chapter 8

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Griffith’s transformation experiments

a. changed proteins into DNA.
b. caused harmless bacteria to become deadly.
c. resulted in DNA molecules becoming proteins.
d. were designed to show the effect of heat on bacteria.
____ 2. Griffith’s experiments showed that
a. dead bacteria could be brought back to life.
b. harmful bacteria were hardier than harmless bacteria.
c. heat caused the harmful and harmless varieties of bacteria to fuse.
d. genetic material could be transferred between dead bacteria and living bacteria.
____ 3. Avery’s experiments showed that transformation
a. is prevented by protein-destroying enzymes.
b. is prevented by DNA-destroying enzymes.
c. causes protein to become DNA.
d. is caused by a protein.
____ 4. Avery and his research team concluded that
a. RNA was the genetic material.
b. protein bases were the genetic material.
c. DNA and RNA were found in the human nucleus.
d. DNA was responsible for transformation.
____ 5. All of the following are true of the viruses Hershey and Chase used in their study except
a. they consisted of DNA surrounded by a protein coat.
b. they injected their DNA into cells.
c. they destroyed the DNA of the infected bacteria.
d. they caused infected bacteria to make many new viruses.
____ 6. Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of
a. amino acids. c. monosaccharides.
b. fatty acids. d. nucleotides.
____ 7. Which of the following is not part of a molecule of DNA?
a. deoxyribose c. phosphate
b. nitrogen base d. ribose
____ 8. A nucleotide consists of
a. a sugar, a protein, and adenine.
b. a sugar, an amino acid, and starch.
c. a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
d. a starch, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
____ 9. The part of the molecule for which DNA is named is the
a. phosphate group. c. nitrogen base.
b. sugar. d. hydrogen bonds.
____ 10. The entire molecule shown in the diagram above is called a(n)
a. amino acid. c. polysaccharide.
b. nucleotide. d. pyrimidine.
____ 11. Of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, which two are purines and which two are pyrimidines?
a. purines: adenine, thymine; pyrimidines: uracil, cytosine
b. purines: adenine, thymine; pyrimidines: guanine, cytosine
c. purines: adenine, guanine; pyrimidines: thymine, cytosine
d. purines: uracil, thymine; pyrimidines: guanine, cytosine
____ 12. The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of
a. protein. c. adenine.
b. thymine. d. cytosine.
____ 13. adenine : thymine ::
a. protein : DNA c. guanine : cytosine
b. Watson : Crick d. guanine : thymine
____ 14. Watson and Crick built models that demonstrated that
a. DNA and RNA have the same structure.
b. DNA is made of two strands that twist into a double helix.
c. guanine forms hydrogen bonds with adenine.
d. thymine forms hydrogen bonds with cytosine.
____ 15. The scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA are
a. Avery and Chargaff. c. Mendel and Griffith.
b. Hershey and Chase. d. Watson and Crick.
____ 16. X-ray diffraction photographs by Wilkins and Franklin suggested that
a. DNA and RNA are the same molecules.
b. DNA is composed of either purines or pyrimidines, but not both.
c. DNA molecules are arranged as a tightly coiled helix.
d. DNA and proteins have the same basic structure.
____ 17. Watson and Crick : DNA ::
a. Avery : nucleotides c. Wilkins and Franklin : DNA
b. Hershey and Chase : protein d. Chargaff : X rays
____ 18. During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made from each original DNA strand. Thus,
if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be
 a. TTGCATG. c. CCTAGCT.
b. AAGTATC. d. GGATCGA.
____ 19. Which of the following is not true about DNA replication?
a. It must occur before a cell can divide.
b. Two complementary strands are duplicated.
c. The double strand unwinds and unzips while it is being duplicated.
d. The new DNA molecule has two newly-made strands.
____ 20. The attachment of nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA during replication
a. is accomplished by DNA polymerase.
b. is accomplished only in the presence of tRNA.
c. prevents separation of complementary strands of RNA.
d. is the responsibility of the proofreading enzymes.
____ 21. RNA differs from DNA in that RNA
a. is double-stranded. c. contains the nitrogen base uracil.
b. contains deoxyribose. d. does not contain adenine.
____ 22. Which of the following is not found in RNA?
a. adenine c. thymine
b. cytosine d. uracil
____ 23. RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that the sugar in RNA has an additional
a. oxygen atom. c. nitrogen base.
b. phosphate group. d. carbon atom.
____ 24. In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to
a. cytosine. c. thymine.
b. guanine. d. uracil.
____ 25. Each of the following is a type of RNA except
a. carrier RNA. c. ribosomal RNA.
b. messenger RNA. d. transfer RNA.
____ 26. Which cell organelle contains its own DNA?
a. the Golgi apparatus c. the plasma membrane
b. the mitochondria d. the ER
____ 27. Which of the following things is never found as a part of a virus?
a. DNA c. nucleus
b. RNA d. protein
 chapter 8
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 13.1.2

2. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 13.1.2
3. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 13.1.2
4. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 13.1.2
5. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 13.1.2
6. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 13.1.3
7. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 13.1.3
8. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 13.1.3
9. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 13.1.3
10. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 13.1.3
11. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 13.1.4 | 13.1.3
12. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 13.1.4 | 13.1.3
13. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 13.1.4
14. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 13.1.5
15. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 13.1.5
16. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: I OBJ: 13.1.5 | 13.1.3
17. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 13.1.5
18. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 13.2.1
19. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 13.2.1
20. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: III OBJ: 13.2.2
21. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 13.3.2
22. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 13.3.2
23. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 13.3.2
24. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 13.3.2
25. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 13.3.2
26. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 14.3.1
27. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: II OBJ: 14.3.2