Sample for Solution Manual for Starting

Out with Python 4th Global Edition by

Tony Gaddis

Solutions to Programming Problems

Programming Exercise 2-1

print ("Jack Shepard")

print ("123 Lost Lane")
print ("Boston, MA 99999")
print ("704-555-1212")
print ("Computer Science")
 Start

Display “Jack
Shepard”

Display “123
Lost Lane”

Display
“Boston, MA
99999”

Display “704-
555-1212”

Display
“Computer
Science”

End
Programming Exercise 2-2

# Variables to hold the sales total and the profit

salesTotal = 0.0
profit = 0.0

# Get the amount of projected sales.

salesTotal = float(input("Enter the projected sales: "))

# Calculate the projected profit.

profit = salesTotal * 0.23

# Print the projected profit.

print ("The projected profit is ", format(profit, '.2f'))
 Start A

Declare Real Set profit =

salesTotal, profit salesTotal * 0.23

Display “Enter Display “The

the projected projected profit is
sales.” “, profit

End
Input salesTotal

A
Programming Exercise 2-3

# Get the number of pounds.

pounds = input('Enter a value in pounds: ')

# Calculate the amount of kilograms.

kilos = float(pounds) * 0.454

# Print the result.

print(pounds, 'pounds is', format(kilos, '.2f'), 'kilograms.')
Programming Exercise 2-4

# Variables to hold the prices of each item, the subtotal,

# and the total.
item1 = 0.0
item2 = 0.0
item3 = 0.0
item4 = 0.0
item5 = 0.0
subtotal = 0.0
tax = 0.0
total = 0.0

# Constant for the sales tax rate.

TAX_RATE = 0.07

# Get the price of each item.

item1 = float(input("Enter the price of item #1: "))
item2 = float(input("Enter the price of item #2: "))
item3 = float(input("Enter the price of item #3: "))
item4 = float(input("Enter the price of item #4: "))
item5 = float(input("Enter the price of item #5: "))

# Calculate the subtotal.

subtotal = item1 + item2 + item3 + item4 + item5

# Calculate the sales tax.

tax = subtotal * TAX_RATE

# Calculate the total.

total = subtotal + tax

# Print the values.

print ("Subtotal: ", format(subtotal, '.2f'))
print ("Sales Tax: ", format(tax, '.2f'))
print ("Total: ", format(total, '.2f'))
 Start A B

Declare Real Set subtotal =

item1, item2, item1 + item2 +
item3, item4, Display “Enter item3 + item4 +
item5, subtotal, the price of item5
tax, total item #3.”

Constant Real Set tax = subtotal

TAX_RATE = Input item3 * TAX_RATE
0.07

Display “Enter Display “Enter

Set total =
the price of the price of
subtotal + tax
item #1.” item #4.”

Display
Input item1 Input item4 “Subtotal: $”,
subtotal

Display “Enter Display “Enter Display “Sales

the price of the price of Tax: $”, tax
item #2.” item #5.”

Display
Input item2 Input item5 “Total: $”,
total

A B End
Programming Exercise 2-5

# Variables to hold the distances.

distance6Hours = 0.0
distance10Hours = 0.0
distance15Hours = 0.0

# Constant for the speed.

SPEED = 70

# Calculate the distance the car will travel in

# 6, 10, and 15 hours.
distance6Hours = SPEED * 6
distance10Hours = SPEED * 10
distance15Hours = SPEED * 15

# Print the results.

print ("The car will travel the following distances:")
print (distance6Hours,"miles in 6 hours.")
print (distance10Hours,"miles in 10 hours.")
print (distance15Hours,"miles in 15 hours.")
 Start A

Declare Real Display “The car

distance6Hours, will travel the
distance10Hours, following
distance15Hours distances.”

Constant Real Display

SPEED = 70 distance6Hours,
“miles in 6
hours.”

Set
distance6Hours = Display
SPEED * 6 distance10Hours
, “miles in 10
hours.”
Set
distance10Hours =
SPEED * 10
Display
distance15Hours
, “miles in 15
Set hours.”
distance15Hours =
SPEED * 15

A End
Programming Exercise 2-6

# Get the purchase amount and number of instalments.

amount = float(input('Enter the purchase amount: '))
instalments = int(input('Enter the desired number of
instalments: '))

# Calculate the final purchase amount and instalment cost.

finalAmount = amount * 1.05
instalmentCost = finalAmount / instalments

# Print the results.

print('\nFinal purchase amount:', format(finalAmount, '.2f'))
print('Number of instalments:', instalments)
print('Cost per instalment:', format(instalmentCost, '.2f'))
Programming Exercise 2-7

# Declare variables to hold miles driven, gallons

# of fuel used, and miles-per-gallon.
miles = 0.0
gallons = 0.0
mpg = 0.0

# Get the miles driven.

miles = float(input("Enter the miles driven: "))

# Get the gallons of fuel used.

gallons = float(input("Enter the gallons of fuel used: "))

# Calculate miles-per-gallon.
mpg = miles / gallons

# Print the result.

print ("You used", format(mpg, '.2f'), "miles per gallon.")
 Start A

Declare Real miles,

gallons, mpg Input gallons

Display “Enter
the miles Set mpg = miles /
driven.” gallons

Display “You
used”, mpg
Input miles
“miles per
gallon.”

