Impact Factor:7.

539(SJIF) SP Publications ;Vol-6, Issue-4(May), 2024

International Journal Of English and Studies(IJOES)
ISSN:2581-8333 An International Peer-Reviewed and Refereed Journal
__________________________________________________________________________
Venturing Indian Writers' Depictions of Modern Mythological Icons:
Sita and Draupadi
___________________________________________________________________
Reddygari Yamini, Full-time Research Scholar, Department of English, Yogi
Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh
_____________________________________________________________________
Article Received: 15/04/2024
Article Accepted: 13/05/2024
Published Online: 15/05/2024
DOI:10.47311/IJOES.2024.6.5.49

Abstract:
This article offers a captivating exploration of Indian literature, honing in on the
intricate depictions of two legendary mythological figures: Sita and Draupadi. It
traverses through a rich tapestry of literary works, from novels to poetry, to dissect
how Indian writers have breathed new life into these age-old characters within
contemporary frameworks. Central to the analysis are themes of agency, resilience,
and societal norms, which serve as lenses through which the modern incarnations of
Sita and Draupadi are examined. The article delves into the complexities of their
portrayals, unraveling the myriad layers of interpretation woven by authors across
generations.
By scrutinizing the evolving narratives surrounding these timeless icons, the
article illuminates their enduring relevance in modern Indian society. It showcases
the evolution of literary perspectives and underscores the dynamic interplay between
tradition and innovation in Indian storytelling. Readers are invited to contemplate the
profound ways literature reflects and shapes societal perceptions and values through
this exploration.

Keywords: Mythological Icons, Sita, Draupadi, Reimagined, Modern Indian Society.

Introduction:
Embedded within the rich tapestry of Indian mythology lie timeless tales of
heroism, love, sacrifice, and resilience, each weaving intricate threads into the
cultural fabric of the subcontinent. Among these mythological narratives, two iconic
figures, Sita and Draupadi, stand emblematic symbols of virtue, strength, and
womanhood. Rooted in ancient epics such as the Ramayana and the Mahabharata,
the stories of Sita and Draupadi have captivated generations, transcending the
boundaries of time and space to resonate with audiences across millennia.
Sita, the beloved consort of Lord Rama in the epic Ramayana, embodies the
virtues of loyalty, devotion, and unwavering resilience. Her tale is one of love, exile,
and triumph over adversity, serving as a moral compass for generations of Hindus.

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 Impact Factor:7.539(SJIF) SP Publications ;Vol-6, Issue-4(May), 2024
International Journal Of English and Studies(IJOES)
ISSN:2581-8333 An International Peer-Reviewed and Refereed Journal
__________________________________________________________________________
Draupadi, on the other hand, emerges from the Mahabharata as a fiery and assertive
woman whose destiny is intertwined with the fate of the Pandava brothers. Her story
is one of dignity, defiance, and eventual redemption, symbolizing the complexities of
power, politics, and womanhood in ancient India.
Yet, as Indian society evolves, so do the interpretations of these ancient
myths. In recent years, Indian writers have reimagined Sita and Draupadi, infusing
them with new dimensions and contexts that resonate with contemporary audiences.
Through diverse literary forms, including novels, poetry, and plays, these writers
have explored themes of gender dynamics, societal norms, and individual agency,
offering fresh perspectives on these age-old stories.
This exploration embarks on a journey to uncover the multifaceted
dimensions through which modern Sita and Draupadi are depicted and to understand
how their stories resonate with readers in the 21st century. This navigation of the
labyrinth of Indian literature encounters a rich tapestry of narratives that breathe new
life into ancient myths, offering insights into the human condition and the enduring
relevance of mythological icons in shaping our collective consciousness.
The Multifaceted Depictions of Modern Sita in Indian Literature:
The portrayal of the myth of the modern Sita in Indian literature varies widely
depending on the perspective and intent of the individual writer. Sita, the central
female character in the Hindu epic Ramayana, has been reimagined and represented
in numerous ways in modern Indian literature. Here are a few common themes and
approaches adopted by Indian writers:
Feminist Interpretations:
Many Indian writers, particularly feminists, have reinterpreted Sita as a
symbol of feminine strength and resilience rather than just as a passive and obedient
wife. They highlight Sita's courage, independence, and agency in adversity. Writers
often explore themes of patriarchy, gender inequality, and female empowerment
through their portrayal of Sita.
Subversion of Traditional Narratives:
Some writers have subverted traditional narratives surrounding Sita by
questioning established interpretations of her character and actions. They may present
alternative versions of the Ramayana or retell the story from Sita's perspective,
offering new insights into her thoughts, emotions, and experiences.
Modern Contexts and Issues:
Indian writers often place Sita in contemporary settings and address modern
issues such as feminism, social justice, identity politics, and religious intolerance.
They use Sita as a lens to examine and critique contemporary society and its treatment
of women.
Empowerment and Liberation:
In many works of Indian literature, Sita is depicted as breaking free from
societal expectations and finding liberation and self-fulfillment outside traditional
gender roles. Writers explore Sita's journey towards self-discovery and
empowerment, emphasizing her resilience and ability to overcome adversity.
Complexity and Ambiguity:

