֍8th Class (Science) 2023-24 –(Chapter-1 Crop Production and management) (G.S.S.S.

BHAM HOSHIARPUR) ֍

Chapter –①- Crop Production And Management

Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks. 3) Earthworm is used for preparing:
Answers:- a) Compost b) Manure
1) Any micro-organism or animal that attacks on crops is c) Green manure d) Vermicompost
called a Pest. Ans.:- d) Vermicompost

2) Only one type of plants grown in a field is called a Crop. 4)The process of growing crop without using inorganic
3) Crops grown in winter are called Rabi crops. fertilizer is called -
a) Organic farming b) Hybridization
4) Production and management of fish is called pisciculture. c) Mixed cropping d) Crop rotation
5) Selling of crop yield in market is called marketing. Ans.:- a) Organic farming
5) Three macronutrients are:-
6) Production and management of honey is called
a) Phosphorus, carbon and iron
apiculture.
b) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
7) Grains are stored at home in iron sheet silos .
c) Potassium, calcium and magnesium
B. Write True (T) or False (F). d) Nitrogen, hydrogen and chlorine

1) Pisciculture deals with growing of fruits and vegetables. Ans.:- b) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
Ans- False 6) The process of cleaning grains from chaff is called:
2) Excessive use of fertilizers can turn soil acidic or basic. a) Harvesting b) Broadcasting
Ans- True c) Thrashing d) Winnowing
3) Manure contains more nutrients (in quantity) than Ans.:- d) Winnowing
fertilizers.
Ans- False E. Very Short Answer type questions.
4) A wooden plank is used for digging the soil. 1) Name any two animals reared for milk.
Ans- False Ans:- a) Cows b) buffaloes.
5) A plough is an agricultural tool used for tilling the soil.
Ans- True 2) Name any two ancient methods of irrigation.
Ans:- a) Persian wheel (Halt) b) Dhekli
C. Match column A with B column:
Ans- Correct matching is as Follows:- 3) What is a plough?
Ans:- Plough is used for ploughing, tilling, turning over the
Column A Column B
soil and mixing the manure into the soil.
1) It is an agriculture tool/ A. Urea
4) Where are vegetables and fruits stored?
machinery which can reap
Ans:- Vegetables and fruits are stored in cold storages.
and thresh grains.
F. Short Answer type Questions.
2) Keeping birds for meat and B. Rabi crops
5) What is a weed? Name any two weeds, and one
eggs is called.
method of removing them.
3) It is nitrogen rich fertilizer C. Kharif crops Ans:- a) Weeds are unwanted plants that grow along with
4) Barley and mustard D. Poultry the crop.
b) examples- Amaranthus (Chulai) and Chenopodium
5) Maize and paddy E. Combine
(bathu).
c) Removal of weed from the field is called weeding. One
D. Choose the correct answer: method of removing weeds is uprooting weeds with
hands.
1) Broadcasting is a method of-
a) Weeding b) Sowing 6) What is hybridization? How is it useful?
c) Irrigation d) Reaping Ans:- a) Producing new crop varieties with crossing two or
Ans.:- b) Sowing more plants of unlike genetic constitution is called
Hybridization.
2) The type of irrigation best suited for the place where there b) Hybridization increases crop yield and disease resistance
is scarcity of water is- of crops.
a) Furrow irrigation b) Sprinkle irrigation
7) What are bio fertilizers?
c) Drip irrigation d) Basin irrigation
Ans:- Micro organisms like Rhizobium (bacteria) and
Ans.:- c) Drip irrigation
Azotobacter that act to increase soil fertility are called
bio fertilizers . Their action, like nitrogen fixation
directly increases soil fertility.

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 ֍8th Class (Science) 2023-24 –(Chapter-1 Crop Production and management) (G.S.S.S. BHAM HOSHIARPUR) ֍

