Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the Study

The will to make art is something that every artist thrives

to have when creating their desired works, and thus productivity
occurs. Especially with the visual artists, one will be inspired
by the people that they look up to such as famous artists that
sparks their motivation to create art, and their own surroundings.
One of the factors that affects an artist’s productivity by their
surroundings is the rise of the digital era, which includes Artificial
Intelligence or also known as AI.

According to Copeland (2023), Artificial intelligence (AI) is

the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to
perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. The
term is frequently applied to the project of developing systems
endowed with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans,
such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or
learn from past experience. Some popular examples include
advanced search engines, recommendation systems for products
and services, voice assistants like Siri and Alexa, self-driving
cars by companies like Waymo, generative tools such as
ChatGPT, as well as playing strategic games at a high level
like chess and go, and AI art.
 Furthermore, AI art pertains to artwork that is created with
the help of artificial intelligence. The field of AI involves
developing machines that imitate or replicate human intelligence,
often utilizing algorithms that simulate the functions of the brain.
(Kerner, S.M., 2023)

As visual artists, the researchers observed that the use

of artificial intelligence in the art field does have a huge impact
on artists. By producing fresh ideas, automating tedious
processes, and offering cutting-edge insights, AI can increase
productivity. However, it's crucial to consider moral issues related
to authorship, uniqueness, and human creativity.

According to Hong and Curran (2019), the study found

that human-created artworks and AI-created artworks were not
judged to be equivalent in their artistic value. Additionally,
knowing that a piece of art was created by AI did not, in
general, influence participants’ evaluation of art pieces’ artistic
value.

Additionally, according to De Leon (2022), the topic of

AI-generated art in Manila, Philippines, calls into question the
authenticity and legitimacy of artists' work while also casting
doubt on their livelihood. Since when an artificial intelligence
program can create, within minutes, an aesthetically pleasing
digital painting based on a few simple text prompts, it will
certainly lead to questions about the “genuineness” or
“legitimacy” of a work of art, and about the fate of living,
breathing human beings whose livelihoods depend on artistic
skills.
 Moreover, the influence of AI on artists in Cebu is
complex, involving issues with creative identity, morality, and
technology dependence as well as the potential for increased
productivity and creativity, depending on how the artists negotiate
it.

As a matter of fact, there are several reasons in mind

why the researchers chose this study. Knowing what AI art is
in this digital world is a crucial aspect in this study as it affects
an artist’s productivity and more importantly their livelihoods in
the near future. Conducting a study in this topic can also be
a helpful guide to digital artists as they navigate their way
towards the future of art.

Theoretical Background

This study is anchored on Charlie Gilkey’s Theory of

Productivity. According to Gilkey (2008), this theory emphasizes
the influence of meaningful work on a person’s productivity.
Gilkey argues that creative energy, focus, motivation, aptitude,
ideal time, difficulty, and distractions can be the forces that
affect productivity. This theory emphasizes the idea that these
forces create the hidden logic behind an artist’s productivity.
The theory of productivity projects the idea that a work that
they consider as meaningful can play a huge factor regarding
on an artist’s productivity to which can be the key to this
research.

This study is guided by Adam Smith’s Rational Choice

Theory. The theory suggests that an individual will perform a
cost-benefit analysis to determine whether an option is beneficial
for the people making a choice for themselves. (Browning, G.
Halcli and Webster, F., 2000).

Moreover, rational choice theory suggests that an artist's

choice to partake something that is flourishing and enticing for
them (AI art phenomenon) is the most logical way to take
advantage of the situation and thus end up benefiting them.
(Milgrom, P. and Levin, J., 2015)

This study is anchored by REPUBLIC ACT 9105. This

act is an act defining the crime of art forgery, providing
penalties, and institutionalizing the mechanism for art
authentication, appropriating funds therefore and for other
purposes. (Arroyo, G.M., 2001)

However, this republic act can’t guarantee an artist’s

protection towards AI art, but it can be potentially helping artists
against AI theft.

This study is supported by REPUBLIC ACT No. 4165.

This passage describes the creation of a National Commission
on Culture in the Philippines to oversee and support various
forms of Philippine arts and letters, such as music, drama,
painting, sculpture, literature, and dance. The Commission is
composed of a commissioner and fourteen members appointed
by the President of the Philippines, with representation from
different artistic fields and the public. The Commissioner serves
for six years, while members serve for six years as well, with
some serving a shorter initial term. There is a limitation on
reappointment, and the Commission is administratively
supervised by the President of the Philippines. (Katigbak, M.
K., 1964)

Specifically, this bill suggests that it can help artist’s

productivity by providing them a platform and reason to create
their art and thus help them with their livelihoods in the process.

