 Image recognition — specific features of the image’s objects are identified

 Facial recognition
With the help of AI, a facial recognition system maps facial features from an image and then compares this
information with a database to find a match. Facial recognition is used by mobile phone makers (as a way to unlock a
smartphone), social networks (recognizing people on the picture you upload and tagging them), and so on.

However, such systems raise a lot of privacy concerns, as sometimes the data can be collected without a user’s
permission. Apart from this, even the most advanced systems can’t guarantee a 100% accuracy. What if a facial
recognition system confuses a random user with a criminal? That’s not the thing someone wants to happen, but this is
still possible. However, technology is constantly evolving, so one day this problem may disappear.
Object recognition
Object recognition systems pick out and identify objects from the uploaded images (or videos). Visual
search is probably the most popular application of this technology, and we have already provided several
examples. The hotdog application, do you remember?
Text detection
Everything is obvious here — text detection is about detecting text and extracting it from an image.
Pattern recognition
Pattern recognition means finding and extracting specific patterns in a given image. Those can be textures,
facial expressions, etc.
Image analysis
Do you need a summary of a specific image? Then use AI for picture and image analysis. As a result, all
the objects of the image (shapes, colors, and so on) will be analyzed, and you will get insightful information
about the picture.
Methods, Techniques, and Tools for Image Processing with AI
Let’s start with the simplest things — methods of image processing. Currently, there are only two of them:
analog and digital. The analog method is used for processing hard copies of images (like printouts).

Above all, the mission of the digital one is to manipulate digital images using computer algorithms.
Regarding the techniques, they exist in spades, and we have already mentioned some of them. For
instance, image restoration is considered both as a stage and technique of image processing. Here are
some of the other techniques:
 Pixelation — turning printed pictures into the digitized ones
 Linear filtering — processing input signals and producing the output ones which are subject to the
constraint of linearity
 Edge detection — finding meaningful edges of the image’s objects
 Anisotropic diffusion — reducing the image noise without removing crucial parts of the picture
 Principal components analysis — extracting the features of the image.
 Object Recognition:-
Object recognition is a computer vision technique for identifying objects in images or
videos. Object recognition is a key output of deep learning and machine learning algorithms.
When humans look at a photograph or watch a video, we can readily spot people, objects, scenes,
and visual details.

Object detection is a computer technology related to computer vision and image processing that
deals with detecting instances of semantic objects of a certain class in digital images and videos.
Well-researched domains of object detection include face detection and pedestrian detection.

Object recognition consists of recognizing, identifying, and locating objects within a picture with a given
degree of confidence.

In this process, the four main tasks are:

1. Classification.
2. Tagging.
3. Detection.
4. Segmentation.
Classification and tagging:-
An important task in object recognition is to identify what is in the image and with what level of confidence.
This is indicated as the probability percent in the picture below.

Classification (left) and tagging (right).

The mechanism of this task is (relatively) straightforward. It starts with the definition of the ontology, i.e. the
class of objects to detect. Then, both classification and tagging identify what is in the image and the
associated level of confidence.

While classification recognizes only one class of objects, tagging can recognize multiple ones for a given
image. In other words, in classification the algorithm will only remember that there is a dog, ignoring all
other classes. On the other hand, in tagging, it will try to return all the best classes corresponding to the
image.

Detection and segmentation:-

Once identified what is in the image, we want to locate the objects. There are two ways to do so: detection
and segmentation.

Detection outputs a rectangle, also called bounding box, where the objects are. It is a very robust
technology, prone to minor errors and imprecisions. Alternatively, segmentation identifies the objects for
each pixel in the image, resulting in a very precise map. However, the accuracy of segmentation depends
on an extensive and often time-consuming training of the neural network.

Detection (left) and segmentation (right).

If the performance of the operation is high enough, it can deliver very impressive results in use cases like
cancer detection. If you want to know more, read our blog post on image recognition and cancer detection.

Speech recognition:-
Speech recognition is an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science and computational ... All
these difficulties were in addition to the lack of big training data and big computing power in these
early days. ... Students who are blind (see Blindness and education) or have very low vision can
benefit from using the technology .
Robots :-
A robot is a machine—especially one programmable by a computer— capable of carrying out a
complex series of actions automatically. Robots can be guided by an external control device or the
control may be embedded within.

What Is Robotics?
Robotics is the intersection of science, engineering and technology that produces machines, called robots, that
substitute for (or replicate) human actions. Pop culture has always been fascinated with robots. R2-D2. Optimus
Prime. WALL-E. These over-exaggerated, humanoid concepts of robots usually seem like a caricature of the real
thing...or are they more forward thinking than we realize? Robots are gaining intellectual and mechanical
capabilities that don’t put the possibility of a R2-D2-like machine out of reach in the future.

