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Hardness Test

This document reports on the results of an experiment to determine the hardness of three samples using Brinell and Rockwell tests. Sample 1 had the largest indentation diameter and lowest Brinell hardness number. The document analyzes the results and discusses the relationship between indentation diameter and hardness. It is hypothesized that Sample 1 is an alloy since alloys tend to be stronger than pure metals.

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Victor Ouru
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10 views

Hardness Test

This document reports on the results of an experiment to determine the hardness of three samples using Brinell and Rockwell tests. Sample 1 had the largest indentation diameter and lowest Brinell hardness number. The document analyzes the results and discusses the relationship between indentation diameter and hardness. It is hypothesized that Sample 1 is an alloy since alloys tend to be stronger than pure metals.

Uploaded by

Victor Ouru
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CVL 231: ENGINEERING MATERIALS 1 – LAB

By Name

Course

Instructor

Institution

Location

Date
Results

Brinell Test Rockwell Test


Regular Superficial
Sample Indentation HB # Tensile HR # Tensile HR # Tensile
Diameter, d strength, T, strength, T, strength,
ksi ksi T, ksi
1 179.4 18.9 4.65 1/16 60 1/16 15T
0
2 140.45 24.6 3.45 1/8 100 1/8 30T
5
3 129.35 28.3 3.24 1/4 150 1/4 45T
4
Sample calculation

2P
BHN=
πD [ D−√ D −d ]
2 2

For Sample 1

2P 0.102 F 0.102 ×10000


BHN= = =
πD [ D−√ D −d 2 2
] πD [ D− √ D −d
2 2
] 2 × π ×10 (10−( √ 102−1.792 ) )

Discussion

The experimental analysis was carried out with the aim of determining the hardness for each of

the various samples of specimen in which sample 1 had the highest indentation diameter. One

reading was taken for each of the samples during the experimental analysis (Herrmann, 2011).

The values of each of the three readings from the three samples can be taken is used in

determining the Brinell’s Hardness. Brinell’s Hardness refers to accurate evaluation procedure it

which it is able to take measurements of the hardness for different materials as shown in the

equation below. Assuming compression force applied to each of the sample is 10 kN for a period

of 10 seconds during the period of indentation:


In reference to the table above, a conclusion can be made that sample 1 has a larger diameter of

impression in comparison with sample 2 and 3 and as such a relatively lower Brinell’s hardness

number. It can be observed that strength property for sample 1 tend to be stronger in comparison

with sample 2 and 3.

It can be argued that sample 1 is an alloy as in most cases it is noted that alloys tend to be

stronger in comparison with pure metals and as such having higher number values of Brinell’s

hardness (Datsko et al., 2018). This is due to the fact that the stricture of an alloy is composed of

various elements as well as size of atoms that lead in atoms movements not sliding over one

another more easily despite the force compression being applied on the material. Still, pure metal

structure is composed of similar atom sizes in which there is no unique element within the

structure. As such, the pure metal element enables sliding of the atoms onto each other in an

easier manner (Coyal et al., 2020).

Conclusion

The hardness of each of the sample materials was determined through calculation of the Brinell’s

hardness number for every material sample with the aid of the obtained data. Through the Gunt

Universal Material tester use in creating the indentation diameter of every material, the Brinell’s

hardness number was determined. Sample 1 was noted to have the largest indentation diameter in

comparison with the other samples. The relationship between Brinell’s hardness number and the

diameter of indentation is that of inverse proportionality. As such an increase in the indentation

diameter results in a corresponding decrease in the Brinell’s hardness number.


Recommendations

To enhance the quality of the results obtained in this experimental study, care should be taken to

ensure a reduction in the errors. One of such approaches is ensuring the eye level is maintained

perpendicular when recording the scale reading during rotation of the hand wheel to ensure

reduction of parallax error. Still, it is recommended inspection be conducted prior to execution of

the experiment. A comprehensive inspection needs to be conducted and appliance used

maintenance in the experiment. This is aimed at avoiding any uncertainties and inaccuracies.
References

Coyal, A., Yuvaraj, N., Butola, R., & Tyagi, L. (2020). An experimental analysis of tensile,

hardness and wear properties of aluminium metal matrix composite through stir casting

process. SN Applied Sciences, 2, 1-10

Datsko, J., Hartwig, L., & McClory, B. (2018). On the tensile strength and hardness relation for

metals. Journal of materials engineering and performance, 10, 718-722

Herrmann, K. (Ed.). (2011). Hardness testing: principles and applications. ASM international

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