Display “Enter End

the gallons of
fuel used.”

A
Programming Exercise 2-8

# Declare variables for food charges, tip, tax, and total.

food = 0.0
tip = 0.0
tax = 0.0
total = 0.0

# Constants for the tax rate and tip rate.

TAX_RATE = 0.07
TIP_RATE = 0.18

# Get the food charges.

food = float(input("Enter the charge for food: "))

# Calculate the tip.

tip = food * TIP_RATE

# Calculate the tax.

tax = food * TAX_RATE

# Calculate the total.

total = food + tip + tax

# Print the tip, tax, and total.

print ("Tip: $", format(tip, '.2f'))
print ("Tax: $", format(tax, '.2f'))
print ("Total: $", format(total, '.2f'))
 Start A

Declare Real food, tax, Set tax = food *

tip, total TAX_RATE

Constant Real Set total = food + tip +

TAX_RATE = 0.07 tax

Constant Real Display “Tip:

TIP_RATE = 0.18 $”, tip

Display “Enter
the charge for Display “Tax:
food.” $”, tax

Input food Display “Total:

$”, total

Set tip = food * End

TIP_RATE

A
Programming Exercise 2-9

# Import the math module.

import math

# Get radius from user.

radius = float(input('Enter radius of circle: '))

# Calculate area and circumference of circle.

area = math.pi * radius ** 2
circumference = 2 * math.pi * radius

# Print the results.

print('\nArea of circle:', format(area, '.2f'))
print('Circumference of circle:', format(circumference,
'.2f'))
Programming Exercise 2-10

# Variables for the number of cookies,

# cups of sugar, butter, and flour.
cookies = 0.0
sugar = 0.0
butter = 0.0
flour = 0.0

# Constants for the number of cookies, cups

# of sugar, butter, and flour in the original recipe.
COOKIES_RECIPE = 48.0
SUGAR_RECIPE = 1.5
BUTTER_RECIPE = 1.0
FLOUR_RECIPE = 2.75

# Get the number of cookies.

cookies = float(input("Enter the number of cookies: "))

# Calculate the cups of sugar needed to make the cookies.

sugar = (cookies * SUGAR_RECIPE) / COOKIES_RECIPE

# Calculate the cups of butter needed to make the cookies.

butter = (cookies * BUTTER_RECIPE) / COOKIES_RECIPE

# Calculate the cups of flour needed to make the cookies.

flour = (cookies * FLOUR_RECIPE) / COOKIES_RECIPE

# Print the amount of butter, sugar, and flour needed

# to make the specified number of cookies.
print ("To make", cookies, "cookies, you will need:")
print (format(sugar, '.2f'), "cups of sugar")
print (format(butter, '.2f'), "cups of butter")
print (format(flour, '.2f'), "cups of flour")
 Start A B

Declare Real cookies, Input cookies

Display butter,
sugar, butter, flour
“cups of butter.”

sugar = (cookies *
Constant Real SUGAR_RECIPE) /
COOKIES_RECIPE = COOKIES_RECIPE
Display flour,
48.0
“cups of flour.”

butter = (cookies *
BUTTER_RECIPE) /
Constant Real COOKIES_RECIPE
SUGAR_RECIPE = 1.5 End

flour = (cookies *
FLOUR_RECIPE) /
Constant Real COOKIES_RECIPE
BUTTER_RECIPE = 1.0

Display “To
make”, cookies,
Constant Real “cookies, you
FLOUR_RECIPE = 2.75 will need:”

Display “Enter Display sugar,

the number of “cups of sugar.”
cookies.”