8) What are different ways of sowing seeds? :- For improved crop yield following practices are involved:-
Ans:- There are three main ways of sowing seeds:- 1) Selection of good and healthy seeds of traditional crops
1) Broadcasting were selected and sown.
2) Seeds of exotic breeds of crops were imported and
2) Sowing by hand.
sown.
3) Sowing with seed drill. 3) Hybridisation of Indian crop varieties with imported
ones produce new breeds which are able to withstand the
9) What do you mean by transplantation? local climate along with giving higher yields.
Ans:- Transplantation is the process of growing seeds of 4) With the use of tractors and other modern machines,
agriculture has been accelerated which has increased the
some plants in nursery and transplantation of grown
production.
plantlets in the fields manually. 5) Use of fertilizers, insecticides and weedicides promoted
for example paddy is grown in small beds and after 20-30 to increase the crop yield.
days it is transplanted in the fields. 13) Explain how vermicompost is prepared?
Ans:- Earthworms convert decomposed animal dung into
10) What is a pest. Give examples? nutrient rich manure called vermicompost.
Ans:- Any type of micro-organisms or animals that attack
Steps of making vermicompost is as Follows:-
crops plants is called a Pest. Examples are- insects, birds,
1. Two adjacent beds (Pits) are made by using bricks and
rodents, big animals etc. cement. These pits are made at ground level and
G. Long Answer type questions. connected to each other by alternate holes.
2. Mixture of animal dung and leaves are watered and left to
11) Write differences between manure and fertilizer? decay in first pit for about 30 days.
Ans.- Differences are as follows-
3. Now earthworms are released in the pit and animal dung,
Manure Fertilizer
1. Manure is organic in nature -Fertilizer is inorganic in leaves and water are put in second pit. both the pits is
nature. kept moist by sprinkling water over it.
2. Manure is prepared in the -Fertilizer is prepared in 4. After 40-45 days, the compost in first pit is changed to
fields. factories.
3. Manure is made up of animal - Fertilizer is made up of vermicompost and it made to dry.
dung and other organic wastes. inorganic salts. 5. after this vermicompost is sieved and cocoons of
4. Manure provides a lot of humus -Fertilizer does not provide earthworms along with earthworms are put in the second
to the soil. humus to the soil. pit.
5. Manure is relatively less rich - Fertilizer is very rich in
in plant macronutrients. plant macronutrients like 6. Again first pit is filled with animal dung, water and
nitrogen, potassium , leaves. And this process is repeated again and again.
Phosphorus.
6. More space is needed to store - Fertilizer can be stored 14) What are various agricultural practices? Explain any
manure. in bags. two?
7. Manure does not get spoiled in - Fertilizer got spoiled in
rain or sunlight. rain or excess sunlight. Ans.- Production of crops involves many activities which are
8. Manure is sparingly soluble -Fertilizer is readily soluble known as agricultural practices. These are as Follows-
in water , so slowly absorbed by in water and quickly A) Preparation of soil
plants. absorbed by plants. B) Sowing seeds
12) What do you mean by crop improvement? Explain C) Addition of manure and fertilizers
various practices of crop improvement? D) Irrigation
Ans. Crop improvement refers to the ways of developing E) Removal of weeds
and breeding of crop varieties which are better than the F) Protection from pests
pre-existing crop varieties in a number of characters for G) Harvesting and threshing
a better yield. H) Storage.
For needs of growing population crop production had to 1) Sowing seeds :- Seeds are sown with different methods in
be improved. During seventh decade of 20th century there field. Crops are sown in fields by following methods.
was a revolution in agricultural practices. This was a) Broadcasting :Seeds of crops like, wheat, maize,
named green revolution. mustard, sesame may be scattered by hand. This method
is called broadcasting.

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 ֍8th Class (Science) 2023-24 –(Chapter-1 Crop Production and management) (G.S.S.S. BHAM HOSHIARPUR) ֍

b)Sowing by hand: After ploughing the field, a person .

drops seeds in furrows with hand. Potatoes are sown in .
furrows by hand.
c) Seed drill :It is a tool used for sowing seeds into a
specific depth and at proper distances in a field so that
seeds should germinate properly. Seed drill is also used
with tractor.
2) Removal of weeds- Weeds are unwanted plants that grow
along with the crop. They can be removed by :
a) Uprooting with hands.
b)Uprooting using harrow(dandral) or khurpa. Small
harrow driven by hand is called rake.
c) By using weedicides like 2,4-D Chemical.

12) What is meant by dairy farming? Describe the

various methods of dairy farming.
Answer- Rearing of cattle for milk is called dairy farming.
Cows and buffaloes are reared for milk. Methods of
Dairy Farming:-
a) Breeding double breeds of dairy cattle with long
lactation periods.
b) Providing adequate nutritious fodder to cattle.
c) Arranging a clean ventilated shed for the animals.
d) Protecting cattle from diseases and parasites.
e) Preparation of milk as well as milk based products.