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 Impact Factor:7.539(SJIF) SP Publications ;Vol-6, Issue-4(May), 2024
International Journal Of English and Studies(IJOES)
ISSN:2581-8333 An International Peer-Reviewed and Refereed Journal
__________________________________________________________________________
Some writers embrace Sita's complexity and ambiguity, portraying her as a
multidimensional multidimensional figure with conflicting desires, emotions, and
motivations. They challenge simplistic interpretations of Sita as either a virtuous
heroine or a victim, presenting her as a flawed and human character.
Indian writers have offered diverse and nuanced portrayals of the myth of the
modern Sita, reflecting the complexity of contemporary Indian society and the
ongoing relevance of the Ramayana narrative. Through their works, these writers
continue to engage with and reinterpret traditional myths and legends, breathing new
life into age-old stories and exploring their enduring significance in the modern
world.
Diverse Literary Portrayals of Modern Sita by Indian Authors:
Several Indian writers have portrayed the myth of the modern Sita in their
works. Here are a few notable examples:
Arundhati Roy:
In her novel "The Ministry of Utmost Happiness," Roy presents a modern
interpretation of Sita through the character Tilo, who embodies resilience and
defiance against societal norms. Roy's portrayal challenges traditional narratives and
explores themes of gender, identity, and political activism.
Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni:
Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni is a renowned author known for her works that
often explore themes of Indian culture, immigration, and the experiences of South
Asian women.
One of her notable works is "The Forest of Enchantments," published in
2019. This novel retelling of the epic Ramayana from the perspective of Sita offers a
nuanced and feminist interpretation of her character. Divakaruni's portrayal of Sita
challenges traditional interpretations and explores her inner thoughts, struggles, and
agency.
In "The Forest of Enchantments," Divakaruni delves into Sita's journey
through her marriage to Rama, her exile in the forest, her abduction by Ravana, and
her subsequent trials. The novel reimagines Sita as a strong, independent woman who
confronts societal expectations and navigates complex relationships with courage and
resilience.
Kamala Markandaya:
Markandaya's novel "The Nowhere Man" offers a contemporary retelling of
the Ramayana, focusing on the character of Sita in a modern Indian context. The book
explores themes of love, betrayal, and female empowerment through Sita's
experiences.
Anita Nair:
Nair's novel Mistress is a modern-day adaptation of the Ramayana. Sita is
portrayed as an independent and strong-willed woman who grapples with societal
expectations and personal desires. The novel examines themes of love, fidelity, and
identity.
Volga:

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 Impact Factor:7.539(SJIF) SP Publications ;Vol-6, Issue-4(May), 2024
International Journal Of English and Studies(IJOES)
ISSN:2581-8333 An International Peer-Reviewed and Refereed Journal
__________________________________________________________________________
Volga's collection of short stories titled "The Liberation of Sita" reimagines
Sita's story from various perspectives, highlighting her agency and resistance against
patriarchal oppression. The stories explore themes of gender, power, and freedom
within the framework of the Ramayana narrative.
These are just a few examples of Indian writers who have portrayed the myth
of the modern Sita in their works. Many other authors have offered their
interpretations and perspectives on this iconic character, contributing to the rich
tapestry of Indian literature.
The Multifaceted Depictions of Modern Sita in Indian Literature:
The myth of Draupadi from the ancient Indian epic, the Mahabharata, has
often been reinterpreted and reimagined by Indian writers in modern times. Draupadi
is a complex and multidimensional character, and writers have explored various
facets of her personality, struggles, and relationships in their works. Here are some
common themes and interpretations found in the portrayals of the modern Draupadi
by Indian writers:
Feminist Perspective:
Many modern interpretations of Draupadi focus on her agency, resilience,
and strength in adversity. Writers often highlight her defiance of patriarchal norms
and her insistence on justice, particularly in the context of her humiliation in the court
of Hastinapur. Draupadi is depicted as a symbol of female empowerment, challenging
traditional gender roles and advocating for women's rights.
Sexuality and Desire:
Some writers explore Draupadi's sexuality and desire, presenting her as a
passionate and sensual woman. They delve into her relationships with the five
Pandava brothers, portraying her as a wife who defies societal expectations of
monogamy and explores her desires. This interpretation adds complexity to
Draupadi's character and challenges conventional notions of morality and fidelity.
Political Allegory:
Draupadi's story is often used as a metaphor for contemporary social and
political issues in India. Writers draw parallels between the power struggles within
the Mahabharata and the political landscape of modern India, highlighting themes of
corruption, injustice, and the abuse of power. Draupadi becomes a symbol of the
marginalized and oppressed, fighting against systemic injustice and inequality.
Psychological Depth:
Some writers delve into Draupadi's psyche, exploring the emotional and
psychological impact of her experiences. They depict her inner turmoil, trauma, and
resilience, offering nuanced portrayals of her character beyond the surface-level
narrative. These interpretations humanize Draupadi, portraying her as a complex and
flawed individual struggling to navigate the complexities of her circumstances.
Reimagining the Myth:
In addition to direct retellings of the Mahabharata, some writers reimagine
Draupadi's story in contemporary settings or alternate universes. They transpose her
character into different contexts, such as urban settings or dystopian futures,
exploring how her essence as a strong and defiant woman transcends time and space.

