Amrapali Institute of Management & Com

Concept Notes
Subject: Computer Fundamentals (B

S.No Word Defini

1 INPUT to enter data into the computer for processsing the data entered.
2 OUTPUT to transfer data from the computer to device that allow you to see,hear,or fell it; the data t
3 PROCESS A process is an instance of a program running in a computer.
4 ACCURACY The quality or condition of being true , correct, or exact.
5 STORAGE space where you put things when they are not being used .
6 VERSATILITY Versatility allow you to adapt to many different situation.
7 ACCESS The reading or writing a data
8 ACL (ACCESS CONTROL LIST) a list of the services avilable on a server
9 ADDRESS A group of character that identify a register.
10 AGGREGATE a total created from smaller units.
11 ALGORITHM A set of rules for solving problem in a given number of steps.
12 ANALOG A method of sttoring information
13 APPLICATION The use of which a data processing system is put within a given discipline,network applicatio

14 APPLICATION SOFTWARE A group of programs designed to performtasks that can be tailored to a users specific needs
15 ARCHIVE to copy programs and data onto an storage medium for a long term.
16 ASCII AMERICAN STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION INTERCHANGE. The form in which text cha
17 ASSEMBLER A program that converts symbolically-coded programs into object level,machine code.
18 BCD Binary Codced Decimal is a representation of number in computers
19 BATCH PROCESSING A method of organizing work for a computer system,design to reduce overhead by grouping
20 BATCH QUERY A query that has been saved so that it can be use more than one and run in the background
21 BINARY A file containing one or more string of data bits which are not printable character.
22 BINARY NUMBER
23 BIT A binary digit, either a 0 or 1
24 BOOTING Turning on your computer.
25 BROADCAST A single message addresed to all nodes on a network.
26 BROWSER A software tool used to read electronic documents.
27 BUFFER A temporary memory for a data,normally used to accommodate the difference in the rate a
28 CHIP A tiny piece of semi-conductive material,usually based on silicon,used in the manufacture o
29 CLIENT A computer program that uses the services of another computer program.
30 COBOL COMMON BUSINESS ORIENTED LANGUAGE. The first standardized computer language.
31 COMMAND A request,typed from a terminal pr embedded in a file, to perform an operation or to execu
32 COMPILER A program that translates human-readable programs into a form the computer understands
33 CPU CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT. The main internal component of a computer where executions
34 DATA Information suitable for communication,interpretation or processing by a computer.
36 DOS DISK OPERATING SYSTEM.A microsoft program that control a computer transfer of data to a
37 DRIVE A genetic term used to identify the equipment that serves as a player or recoder for a stora
38 FILE A collection of any form of data that is stored beyond the time execution of a single job.
39 FOLDER A place where a user's e-mail messages may be stored.
40 GARBAGE Unwanted or meaningless information in memory,on disk or on a tape .
41 GRAPHIC A computer-generated picture produced on a computer screen or paper,ranging from simp
42 HARDWIRED Circuits that are permanently interconnected to perform a specific function,as distinct from
43 HTML HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE.A convention of codes used to access documents over the
44 I/O input/output. The part of the computer system.
45 INDEX A list of the message contained in the conference or a mail folder.
46 INSTANCE A particular occurrence of an object defined by a class.
47 IP INTERNET PROTOCOL. The internet standard protocol that provides a common layer that pr
48 LAN LOCAL AREA NETWORK.A network that usually covers contiguous and fairly small geographi
49 MACRO A single computer instruction that stands for a given sequence of computer .
50 MAGNETIC TAPE A tape with a magnetizable sufrace layer on which data can stored by magnetic recording.
51 MAIN MEMORY Usually the fastest strong device of a computer and the one from which instruction are exec
52 MAINFRAME The cabiner that houses the central processing unit and main memory of a computer system
53 MB Megabytes,1,048,576 bytes, often used to mean one million bytes
54 MEMORY A device or medium that serves the temporary storage of programs and data during progra
55 MICROCOMOUTER A computer system in which the central processing unit is built as a single tiny semiconduct
56 STORAGE Storage is a process through which digital data is saved within a data storage device by mea
57 PROCEDURE A portion of a high level language program that perform a specific task.
58 PROGRAM A set of instructions and program that a machine is capable of executing.
59 QUERY A request that specify the Manner in which data is to be extracted from one or more databa
60 RAM RANDOM ACESS MEMORY. In which each element can be individually addressed and access
61 REAL TIME The processing of transjection as they occur rather then batching them.
62 ROM READ ONLY MEMORY. Infromation is stored once ususally by the manufacturer,that cannot
63 ROOT DIRECTORY The directory that contains all other directories.
64 SCANNER A device that sences alerations of light and dark.
65 SCHEDULING An automated capability to scheduling meeting and resources by looking at online calender
66 SERVER A computer that shares its , resources such as printers and files,which other computer on th
67 SOFTWARE Computer programs that perform Various tasks .Word processing programs such as MICROS
68 SQL STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE.ANSI standard data manipulated language used in the mo
69 STORAGE Device A device or medium that can retain data for subsequence retrival.
70 UNIX A popular computer software operating system used on many Internet host system.
71 VARIABLE In social science research , for each unit of analysis,each item of data is called a varibale.
72 NIBBLE A group of 4 bits is called nibble.
73 RELIABILITY It is a attribute of any computer related component such as software or hardware. That con
74 DEPENDENCY It is a state in which one object uses a function of another object.
75 WORKSTATION It is a single user computer system,similar to personal computer, however has a more powe
76 PC (PERSONAL COMPUTER )It is a single user computer system having moderately powerful mi
77 PDF PORTABLE DOCUMENT FORMATE is a file type created by Adobe System.
78 PROCESSOR The processor is the brain of the computer.it is responsible for performing calculations and
79 PROTOCOL Protocol is a standard or set of rules that computer and other device use when communicati
80 TRACKS It is concentric cicles found in the disc where data can be stored
81 mesh network All nodes are connected to each other and can exchange data
82 Partial mesh network Some nodes are connected to each other in a full mesh scheme, but others are only connec
83 Point-to-point networkNetwork connectivity is limited to two endpoints.
84 Star network All network nodes are connected to a common central computer
85 Tree network Two or more star networks are connected together
86 Bus network Network devices are attached directly to a transmission line. All signals pass through all dev
87 Ring network Network devices are connected to each other in a ring format, where each device is connec
88 Pen Drive includes flash memory with an integrated USB interface
89 SSD Solid State Drive, a mass storage device like HDDs. It is more durable because it does not co
90 storage location the location information is saved. By default, most information is saved to your computer h
91 time slicing the process of devoting a portion of processor time to each of several tasks
92 backing up the process of copying the data to another medium so that a duplicate is available for use s
93 restoring the process of copying data from the backup media to a hard disk after a failure has been r
94 background task the task that the computer works on when the foreground task is not active
95 logical device devices that operating systems are frequently designed to use on a generic basis
hierarchical directory
96 structure a structure used by most operating system in which the directory is arranged as an inverted
97 virtual memory refers to the use of disk space to simulate memory
98 program manager creates the Windows program groups and allows you to select the program you want
99 configuring refers to the process of making the desired match between logical and physical computer d