B
A
Programming Exercise 2-11

# Variables for the number of male and female students,

# total number of students, and the percentage of male
# and female students.
male = 0
female = 0
total = 0
percentMale = 0.0
percentFemale = 0.0

# Get the number of male students.

male = int(input("Enter the number of male students: "))

# Get the number of female students.

female = int(input("Enter the number of female students: "))

# Calculate the total number of students.

total = male + female

# Calculate the percentage of male students.

percentMale = male / total

# Calculate the percentage of female students.

percentFemale = female / total

# Print the percentage of male students.

print("Male:", format(percentMale, '.2f'), "%")

# Print the percentage of female students.

print("Female:", format(percentFemale, '.2f'), "%")
 Start A

Declare Integer male, percentMale = male / total

female, total

Declare Real percentFemale = female /

percentMale, total
percentFemale

Input male Display “Male:”,

percentMale,
“%:”

Input female
Display
“Female:”,
percentFemale,
“%”
total = male + female

End

A
Programming Exercise 2-12

# Named constants
COMMISSION_RATE = 0.03
NUM_SHARES = 2000
PURCHASE_PRICE = 40.0
SELLING_PRICE = 42.75

# Variables
amountPaidForStock = 0.0 # Amount paid for the stock
purchaseCommission = 0.0 # Commission paid to purchase stock
totalPaid = 0.0 # Total amount paid
stockSoldFor = 0.0 # Amount stock sold for
sellingCommission = 0.0 # Commission paid to sell stock
totalReceived = 0.0 # Total amount received
profitOrLoss = 0.0 # Amount of profit or loss

# Calculate the amount that Joe paid for the stock, not
# including the commission.
amountPaidForStock = NUM_SHARES * PURCHASE_PRICE

# Calculate the amount of commission that Joe paid his broker

# when he bought the stock.
purchaseCommission = COMMISSION_RATE * amountPaidForStock

# Calculate the total amount that Joe paid, which is the amount
# he paid for the stock plus the commission he paid his broker.
totalPaid = amountPaidForStock + purchaseCommission

# Calcualate the amount that Joe sold the stock for.

stockSoldFor = NUM_SHARES * SELLING_PRICE

# Calculate the amount of commission that Joe paid his broker

# when he sold the stock.
sellingCommission = COMMISSION_RATE * stockSoldFor

# Calculate the amount of money left over, after Joe paid

# his broker.
totalReceived = stockSoldFor - sellingCommission

# Calculate the amount of profit or loss. If this amount is a

# positive number, it is profit. If this is a negative number it
# is a loss.
profitOrLoss = totalReceived – totalPaid

# Print the required data.

print ("Amount paid for the stock: $", format(amountPaidForStock, '.2f'))
print ("Commission paid on the purchase: $", format(purchaseCommission, '.2f'))
print ("Amount the stock sold for: $", format(stockSoldFor, '.2f'))
print ("Commission paid on the sale: $", format(sellingCommission, '.2f'))
print ("Profit (or loss if negative): $", format(profitOrLoss, '.2f'))
 Start A B

Constant Real Set totalPaid = Display

COMMISSION_RATE = amountPaidForStock + “Amount paid
0.03 purchaseCommission for stock: $”,
Constant Integer amountPaidFor
NUM_SHARES = 2000 Stock
Constant Real
PURCHASE_PRICE =
40.0 Set stockSoldFor =
Constant Real NUM_SHARES * Display
SELLING_PRICE = 42.75 SELLING_PRICE “Commission
paid on the
purchase: $”,
purchaseComm
Declare Real ission
Set sellingCommission =
amountPaidForStock
COMMISSION_RATE *
Declare Real
stockSoldFor
purchaseCommission Display
Declare Real totalPaid “Amount the
Declare Real stockSoldFor stock sold for:
Declare Real $”,
sellingCommission Set totalReceived = stockSoldFor
Declare Real stockSoldFor -
totalReceived sellingCommission
Declare Real profitOrLoss
Display
“Commission
paid on the
Set amountPaidForStock = sale: $”,
Set profitOrLoss =
NUM_SHARES * sellingCommissi
totalReceived - totalPaid
PURCHASE_PRICE on

Display “Profit
Set purchaseCommission B (or loss if
= COMMISSION_RATE * negative): $,
amountPaidForStock profitOrLoss

A End
Exercise 2-13 Planting Grapevines

# This program calculates the number of grapevines that

# can be planted in a vineyard row.

print('Enter the length of the row, in feet: ', end='')

r = float(input())

print('Enter the amount of space, in feet, used by an end-post assembly: ',

end='')
e = float(input())

print('Enter the distance, in feet, between each vine: ', end='')

s = float(input())

# Calculate the number of vines.

v = (r - 2 * e) / s

print('You have enough space for', v, 'vines.')

