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01 - Significant Figures and Measurement

The document discusses significant figures and measurement, including units of measurement, measurement uncertainty, and rules for determining significant figures. It provides examples of applying significant figure rules to calculations and conversions between standard and scientific notation.

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leafyfun100
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41 views5 pages

01 - Significant Figures and Measurement

The document discusses significant figures and measurement, including units of measurement, measurement uncertainty, and rules for determining significant figures. It provides examples of applying significant figure rules to calculations and conversions between standard and scientific notation.

Uploaded by

leafyfun100
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 - Significant Figures and Measurement SCH3U – Quantities in Chemistry

Date: ______________________________________________

Significant Figures and Measurement


Units of Measurement
Every day measurements are taken and taken for granted
Some measurements are standard
Cooking amounts, ___________________________________________________
Some measurements are not standard
_________________________________________
Science is international
Scientists must be able to communicate with others around the world
We use the ______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________

Measurement and Uncertainty


How accurate are you?
Almost all measurements have uncertainty
Uncertainty is inherent in _________________________________________________________ or
_____________________________
We need to represent the uncertainty in our measurements
Accuracy refers to agreement with the _______________________________________________
Precision refers to agreement within a ______________________________________________ of the
same quantity

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1 - Significant Figures and Measurement SCH3U – Quantities in Chemistry

Random Errors have an _________________________________ of affecting the observed quantity,


making it too high or too low
Systematic Errors affect the data in the _________________________ each time

When we record quantitative data, we record _______________________________________________,


and estimate ___________________________
The number of certain digits are called ________________________________________________________
______________________________________________

Significant Figures
Significant Figures are the digits recorded for ________________________________________________
They include all digits you are certain about plus ____________________________________________
_________________________________
Recording measurements in the lab limit the degree to which you can know the
____________________________ of a measurement
We will ALWAYS use “Sigfig” rules when performing _________________________________ in
Chemistry to acknowledge this

Rules for Significant Figures


All non zero numbers are significant
Examples:
1573 16 12.456 348

Zeros between non zero digits are significant


Examples:
102 3054 1005 13.05

Zeros to the left of the value are not significant


Examples:
1.02 0.012054 0.0001053 0.00204

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1 - Significant Figures and Measurement SCH3U – Quantities in Chemistry

Zeros to the right may be significant


Zeros to the right in the decimals are significant
Zeros to the right without a decimal point are not significant
Examples
0.2050 1200

There are some numbers where we are so certain of that they can have infinite
significant figures
Generally numbers that we can easily count
Numbers used for conversions
Examples
How many students in the room?
How many seconds in one minute?

Calculations with Significant Figures


When multiplying or dividing, the final answer will have the same number of significant
figures as the ____________________________, _______________________, or _____________________ which
has the _____________________ number of significant figures
Examples
.
40.08 × 0.756 159.65 × 0.15 .

When adding or subtracting, the final answer will have the same number _________________
as the number with the fewest number of _____________________
3.14 + 2.718 22.99 × 3 + 30.97 + 15.9997 × 4

22.99 + 35.4527

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1 - Significant Figures and Measurement SCH3U – Quantities in Chemistry

Homework
Give the number of significant figures in each of the following.
1.05 g __________ 0.0003040 mm __________
29000 ft __________ 1.90 × 10 L __________
One dozen eggs __________

Round each of the following to 3 significant figures.


77.0653 _______________________ 6.3001 _______________________
0.0023455 _______________________ 10.2030 _______________________
2.8956 _______________________

Convert the following to scientific notation:


45,700 _______________________ 0.009 _______________________
23 _______________________ 0.9 _______________________
24,212,000 _______________________ 0.000665 _______________________
21.9 _______________________ 0.00332 _______________________
321 _______________________ 0.119 _______________________

Convert the following numbers in scientific notation to expanded form:


3.825 × 10 _______________________ 6.3 × 10 _______________________
2.3 × 10 _______________________ 4.44 × 10 _______________________
7.121 × 10 _______________________ 1.2 × 10 _______________________
1.8 × 10 _______________________ 8.1 × 10 _______________________
6.7 × 10 _______________________ 3.4 × 10 _______________________

Calculate the following. Watch your significant figures.


a) 2.34 × 10 × 9.2 × 10 b) 313.0 × 1.2 × 10
. ×
c) 1648.32 + 845.0 − 250.25 d) . ×

e) 4.5 × 10 × 2.45 × 10 f)
. × .
.
g) 17.34 − 4.90 + 23.17 h)
. ×
. .
i) + j) +
. . .

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1 - Significant Figures and Measurement SCH3U – Quantities in Chemistry

Answers
Give the number of significant figures in each of the following.
1.05 g __3__ 0.0003040 mm __4__
29000 ft __2__ 1.90 × 10 L __3__
One dozen eggs __∞__

Round each of the following to 3 significant figures.


77.0653 ___77.1___ 6.3001 ___6.30___
0.0023455 ___0.00235___ 10.2030 ___10.2___
2.8956 ___2.90___

Convert the following to scientific notation:


45,700 ___4.57 × 10 ___ 0.009 ___9 × 10 ___
23 ___2.3 × 10 ___ 0.9 ___9 × 10 ___
24,212,000 ___2.4212 × 10 ___ 0.000665 ___6.65 × 10 ___
21.9 ___2.19 × 10 ___ 0.00332 ___3.32 × 10 ___
321 ___3.21 × 10 ___ 0.119 ___1.19 × 10 ___

Convert the following numbers in scientific notation to expanded form:


3.825 × 10 ___3825___ 6.3 × 10 ___63000___
2.3 × 10 ___0.023___ 4.44 × 10 ___0.000 004 44___
7.121 × 10 ___7 121 000 000___ 1.2 × 10 ___0.12___
1.8 × 10 ___180___ 8.1 × 10 ___0.000 81___
6.7 × 10 ___670 000___ 3.4 × 10 ___34 000 000___

Calculate the following. Watch your significant figures.


a) 2.2 × 10 b) 3.8 × 10
c) 2243.1 d) 7.16 × 10
e) 1.1 × 10 f) 0.46
g) 35.61 h) 2.7 × 10
i) 760 j) 0.943

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