One of the output suggestions is doing an art exhibition

on the school premises. Art exhibitions are a great way for the
public to connect with diverse forms of art. By featuring different
types of art from all over the world, museums and galleries
can introduce people to various artistic styles and ideas that
they may not have been exposed to previously. This helps in
promoting diversity and respect for different cultures among
society while providing an opportunity for individuals to gain
valuable insight into different perspectives. (Marshall,n.d.)

Considering the fact that art has the ability to inspire and
motivate people in various ways, displaying art that is beautiful,
thought-provoking or inspiring can encourage people to
appreciate and explore their own creativity in the field of art.

Furthermore, the idea of creating a workshop that tackles

AI art and how to utilize it efficiently is also one of the
suggested school activities. A workshop is a planned and
interactive session aimed at establishing a conducive
atmosphere for purposeful work and guiding a group through a
process that will result in positive outcomes. A workshop
typically involves hands-on activities, facilitation techniques,
group discussions, simulations, and collaborative exercises,
which allow participants to explore, ideate, and participate in
achieving their desired outcomes. Whether that’s aligning on a
perfect solution to a tricky problem or improving their skills
exponentially. (Smart, J., 2023)

Additionally, conducting a workshop about AI art creates

an opportunity for the people that have little to no knowledge
about AI art to learn more about it and thus benefit them
through their art endeavors.
 R.A, 9105 Crime of Art Forgery,
Smith’s Rational Choice Providing Penalties
Theory
R. A. 4165 Creating the National
Gilkey’s Rational Choice Commission on Culture and
Theory Providing Funds

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Visual Artists

Visual Artist’s productivity

School Activities Proposal:

Art Exhibit
Workshop about AI Art

Figure 1. Theoretical Framework of the Study

 THE PROBLEM

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

To identify potential advantages, difficulties, and ethical

issues, the study examines how productivity and creative
processes of visual artists in Badian NHS are impacted by AI
art tools. It also examines the relationship between AI and
human creativity.

In particular, it addresses the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. age;

1.2. gender

2. To what extent does the use of AI in art creation impact

the quality and quantity of an artist's output?

3. What strategies do artists employ to balance the use of AI

tools with their personal creative expression and productivity
goals?

4. Based on the findings, what school activities can be

proposed?

Hypothesis
This study formulated the hypothesis below:
H . Using AI art would boost a visual artist’s productivity.
0
H . Using AI art would disrupt a visual artist’s productivity.
1

H . Using AI art has nothing to do with a visual artist’s

2

productivity.
Significance of the Study

This study is essential through navigating in the

digital era, specifically the Artificial Intelligence era as visual
artists in the art field. Additionally, this study will greatly benefit
the following:

School. With this research, the school will be able to

use it to their advantage as this tackles about AI, especially AI
art that could potentially help them and their students move
forward in this digital era.

School staff. The school staff can benefit from this study
by taking to an account how AI can affect them and their
students so they will have a guide on what to do.

Students. This study will give the students awareness

about Artificial Intelligence and how it can also affect them in
their lives, not only towards artists but to them as students as
well.

Visual art students. Especially the visual artists, this

study will help them know on how to use AI art to their
advantage as this study will be a guide towards their future in
the art field.

Parents. The parents would be able to help their children

with the knowledge of Artificial Intelligence’s existence and guide
them on how to use it to their advantage.

Future Researchers. The future researchers are the

direct beneficiary of this study as it encourages them on learning
more about AI art and to take advantage on its usefulness to
boost productivity.
 The Research Methodology

Research Design

This study will employ descriptive research as it aims to

accurately describe the phenomenon of AI art affecting a visual
artist’s productivity. Appropriate statistical measures were used in
the treatment of data.

Flow of the Study

Figure 2 shows the flow of the study as the basis in

conducting the research. The inputs of the study include the
respondent’s qualification to be part of the study, and its
validated questionnaires appropriate for this study.

As data gathered, a thorough process will be conducted

which includes tabulation, analysis, and interpreting the gathered
data by using simple percentage, and weighted mean.