End of chapter

Think and Answer-

1 ) Give any one factor responsible for sprouting of seeds.
Ans- Presence of proper moisture in soil.

2. Which occupation was the first step towards civilization?

Ans. Agriculture.

3. Are Floating seeds fit for sowing?

Ans. No. Floating seeds are not fit for sowing.

4. Which seeds get settled at the bottom?

Ans. Healthy seeds with good sprouting capacity get settled
at the bottom.

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 ֍8th Class (Science) Session 2023-24 –(( Chapter organisms:Friends and Foe (G.S.S.S. BHAM HOSHIARPUR) ֍
Chapter-2- Micro-organisms:Friends

Chapter –②- Micro-Organisms:

Organisms: Friends and Foe
Exercise E. Very Short Answer type questions.
A. Fill in the blanks. 1. Name the major groups of micro-organisms
micro ?
Answers:- Ans.- 1) Bacteria 2) Fungi
a)Micro-organisms can be seen
en with the help of 3) Protozoa 4) Algae
microscope. 5) Virus

b) Lactobacillus is the bacterium that helps in the formation 2. What is food poisoning?
Ans.- Some harmful micro-organisms
organisms produce toxin in food
of curd. this process is called food poisoning.
poisoning Clostridium ,
c) Fungi like Aspergillus cause food poisoning. Aspergillus etc. are microorganisms that cause food
poisoning.
d) During pasteurization, milk is heated about 70°C to
3. Name three diseases caused by fungi in plants.
100°C thenn suddenly chilled and stored. Ans.- 1) smut of wheat and rice 2) Rust of wheat
3) Red rot of sugarcane
B.. Write true (T) or false (F):
4. Name two diseases caused by bacteria in cattle?
a) All living organisms can be seen with naked eye
eye. F Ans.- 1) Anthrax 2) Tuberculosis
b) Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to observe
F. Short Answer type Questions.
and describe single celled organism. T
5. What are viruses, name three
hree disease caused by
c) Penicillin is produced from Penicillium notatum. T viruses?
Ans.- Viruses are microorganisms that have characteristics
d) Micro-organisms
organisms which are helpful to plants and animals of both living and non--living things. They cannot
are called as pathogens. F reproduce on their own.. Their size is very small. They
cause many diseases like AIDS, COVID-19, Polio,
C-Match column A with column B Influenza etc.
Ans.- Correct Matching is as follows-
6. Define vaccination, name three disease which can be
prevented through vaccination?
Ans.- Vaccination is the process of producing specific
types of antibodies by introducing less active
microbes into the body of a healthy individual.
With this our body can fight against those specific
microbes. In this way we can protect ourselves
against a particular
ticular disease. Diseases like Polio,
P
D. Choose the correct answer: Chicken pox, Tetanus
etanus and Rabies can be prevented
a) Which one of following is not a bacterial disease? by vaccination.
i) Typhoid ii) Tetanus
G. Long Answer type questions.
iii) Cholera iv) Malaria
Ans.:- (iv) Malaria 7. How micro-organisms
organisms help in the following:
b) Which one of following cannot definitely be called living 1) Food industry 2) Sewage disposal
or non living. 3) Recycling of matter 4) Making of medicine
i) Virus ii) Algae 5) Retting of fibers 6) Tanning of leather
iii) Bacteria iv) Fungi
Ans:- (i) Virus 1) Food industry:- Lactobacillus is the bacterium that helps
in the formation of curd.. Certain bacteria and fungi also
(c) Which one of these can make its own food? help in making of cheese.
cheese Yeast converts sugar into
i) Algae ii) Bread mould alcohol by fermentation action. Yeast is also useful in
iii) Diatom iv) Amoeba bakery industries; it is used in making of bread, pastry
Ans. Algae/Diatom etc.
d)Which one of these diseases is prevented by vaccination. 2) Sewage disposal:- Some bacteria are used in biological
i) Malaria ii) Polio treatment of sewage and industrial waste. micro-
iii) Ring worm iv) Cholera organisms break down the organic content present in
Ans. (ii) Polio sewage. In this way, sewage treatment becomes easy.