While the overall world of robotics is expanding, a robot has some consistent characteristics:

1. Robots all consist of some sort of mechanical construction. The mechanical aspect of a robot helps it
complete tasks in the environment for which it’s designed. For example, the Mars 2020 Rover’s
wheels are individually motorized and made of titanium tubing that help it firmly grip the harsh terrain
of the red planet.
2. Robots need electrical components that control and power the machinery. Essentially, an electric
current (a battery, for example) is needed to power a large majority of robots.
3. Robots contain at least some level of computer programming. Without a set of code telling it what to
do, a robot would just be another piece of simple machinery. Inserting a program into a robot gives it
the ability to know when and how to carry out a task.

Types of Robots

Mechanical bots come in all shapes and sizes to efficiently carry out the task for which they are designed. From the
0.2 millimeter-long “RoboBee” to the 200 meter-long robotic shipping vessel “Vindskip,” robots are emerging to
carry out tasks that humans simply can’t. Generally, there are five types of robots:

Pre-Programmed Robots
Pre-programmed robots operate in a controlled environment where they do simple, monotonous tasks. An example of
a pre-programmed robot would be a mechanical arm on an automotive assembly line. The arm serves one function —
 to weld a door on, to insert a certain part into the engine, etc. — and it's job is to perform that task longer, faster and
more efficiently than a human.

Humanoid Robots Humanoid robots are robots that look like and/or mimic human behavior. These robots usually
perform human-like activities (like running, jumping and carrying objects), and are sometimes designed to look like
us, even having human faces and expressions. Two of the most prominent examples of humanoid robots are Hanson
Robotics’ Sophia (in the video above) and Boston Dynamics’ Atlas.

Autonomous Robots
Autonomous robots operate independently of human operators. These robots are usually designed to carry out tasks in
open environments that do not require human supervision. An example of an autonomous robot would be the Roomba
vacuum cleaner, which uses sensors to roam throughout a home freely.

Teleoperated Robots Teleoperated robots are mechanical bots controlled by humans. These robots usually work in
extreme geographical conditions, weather, circumstances, etc. Examples of teleoperated robots are the human-
controlled submarines used to fix underwater pipe leaks during the BP oil spill or drones used to detect landmines on
a battlefield.

Augmenting Robots
Augmenting robots either enhance current human capabilities or replace the capabilities a human may have lost. Some
examples of augmenting robots are robotic prosthetic limbs or exoskeletons used to lift hefty weights.

APPLICATIONS OF ROBOTICS
 Helping fight forest fires
 Working alongside humans in manufacturing plants (known as co-bots)
 Robots that offer companionship to elderly individuals
 Surgical assistants
 Last-mile package and food order delivery
 Autonomous household robots that carry out tasks like vacuuming and mowing the grass
 Assisting with finding items and carrying them throughout warehouses
 Used during search-and-rescue missions after natural disasters
 Landmine detectors in war zones

Uses of Robots
Manufacturing

The manufacturing industry is probably the oldest and most well-known user of robots. These robots and co-bots (bots
that work alongside humans) work to efficiently test and assemble products, like cars and industrial equipment. It’s
estimated that there are more than three million industrial robots in use right now.

Logistics

Shipping, handling and quality control robots are becoming a must-have for most retailers and logistics companies.
Because we now expect our packages arriving at blazing speeds, logistics companies employ robots in warehouses,
and even on the road, to help maximize time efficiency. Right now, there are robots taking your items off the shelves,
transporting them across the warehouse floor and packaging them. Additionally, a rise in last-mile robots (robots that
will autonomously deliver your package to your door) ensure that you’ll have a face-to-metal-face encounter with a
logistics bot in the near future.
Home

It’s not science fiction anymore. Robots can be seen all over our homes, helping with chores, reminding us of our
schedules and even entertaining our kids. The most well-known example of home robots is the autonomous vacuum
cleaner Roomba. Additionally, robots have now evolved to do everything from autonomously mowing grass to
cleaning pools.

Travel

Is there anything more science fiction-like than autonomous vehicles? These self-driving cars are no longer just
imagination. A combination of data science and robotics, self-driving vehicles are taking the world by storm.
Automakers, like Tesla, Ford, Waymo, Volkswagen and BMW are all working on the next wave of travel that will let
us sit back, relax and enjoy the ride. Rideshare companies Uber and Lyft are also developing autonomous rideshare
vehicles that don’t require humans to operate the vehicle.

Healthcare

Robots have made enormous strides in the healthcare industry. These mechanical marvels have use in just about every
aspect of healthcare, from robot-assisted surgeries to bots that help humans recover from injury in physical therapy.
Examples of robots at work in healthcare are Toyota’s healthcare assistants, which help people regain the ability to
walk, and “TUG,” a robot designed to autonomously stroll throughout a hospital and deliver everything from
medicines to clean linens.

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