The findings of this research study were made as the

basis of AI art’s influence towards the visual artists’ productivity
and give ideas on how to gain more knowledge surrounding AI
art to improve their workflow by using Artificial Intelligence in
their process of making art.
 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Qualified
Respondents:
Data were:
Visual Artists:
 Gathered
 Traditional Suggested
artist  Tabulated School
 Analyzed Activities:
 Digital
artist
 Interpreted  Art
Exhibit
 Knowledge Using:
about AI  Workshop
art  Simple about AI
Percentage Art
 Weighted
Validated
Mean
questionnaires

Figure 2. Flow of the Study

Environment

The study is conducted at Badian National High School.

Badian is one of the 41 municipalities in Cebu Province and is
consist of 29 barangays. It is situated 97 km. Southwest part
of Cebu. Badian has many tourists’ destination includes
Kawasan Falls, Lambug Beach, Osmeña Peak, Badian Highland,
Badian Island and others.

Badian is located in the southwest part of Cebu,

Philippines bounded by the towns of Moalboal (north), Alegria
(south), Dalaguete and Argao (east) and the Tañon Strait (west).

There are six secondary schools in the municipality of

Badian. Saint James Academy, as the only private school in
Badian. Public schools include Tubod National High School,
Zaragosa Integrated School, Sanlagan National High School,
Manduyong National High School and lastly Badian National
High School, the biggest secondary school in Badian.

Badian National High School is located in Poblacion

Badian Cebu near the Badian Birthing Center and Badian
Training Center. The school includes Junior High School, that
also offers two programs called Special Program in the Arts
(SPA) and Science, Technology, and Engineering (STE). The
Senior High School offers 3 tracks and 9 strands which is the
Academic Track includes Accounting, Business and Management
(ABM), Electrical Installation and Maintenance (EIM), Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) and Humanities and
Social Sciences (HUMSS). Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL)
Track includes Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Caregiving,
Cookery and Information and Communications Technology (ICT)
that is consist of Programming and Computer Systems Servicing
(CSS), and lastly, the Arts and Design (AD) track.
 Figure 3

Map of the Research Environment

Respondents

The respondents of the study are twelve (12) grade 11

and grade 12 visual art students of Arts and Design of
Badian National High School. 6 of them are from section
Mozart, comprising the 50% of the respondents. The other 6
are from section Rembrandt, also comprising the 50% of the
respondent, which leads us to the total of 100% from both
sections.

Table 1

Respondents of the Study

Respondents

Strand/Grade Level/ Number Percentage

Section/SPECIALIZATION

Arts and Design Grade

12-MOZART
6 50

Arts and Design Grade

11- REMBRANDT
6 50

Total 12 100

Instruments
 The main tool used in this study was a researcher-made
questionnaire. All of the respondents were provided with a series of
questions. The objective is to find patterns, contents, and categories
in the data and comprehend their meaning. This study will employ a
data collecting method using survey questionnaires as the
instrument to help understand more about visual artists and their
knowledge regarding to Al art, and how it affects them.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers devised a study with the title “AI ART:
Productivity Among Visual Arts SHS Students in Badian NHS
Arts and Design Track”. The researcher's adviser double-
checked, revised, and amended the original proposed title to
"AI ART: Visual Artists’ Productivity" in order to ensure
compliance with the research topic.

Subsequently, using the research questions from the

problem statement as a guide, the researchers will start by
analyzing the data and getting acquainted with the topics. A
questionnaire-checklist was created with the intention of eliciting
appropriate responses regarding the study's goals. The
researcher created this questionnaire-checklist, which was then
given to, examined, and confirmed by the research adviser to
ensure the validity of the replies elicited.

Data will be collected from completed questionnaires

were checked, sorted, tabulated, and analyzed using
Microsoft Excel in accordance with the research strategy
outlined in this chapter, and the data was then ready for the
 final presentation to specialists in various fields of
specialization.

Scoring Procedure

Most Relatability with AI Art when Creating Art.

This scoring procedure uses the 5-point scale from 5= Strongly
Agree to 1= Strongly Disagree. The respondents will be using
the circle shading method to the corresponding columns in
each item. Then determining the weighted mean in each item
and rank which of the following respondents relate the most
from the impact of Al art in their art endeavors.