100 Augmented Reality (AR) Technology that uses software to superimpose various forms of digital content – such as vid

a hypothetical three-dimensional visual world created by a computer; user wears special go

101 virtual reality interact with objects as if inside it
agement & Computer Applications
ncept Notes
r Fundamentals (BCA - 113)

Definition
hear,or fell it; the data transferred.

cipline,network application.

to a users specific needs.

m.
he form in which text characters are handeled in most computer systems and network.
level,machine code.

ce overhead by grouping similar jobs.

nd run in the background .
able character.

e difference in the rate at which two device can handel data during s transfer.
ed in the manufacture of electronic component
rogram.
computer language.
an operation or to execute a particular program.
he computer understands.
mputer where executions of anstruction are carried
ng by a computer.
uter transfer of data to and from a hard or floppy disk.
yer or recoder for a storage medium.
cution of a single job.

ape .
paper,ranging from simple line to colourful and detailed images.
function,as distinct from circuit addressed by software in a program.
cess documents over the WORLD-WIDE-WEB.

s a common layer that provides a common layer over dissimilar networks.

nd fairly small geographical area.
omputer .
by magnetic recording.
which instruction are executed.
ory of a computer system,seprate from peripheral devices such as Card reader .

s and data during program execution.

single tiny semiconductor chip or as a small number of chips .
ta storage device by means of computing technology.
ask.
uting.
from one or more database.
lly addressed and access with the same speed as any other element of the memory.
hem.
anufacturer,that cannot be changed.

ooking at online calender.

ich other computer on the network.
rograms such as MICROSOFT WORD ,FOXBASE OR FILE MAKER all are softwares.
anguage used in the most relational data base system.

rnet host system.

ta is called a varibale.

re or hardware. That consistently perform according to its specifications.

owever has a more powerful microprocessor.

moderately powerful microprocessor.
ystem.
orming calculations and tasks.
e use when communicating with one another.

t others are only connected to one or two other nodes in the network
nals pass through all devices, but each device has a unique identity and recognizes signals intended for it.
re each device is connected to at least two other devices.

e because it does not contain optical disks inside like hard disks
aved to your computer hard drive
ral tasks
cate is available for use should the original copy be destroyed or become unsuable
after a failure has been rectified
ot active
a generic basis

arranged as an inverted tree with multiple branches

program you want

and physical computer devices

ital content – such as videos, photos, links, 3D models, and others – in the real environment, predefined images or

er; user wears special goggles and fiber optic gloves etc., and can enter and move about in this world and