...........(Hardeep Singh, Science master , GSSS Bham, Hoshiarpur)

HScreations...........(Hardeep Page 4
 ֍8th Class (Science) Session 2023-24 –(( Chapter organisms:Friends and Foe (G.S.S.S. BHAM HOSHIARPUR) ֍
Chapter-2- Micro-organisms:Friends

3) Recycling of matter:- Microorganisms help in recycling

of matter by decomposing dead plants and animals. In 9. Draw shapes for various types of bacteria.
this way they enable nutrients (like carbon, nitrogen, Ans. Shapes for various types of bacteria are as shown in
figure below-
phosphorus, etc.) to go back to the soil.

4) Making of medicine :- Microorganisms (probiotics)

help in the proper functioning of the digestive system.
Antibiotics such as penicillin are made from fungi.

5) Retting of fibers :- Flax plant stalks are kept in water so

that the bacteria enter into the stem and destroy stem
tissue and loosen the supporting fibers. This is known as
retting. These fibers are used to make linen thread.

6) Tanning of leather :- Bacteria attack the skin of dead

animals and make it soft and pliable. A
After This leather
can be dyed and used for making various items.

8. Describe various
arious methods to preserve food.
Ans.- The process by which food is preserved for a long time End of chapter
without losing its nutrients is called food preservation.
Think and Answer-
Answer
Some methods of food preservation are as follows:
follows:-
1. ) What is scientific name of bread mould?
1) Drying:- In this method water content is sufficiently Ans- Rhizopus.
reduced to prevent and to delay the growth of micro
micro-
2) In which season most of the things in our house get
organisms. e.g. maize ,wheat, rice etc. are preserved for contaminated with fungus?
a long time by drying. Ans.- In warm ,humid summer.
2) Preservation using sugar and salt salt:- Sugar and salt 3) What gives green colour to algae?
withdraw water content from food and microorganisms. Ans. Chlorophyll.
This way the food stays safe. Meat, fish, vegetables etc.
4) Where is spirogyra found?
are preserved by applying salt. Fruit marmalade, jam, etc. Ans. In fresh water habitats like lakes and ponds.
are examples of food preservation with sugar.

3) Preservation using Acetic acid:- Vinegar stops the

growth of micro-organisms
organisms for this reason it is used as a
preservative in a variety of fruit and vegetable pickles.

4) Heat and cold treatment:- Food stuffs are usually boiled

before use or storage.. In pasteurization, milk is heated to
70°C to 100°C and then immediately cooled and stored stored.
By this process milk becomes free of microorganisms
and can be preserved for a long time.

5) Vacuum packaging:- Keeping dry fruits and oily food

items in airtight packaging prevents rancidity.

6) Freezing:- Many food items are stored below freezing

point. Low temperature kills or slow down growth of
microorganisms. In this way, food items can be
preserved for a long time.

...........(Hardeep Singh, Science master , GSSS Bham, Hoshiarpur)

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 ֍ Class -8th (Science) (2023-24) (Chapter-4 Combustion and Flame) (G.S.S.S. Bham, Hoshiarpur) ֍