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 Impact Factor:7.539(SJIF) SP Publications ;Vol-6, Issue-4(May), 2024
International Journal Of English and Studies(IJOES)
ISSN:2581-8333 An International Peer-Reviewed and Refereed Journal
__________________________________________________________________________
Indian writers have approached the myth of Draupadi with creativity and
insight, offering diverse and thought-provoking interpretations that resonate with
contemporary audiences. Through their works, they continue to keep Draupadi's
legacy alive and relevant, highlighting her enduring significance as a symbol of
strength, resilience, and female empowerment.
Diverse Literary Portrayals of Modern Draupadi by Indian Authors:
Several Indian writers have explored the character of Draupadi from the
Mahabharata in contemporary settings, portraying her as a symbol of modern Indian
women's struggles and empowerment. Here are a few notable authors and their works
that depict the myth of modern Draupadi:
Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni:
The Palace of Illusions: Divakaruni's retelling of the Mahabharata from
Draupadi's perspective offers a feminist reinterpretation of the epic. She portrays
Draupadi as a fiercely independent woman grappling with the complexities of love,
power, and destiny.
Kavita Kane:
Karna's Wife: The Outcast's Queen: While this novel primarily focuses on
Karna's wife, Uruvi, Draupadi's character also plays a significant role. Kane presents
Draupadi as a multidimensional figure, exploring her inner turmoil and relationships
with other characters.
Pratibha Ray:
Yajnaseni: The Story of Draupadi: Ray's novel delves deep into Draupadi's
psyche, portraying her as a strong, assertive woman who defies societal norms. The
narrative explores Draupadi's struggles, aspirations, and relationships within the
framework of the Mahabharata.
Kiran Nagarkar:
The Extras: In this novel, Nagarkar reimagines the Mahabharata in a
contemporary setting, with characters from the epic being reborn in modern-day
India. Draupadi's character is depicted as a bold and outspoken woman navigating the
complexities of modern society.
These works offer fresh perspectives on Draupadi's character,
highlighting her relevance in modern times and her enduring appeal as a
symbol of female empowerment and resilience.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Indian writers' reimagining mythological icons such as Sita
and Draupadi is a testament to the dynamic nature of Indian literature and its ability
to reflect and engage with contemporary societal issues. Through diverse literary
forms, from novels to poetry, Indian writers have breathed new life into age-old
stories, offering nuanced portrayals that resonate with modern audiences.
Writers have explored themes of feminism, agency, and empowerment in the
case of Sita, presenting her as a symbol of strength and resilience rather than a passive
figure. By subverting traditional narratives, placing her in modern contexts, and

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 Impact Factor:7.539(SJIF) SP Publications ;Vol-6, Issue-4(May), 2024
International Journal Of English and Studies(IJOES)
ISSN:2581-8333 An International Peer-Reviewed and Refereed Journal
__________________________________________________________________________
embracing her complexity, these writers have enriched the portrayal of Sita and
highlighted her enduring relevance in the face of evolving societal norms.
Similarly, Draupadi has been reinterpreted as a feminist icon, with writers
delving into her agency, sexuality, and psychological depth. They have explored
Draupadi's struggles and resilience through their works, using her story as a metaphor
for contemporary social and political issues. By reimagining Draupadi in modern
settings and offering fresh perspectives on her character, Indian writers have
reaffirmed her status as a symbol of female empowerment and resilience.
Hence, Indian writers' reimagining of Sita and Draupadi reflects the ongoing
evolution of Indian literature and its ability to engage with timeless themes in new
and compelling ways. These writers continue to enrich the literary landscape through
their works, offering diverse perspectives on mythological icons and their relevance
in modern Indian society.

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Ramanujan, A.K.(1992) “Three Hundred Ramayanas: Five Examples and Three
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