ECG 304 CHAPTER 6 (Compatibility Mode)
ECG 304 CHAPTER 6 (Compatibility Mode)
Road Construction
and Maintenance
WEEK 13 - 14
Chapter 6
Content:
1. Stage of road construction
2. Quality control & safety at
construction site
3. Types of road defects & assessment
4. Repair of road defects
Program Outcomes
• PO 3 :
Solve engineering problems
Course Outcomes
• CO1
Explain the development, construction and
maintenance of roads and highways.
Lesson Learning Outcomes
1. Surveying
2. Site Clearance
3. Earthworks
4. Drainage
5. Road Paving
6. Road Furniture
1. Surveying
• Involve measuring and computing horizontal
and vertical angles, vertical heights (elevation),
and horizontal distances.
• Used to prepare base maps with contour lines
and longitudinal cross sections.
• Surveying technique can be grouped into three
(3) general categories:
1. Ground surveys
2. Remote sensing
3. Computer graphics
• Involves four (4) phases:
ü Materials:
a) Aggregates – coarse, fine and mineral filler
(dust/hydrated lime).
b) Binder - penetration graded bitumen of 80-100.
c) Anti-Stripping Agent – Ordinary Portland cement
(OPC) around 2% by weight of combined aggregate.
ü Mix Design:
a) Job Mix Formula
b) Plant Trials
c) Compliance with the Job Mix Formulae
ü Construction Methods:
a) Surface preparation & cleaning
b) Aggregate handling & heating -150ºC to 170ºC.
c) Heating of bitumen - 140ºC to 160ºC.
d) Mixing Asphaltic Concrete – in batch /
continuous mix plant
e) Transportation of Asphaltic Concrete – from the
mixing plant to the site of the paving works
using tip trucks in loads of not less than 5
tonnes (temp before unloading not less than
125ºC).
f) Laying Asphaltic Concrete
- each paving layer shall have a compacted
thickness of not less than twice the nominal
maximum aggregate size of the mixture & not
more than 100 mm.
- laying shall commence along the lower side of
the carriageway and progress to the higher side.
(on superelevated sections and on
carriageways with cross-slope in one direction)
- laying shall not be carried out in a downhill
direction along any section of road.
g) Compaction of Asphaltic Concrete
- as soon after laying as the material will support
the rollers without undue displacement
- asphaltic concrete shall be not less than 110ºC.
- equipment: The steel wheeled rollers (not more
than 5 km/hr) and the pneumatic tyred rollers
(not more than 8 km/hr).
- Within 24 hours of laying and compacting the
mix, the Contractor shall cut core samples of not
less than 100 mm nominal diameter (1 sample
per 500sq.m of mix laid) to determine thickness
& density of compacted layer.
h) Finished Asphaltic Concrete
- Asphaltic concrete binder and wearing courses
shall be finished in a neat and workmanlike
manner
- the minimum thickness at any point shall be not
less than the required thickness minus 5 mm.
- The top surface of a wearing or binder course
shall have the required shape, super-elevation,
levels and grades.
i) Opening to traffic
- not less than 4 hours after the compaction.
- vehicles may be allowed to run on the work after
rolling has been completed, provided that
speeds are restricted to 30 km/hr or less and
sharp turning movements are prohibited.
• Shoulders
ü Earth, gravel or paved shoulders.
6. Roadside Furniture
• Work involve:-
a) Installation of guardrails
b) Installation of permanent traffic signs
c) Road markings
d) Installation of street lighting
e) Installation of traffic signals / roundabouts
Stage of Road Construction
(Images)
Roadside Furniture
Equipment
1) Road Cleaning Equipment
- will be required where asphaltic concrete is to be
laid on a surface which is not to receive a tack
coat.
- include a power broom and compressed air
blower
5) Rollers
- A pneumatic tyred roller and two steel wheeled
tandem rollers
- Steel wheeled rollers shall be equipped with water
tanks, sprinkler systems and scraper blades to keep
all wheels evenly wetted and clean during operation.
Asphalt Paver
Tip-Trucks
Roller
Batch Type Asphalt Mixing Plant
Quality control & safety at construction site
Aggregate
Surface Deformation