‰‰ CHAPTER- ④ ‰‰
Combustion and Flame
Exercise E. Very Short Answer type questions.
I. Multiple Choice Questions :
1. List the conditions under which combustion can take
i) Which of the following gases is used in combustion? place.
a) Hydrogen b) Oxygen Ans:- Necessary conditions for combustion are as follows-
a). Presence of combustible substance.
c) Nitrogen d) Carbon dioxide
b).Ignition temperature of given combustible substance.
Ans.- b) Oxygen c). Presence of air or oxygen.
ii) The burning of CNG (compressed Natural Gas) is an 2. Define Ignition temperature.
example of- Ans:- The minimum temperature at which a substance
a) Rapid combustion b)Spontaneous combustion catches fire is called its ignition temperature.
c) Slow combustion d) None of the above
F. Short Answer type Questions.
Ans.- a) Rapid combustion.
i) Water is not used to control fires involving electrical
(iii) Which of the following is an example of spontaneous equipment. Why ?
combustion? Ans:- We should not use water to control fire if electrical
equipment is on fire, because impure water can conduct
a) Burning of petrol.
electricity and may harm us.
b) Burning of magnesium ribbon.
c) Burning of camphor. (ii) Paper by itself catches fire easily whereas a piece of
d) Burning of white phosphorous. paper wrapped around an aluminium pipe does not.
Why?
Ans.- d) Burning of white phosphorous.
Ans:- Paper catches fire easily because it has low ignition
(iv) The minimum temperature at which a fuel catches fire is- temperature but when a paper is wrapped around an
aluminium pipe paper's ignition temperature isn't
a) Melting temperature b) Boling temperature
attained easily. This is because the Aluminium metal
c) Ignition temperature d) None of these absorbs and transfers the heat given to the paper and
Ans.- c) Ignition temperature keeps the temperature below the ignition temperature
of the paper for a considerable period of time.
II. Fill in the blanks.
Answers:- (iii) Name the unit to measure the calorific value of fuel.
i) Calorific value of LPG is 55000 (kJ/kg) Ans:- Kilojoules per kilogram ( kJ/kg )
ii) Outermost part of a flame is the hottest. (iv) It is difficult to burn heap of green leaf but dry leaves
iii) Oxygen gas or air is necessary for combustion. catch fire easily. Explain.
Ans:- A heap of green leaves is difficult to burn because the
iv) Burning of wood and coal causes pollution of air. heap of green leaves has a high moisture or water
v) A liquid fuel, used in homes is L.P.G. content and the oxygen supply in the heap of green
vi) Fuel must be heated to its ignition temperature before leaves is very low.
it starts burning. On the other hand, a heap of dry leaves catches fire easily
vii) Fire produced by oil cannot be controlled by water. because the moisture content of dry leaves is very low
and oxygen supply in the heap of dry leaves is very
B. True (T) and false (F): high.
i) Burning of camphor is rapid combustion. F G. Long Answer type questions.
ii) Combustion is a physical change. F (i) What are different parts of a Candle flame? Explain
iii) Air is essential for combustion. T using labelled diagram.
Ans:- A candle flame has three parts:-
iv) Fire caused due to oil can be extinguished by water. F
1. Inner part:- It is the black colored part closest to the wick
C- C-Match the followings and contains un burnt carbon or wax particles. This
part of the flame is the least hot.
Ans.- Correct Matching is as follows- 2. Middle part:- It is the largest, yellow or orange colored
Column-A Column-B part of the flame . Incomplete combustion takes place
i) L.P.G. i) kJ/kg in this part of flame. This part of the flame is
ii) Calorific value ii) rapid combustion moderately hot.
3. Outer part:- It is the outermost blue colored part of the
iii) Fire extinguisher iii) Non-combustible flame . Complete combustion takes place in this part of
iv) Glass iv) CO₂ flame. This part of the flame is non-luminous and the
hottest part of flame. Image:-

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 ֍ Class -8th (Science) (2023-24)
24) (Chapter
(Chapter-4 Combustion and Flame)) (G.S.S.S. Bham, Hoshiarpur) ֍

1. Rapid combustion:- If the combustion process takes

place rapidly then it is called rapid combustion.
For example cooking gas starts burning rapidly
after attaining its ignition temperature.
2. Spontaneous Combustion::- The type of combustion in
which a material suddenly bursts
burs into flames, without
the application of any apparent cause is called
spontaneous combustion. e.g. white phosphorus starts
burning spontaneously in air at room temperature.
3. Slow combustion :- If the combustion process takes
(ii) Explain how a fire extinguisher works. place slowly then it is called slow combustion process
Ans:- A cylinder thatt contains the fire extinguishing agent is
e.g. burning of wood.
called a fire extinguisher. It mainly uses carbon dioxide
4. Explosive Combustion:- Combustion is said to be
(CO2) gas. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the best
explosive combustion iff large amount of gases and
extinguishing agent for fires involving electrical
sound produced during the combustion process.
process For
appliances and flammable materials such as petrol.
example the burning of firecrackers.
Carbon dioxide can be stored at high pressure as a
liquid in cylinders. When released from the cylinder,
CO₂ expands ds enormously in volume and cools down.
So it not only forms a blanket around the fire, it also
(Think And Answer)
brings down the temperature of the fuel. That is why it
is an excellent fire extinguisher. Another way to get Q-1. What happens in the three cases?
Carbon dioxide (CO2),, is to release a lot of dry powder
of chemicals like sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) or
potassium bicarbonate. Near the fire, these chemicals
give off CO2 . In this way the fire can be controlled.