Exercise 2-14 Compound Interest

# This program calculates the ending principal in a bank

# account after compounding the interest.

print('Enter the starting principal: ', end='')

p = float(input())

print('Enter the annual interest rate: ', end='')

r = float(input())

print('How many times per year is the interest compounded? ', end='')
n = int(input())

print('For how many years will the account earn interest? ', end='')
t = int(input())

# Adjust the interest rate.

r = r / 100

# Calculate the ending balance.

a = p * (1 + float(r) / n) ** (n * t)

# Display the ending balance.

print('At the end of', t, 'years you will have $', format(a, ',.2f'))
Sample for Answers to Review Questions
Starting Out with Python 4e, GE (Gaddis)
Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and Programming

TRUE/FALSE

1. A software developer is the person with the training to design, create, and test computer programs.

ANS: T

2. A computer is a single device that performs different types of tasks for its users.

ANS: F

3. All programs are normally stored in ROM and are loaded into RAM as needed for processing.

ANS: F

4. The instruction set for a microprocessor is unique and is typically understood only by the
microprocessors of the same brand.

ANS: T

5. The CPU understands instructions written in a binary machine language.

ANS: T

6. A bit that is turned off is represented by the value -1.

ANS: F

7. The main reason to use secondary storage is to hold data for long periods of time, even when the
power supply to the computer is turned off.

ANS: T

8. RAM is a volatile memory used for temporary storage while a program is running.

ANS: T

9. The Python language uses a compiler which is a program that both translates and executes the
instructions in a high-level language.

ANS: F

10. IDLE is an alternative method to using a text editor to write, execute, and test a Python program.

ANS: T
MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Programs are commonly referred to as

a. system software
b. software
c. application software
d. utility programs
ANS: B

2. Which of the following is considered to be the world's first programmable electronic computer?
a. IBM
b. Dell
c. ENIAC
d. Gateway
ANS: C

3. Where does a computer store a program and the data that the program is working with while the
program is running?
a. in main memory
b. in the CPU
c. in secondary storage
d. in the microprocessor
ANS: A

4. What type of volatile memory is usually used only for temporary storage while running a program?
a. ROM
b. TMM
c. RAM
d. TVM
ANS: C

5. Which of the following is not a microprocessor manufacturing company?

a. Intel
b. Dell
c. AMD
d. Motorola
ANS: B

6. Which computer language uses short words known as mnemonics for writing programs?
a. Assembly
b. Java
c. Pascal
d. Visual Basic
ANS: A
 7. The process known as the __________ cycle is used by the CPU to execute instructions in a program.
a. decode-fetch-execute
b. decode-execute-fetch
c. fetch-decode-execute
d. fetch-execute-decode
ANS: C

8. Which language is referred to as a low-level language?

a. C++
b. Assembly language
c. Java
d. Python
ANS: B

9. The following is an example of an instruction written in which computer language?

10110000
a. Assembly language
b. Java
c. machine language
d. C#
ANS: C

10. The encoding technique used to store negative numbers in the computer's memory is called
a. Unicode
b. ASCII
c. floating-point notation
d. two's complement
ANS: D

11. The __________ coding scheme contains a set of 128 numeric codes that are used to represent
characters in the computer's memory.
a. Unicode
b. ASCII
c. ENIAC
d. two's complement
ANS: B

12. The smallest storage location in a computer's memory is known as a

a. byte
b. ketter
c. switch
d. bit
ANS: D

13. What is the largest value that can be stored in one byte?
a. 255
 b. 128
c. 8
d. 65535
ANS: A

14. The disk drive is a secondary storage device that stores data by __________ encoding it onto a
spinning circular disk.
a. electrically
b. magnetically
c. digitally
d. optically
ANS: B

15. A __________ has no moving parts and operates faster than a traditional disk drive.
a. DVD drive
b. solid state drive
c. jumper drive
d. hyper drive
ANS: B

16. Which of the following is not a major component of a typical computer system?
a. the CPU
b. main memory
c. the operating system
d. secondary storage devices
ANS: C

17. Which type of error prevents the program from running?

a. syntax
b. human
c. grammatical
d. logical
ANS: A

18. What is the decimal value of the following binary number?

10011101
a. 157
b. 8
c. 156
d. 28
ANS: C

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1. Select all that apply. To create a Python program you can use
a. a text editor
 b. a word processor if you save your file as a .docx
c. IDLE
d. Excel
ANS: A, C

COMPLETION

1. A(n) ___________ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.

ANS: program

2. The term ___________ refers to all the physical devices that make up a computer.

ANS: hardware

3. The __________ is the part of the computer that actually runs programs and is the most important
component in a computer.

ANS: central processing unit, CPU

4. A disk drive stores data by __________ encoding it onto a circular disk.

ANS: magnetically

5. __________ are small central processing unit chips.

ANS: Microprocessors

6. __________ is a type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when there is no
power to the computer.

ANS: Secondary storage

7. Main memory is commonly known as __________.

ANS: random-access memory, RAM

8. USB drives store data using __________ memory.

ANS: flash

9. The Python __________ is a program that can read Python programming statements and execute them.

ANS: interpreter

10. In __________ mode, the interpreter reads the contents of a file that contains Python statements and
executes each statement.

ANS: script