Chapter 8

8.3 Measurement in Three Dimensions

A solid is an object with three dimensions. For example, a cube has length,
width, and height. Solids have surface areas (the area of the outside surfaces of
the object) and volumes (the amount of space inside the object^

Measurements in three dimensions include surface area and volume.

Surface area is the amount of space covering the outside of a three-dimensional

shape. We find the surface area by adding the areas of all the faces of a 3-D
object. Surface area is given in square units.

Volume is the amount of space inside a three-dimensional object We find the

volume by multiplying the base times the height or depth of the object. Volume is
given in cubed units.

Below is a review of the equations to use to find the surface area and volume of
common 3-D objects-

Geometric Object Surface Area Volume

Cube

,1 7
A=6b2 V = (Abase)(height)
=b3

4:7
Rectangular Prism
A = 2(wh + Iw + Ih) V = (Abaso)(height)
= Iwh

7 w
Chapter 8

Geometric Object Surface Area Volume

Triangular prism Abase =-^bl V = (Abase)(height)

=^blh
Arectangles = ah + bh + Ch

^total = ^Abase ~*° Arectangles

= bl + ah + bh + ch

Rectangular pyramid = Iw {Ab as e) {height)

)ase v=
3

triangles = ^S + -ws _ Iwh

3

Atotal = Abase + tangles

w = Iw + Is + ws

Cylinder Abase = nr2 V = (Abase)(height)

=nr2h

Alateral surface = 2nrh

total = ^Abase + Alateral surface

= 2 Trr2 + 2nrh

Cone Abase = nr2 ^Abase){height)

nr2h
sral surface = TtTS

^total = Abase + Alateral surface

= nr2 + urs

Note: s is called the slant height. It

is the distance along the curved
surface from the top to a point on
the circumference of the circle at
the base.
Chapter 8

Examples with Solutions

Find the surface area and volume of the following objects.

1. 2.

7\ 12m 9m

/_

5cm 24m

/ 4cm

3cm

Surface Area: Surface Area:

Front & Back: 2(3 5) =30 Base: ^x 15x6=45
Top & Bottom: 2(4 5) =40
Rectangles: (12 x 24) + (15 x 24) + (9 x 24)
Two Ends: 2(3 4)= 24 =288+360+216
=864
Total Surface area 30 + 40 + 24
94 cm2 Total Surface area = 45 +45 + 864
= 954 m2

Volume =5x4x3 Volume =^x 15x6x24

= 60 cm3
= 1080m3

3.

1^
7m

12.8cm

16.7cm

Surface area: Surface area:

Base: 16.7x12.8=213.76 Base: TT x 42 = 50.24

Triangles: ^(16.7xH.5)+^(12.8x11.5) Lateral surface: n x 4 x 7 = 87.92

= 96.025 + 73.6 Total Surface area = 50.24 + 87.92

=169.625
= 138.16m2
Total Surface area = 21376 + 2 x 169»625
= 553.01 cm2
7TX 4^ X 5
Iwh Volume =
Volume = r~

16.7X12.8X8.6 = 8373 m3 (to 2 decimal places)

= 61278 cm3 (to 2 decimal places)

Chapter 8

Exercises 8.3

Find the surface area of the following objects.

^/
1. 2.

7cm 5 cm

11 m 12cm

4m
7 6m

3.

'22^3^
13m

42cm
Chapter 8

5. 6.

7.3m

'7.3m
4.8 cm
7.3m
6.2cm

Find the volume of the following objects.

7. 8.

5cm
7cm

12cm
11m

6m

4m 6cm

9. 10.

_S££CT^
13m
42cm
 12.

7.3m

'7.3m
12.8cm
7.3m
167cm

13. Find the surface area and the volume of the following figure.

8m
16m

5m

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