Ans:- In diagram 'A’ Complete combustion is taking place

due to the presence of air.
2. In diagram 'B', incomplete burning of the candle occurs
due to insufficient air supply.
3. In diagram C, the candle is not burning due to absence of
air or oxygen.

Q-2.
2. When does the flame flicker off?
Ans:- When Oxygen supply is stopped.
stopped

Q-3.
3. When does it flicker and give smoke?
Ans:- When Oxygen supply is reduced.

(iii) Define calorific value of a fuel? Give units. Q-4.

4. Does it burn unaffected?
Ans:- Amount of heat produced by the complete combustion Ans:- The candle burns unaffected if it has regular and rich
of unit mass of a fuel is called calorific value of that supply of air or oxygen.
fuel. Units of calorific value ue are Kilojoules per
Q-5.
5. Can you infer anything at all about the role played
kilogram ( kJ/kg )
by air in the process of burning?
(iv) What is combustion ? Write its types. Ans:- presence of air or oxygen is necessary for the process
Ans:- Combustion is the basic chemical process of releasing of combustion.
energy from chemical reaction between fuel and
oxygen. Types of combustion:-

...........(Hardeep Singh, Science master , GSSS Bham, Hoshiarpur)

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֍8th Class (Science) Session 2023-24 –( Chapter-5-Conservation of plants and animals)(G.S.S.S. BHAM HOSHIARPUR) ֍

Chapter –⑤- Conservation of plants and animals

Exercise
I. Fill in the blanks. 3. Flying Squirrel is an endemic species of
Answers:- a) Gir Forest Gujrat
1. Migratory birds come to India in winter season. b) Panchmarhi Biosphere Reserve
c) Kaziranga National park
2. Endemic species are found only in a particular area.
d) Jim Corbett National Park
3. Black buck the state mammal of Punjab is also an Ans. (b) Panchmarhi Biosphere Reserve
endangered animal.
4. First week of October is celebrated as wild life protection 4. This species has become extinct from India
a) Cheetah b) Bengal Tiger
week.
c)Wild dog d) Wild Ass
5. Kanjli wetland is situated in Kapurthala district of Ans.- Cheetah.
Punjab.
6. The process of converting fertile land into a desert is 5. This species is endemic to Gujrat-
called desertification. a) Wild Ass b) Bengal Tiger
c) Rhinoceros d) Elephant
II Write True (T) or False (F) Ans:- a) Wild Ass.

Answers- V- Very short answer type questions-

1. Name any two natural causes of deforestation.
1. Cutting of trees is a natural cause of deforestation.F
Ans:- Draughts and forest fire.
2. Wetlands of International level are called Ramsar sites.T
3. Rehmapur Takhni wild life sanctuary is situated in 2. Which plant is considered best for checking soil
Hoshiarpur district in Punjab. T erosion?
4. Panda is endemic animal of Rajasthan. F Ans:- Bamboo plant.
5. Camel is the state animal of Punjab. F 3. In which district are these wild life sanctuaries situated ?
6. Fauna of a place include Herbs, Shrubs and trees. F (i) Sito Gunno wild life sanctuary
(ii) Kathlour wild life sanctuary
III. Match Column A with Column B-
Ans:- i) Sito Gunno wild life sanctuary
Column A Column B In Fazilka (Abohar) District
(i) State mammal of Punjab a) Red data book ii) Kathlour wild life sanctuary
(ii) Goat like wild deer b) Biodiversity In Pathankot District.
found in Kandi Area
of Punjab and lower 4. Name any two endangered species in India.
Himachal Ans:- Tiger and Black buck
VI. Short Answer Type Questions:
(iii) A book having record c) Extinct
of endangered species of 5. What do you mean by Deforestation and Reforestation ?
organisms Ans:- The process of cutting down forests due to various
activities is called deforestation. Forests are being
iv) Presence of so many d) Barking deer destroyed for following reasons-
species of plants, Animals 1) For obtaining fire wood and furniture wood.
and micro-organisms 2) for industrialization and agriculture.
3) for mining activities.
(v) Species which have e) Black buck The process of planting new saplings in place of uprooted
totally vanished forests is called reforestation.