Scale Verbal Description Explanation

5 Strongly Agree Extreme relatability

4 Agree Relatable
3 Neutral No opinion/ No idea
2 Disagree Doesn’t apply to them/ Never occurred to
them
1 Strongly Disagree Extremely against the question given

DEFINITION OF TERMS

To fully understanding some of the terms used in this

study, the following terms are defined operationally:
 Algorithms. It is a procedure used for solving a problem
or performing a computation.

Aptitude. It is the natural ability to learn or perform in

a specific area.

Art Endeavors. it is the ability to invent and develop

original ideas, especially in the arts.

Authorship. It is the identity of the person who has

written or owning something.

Copyright. It is the legal protection extended to the

owner of the rights in an original work.

Digital Era. It is the present time that is under a massive

influence of the internet and technologies.

Ethic issues. It is a problem or situation that requires a

person to choose between two options, where both options are
morally wrong.

Institutionalizing. It is the process of developing or

transforming rules or norms that influence a set of human
interactions.

Interactive. It is the communication between people and

digital devices.

Legislation. It is the making or giving laws.

Legitimacy. It is something that is recognized and

accepted as right and proper.
 Phenomenon. It is a fact or situation that is observed
to occur or to exist.

Productivity. It is the amount of work an individual

accomplishes within a certain amount of time.

Tedious. It is the act of tiredness.

Workshop. It is an interactive meeting of a certain topic

in which a group of people share their knowledge or experience.
 Chapter 2

PRESENTATION, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

This chapter focuses on the analysis and interpretation of the

data gathered in the study. The interpretation was guided by the
sequence of the specific problems presented in Chapter 1.

PERFORMANCE OF THE RESPONDENTS

The performance of the respondents’ as to participating in the

study with a series of questionnaires indicates a vital role in this
study. Since this study aims to determine the extent of the impact of
artificial intelligence in an artist’s productivity, the descriptive and
quantitative rating under each level, number of responses during the
survey, its frequency and percentage are presented below.

Demographic Profile

In order to determine the diversity of the respondents, this

section provides demographic profiling of the respondents such as
their gender and age. This information is essential to help determine
whether the respondents fit the requirements for the study.

Table 2.1
 Age Frequency Percentage

16-19 11 92

20-25 1 8

Total 12 100

According to the data gathered, 7 (92%) of the respondents

were in the 16-19 age range and 1 (8%) were in the 20-25 age range.

Table 2.2

Gender Frequency Percentage

Female 8 66.66

Male 4 33.33
 Total 12 100

According to the results, 8 (66.66%) of the respondents were

females and 4 (33.33%) were males.

Table 3

IMPACT

Description Frequency Percentage

Strongly Disagree 7 5.83

Disagree 13 10.83

Neutral 41 34.16

Agree 42 35

Strongly Agree 17 14.16

 Total 120 100

The results shows that 7 (5.83%) of the respondents had

strongly disagreed having AI included on their art production, 13
(10.83%) had disagreed having to use AI on their art production, 41
(34.16%) had neutral opinions about AI art’s impact, 42 (35%) are in
favor of AI’s usefulness with their productivity, and 17 (14.16%) have
strongly agreed having AI art on their art production.

Table 4

STRATEGIES

Description Frequency Percentage

Strongly Disagree 3 2.5

Disagree 16 13.33

Neutral 46 38.33
 Agree 36 30

Strongly Agree 19 15.83

Total 120 100

The data collected reveals that 3 (2.5%) of the respondents

had strongly disagreed with cooperating with AI on their art
production, 16 (13.33%) had disagreed having to use AI on their art
production, 46 (38.33%) had neutral opinions about using AI art, 36
(30%) are in favor of using AI in their art production, and 19 (15.83%)
have strongly agreed on using AI art to boost their productivity.

Results. The table shows that majority of the respondents

have a positive outlook towards AI art and has impacted their art
productivity significantly. By the use of AI art, artists were able to
experiment, create and innovate ideas more efficiently with the help
of artificial intelligence.
AI ART: PRODUCTIVITY AMONG VISUAL ARTISTS SHS
STUDENTS IN BADIAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

A Study

Presented by the

Visual Arts Discipline

SHS Arts and Design Track Grade 12

Badian National High School

Researchers:

Diez, Kyna Marie Therese

Marallano, Phoebe Jane

Languita, Toska Zaika Amalia

Lantaco, Leonel

Abrenica, John Nathaniel

Español, Gian
Esparwa, Andrew

2023-2024