IV Choose the correct Answer:- 6. What is the difference between endangered species and
extinct species?
1. International Biodiversity day is celebrated on- Ans:- Differences are as follows-
a) 22 February b)22 March Endangered Species Extinct Species
c) 22 April d) 22 May 1.These species are at the - These species are extinct
Ans:- 22 May verge of extinction. from the earth.
2. Their number has fallen - Even their last member
2. 100% of this species of animals is found in India. rapidly. is gone from the earth.
a) Elephants b) Tigers 3. e.g. Tiger - e.g. Dodo
c) Asian Lions d) Wild Buffaloes
Ans:- Asian Lions

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֍8th Class (Science) Session 2023-24 –( Chapter-5-Conservation of plants and animals)(G.S.S.S. BHAM HOSHIARPUR) ֍

7. What is Red Data Book ? 4) Because of urbanization.

Ans:- IUCN has prepared a book called Red Data Book in 5) Because of mining in forests.
which the record of endangered species is kept. Different 6) For Construction of dams, roads etc.
red data books are prepared for plants and animals. 7) Due to over grazing.
8. How does a wild life sanctuary help in conservation of 14. What is an ecosystem? Explain its Biotic and Abiotic
wild life? components.
Ans:- A wildlife sanctuary is an area of forest where hunting Ans:- A single self sustained structural and functional unit
is prohibited and wild habitats are also protected. These of the biosphere is called ecosystem. The components of
sanctuaries provide a natural habitat to the wild animals. the ecosystem are of two types, biotic components and
abiotic components.
9. Write three causes of extinction of animals. Biotic components includes plants, animals and
Ans:- 1) Loss of natural habitat. microorganisms. These are classified into producers,
2) Over hunting of animals by humans. consumers and decomposers according to their
3) Lack of adaptations in animals. interactions.
VII. Long Answer Type Questions: Abiotic components are soil, water, air and energy.
10. What do you mean by shifting agriculture?
15. What are the consequences of deforestation ?
Ans:- Shifting agriculture, is a practice of clearing an area of
Ans:- The consequences of deforestation are as follows:-
a forest for growing crops after a regular interval. After
1) The water cycle will be disturbed.
an interval of 2-3 years this practice is repeated in
2) There will be increase in air pollution.
different parts of the forest. In the meantime, forests are
3) The problem of Global warming will increase.
left to regenerate. In this way shifting agriculture
4) Soil erosion will increase.
adversely affects the forest ecosystem.
5) Wildlife habitats will be destroyed.
11. What is the purpose of celebrating these days: 6) Drought problem and desertification will increase.
a) World Sparrow day b) Forest day
c) International Biodiversity day d) World Wetland day Think and answer
Ans:- a) World Sparrow day:- World sparrow day is Q. 1. Name any two districts of Kandi area of Punjab.
celebrated on 20th of march every year, to bring Answer:- Roopnagar and Hoshiarpur
awareness about small birds.
Q.2. Write any two causes of deforestation.
b) Forest day:- World forest day is celebrated on March 21
Answer:- 1) Agricultural reasons.
every year. World Forestry Day is celebrated to create
2) Due to industrialization
awareness about the importance of forests and our duty
Q. 3. Name the wildlife sanctuary in your district or
towards conservation of forests.
adjoining district and write its location.
c) International Biodiversity Day:- International
Ans- 1) Takhni Rahmapur Wildlife Sanctuary in
Biodiversity Day is celebrated on 22 May every year. On
Hoshiarpur.
this day, awareness is created about our duty towards
2) Sito Gunno Wildlife Sanctuary in Fazilka (Abohar).
conservation of forests and biodiversity.
d) World Wetland day:- Every year February 2nd is Q. 4. Name any two wild animals seen in the sanctuary.
celebrated as World Wetland Day. On this day, Answer:-1) Black buck and Barking Deer.
awareness is created about the importance of wetlands Q.5. Name one endemic species of plant and one of
and the need for their conservation. animal found in the forests of kandi area of Punjab.
Ans:- Local species of mango and bamboo in plants and
12. How is paper made? How does the manufacturing of
barking deer in animals.
paper cause deforestation? What can you do to save
Q.6. Write habitat of endemic species of plants and
paper?
animals.
Ans:- Paper is prepared from trees. Pulp is prepared by
Ans:- Endemic species of mango and Endemic species of
adding caustic soda and other chemicals to crushed wood
bamboo found in the forests of Kandi Area while Barking
and grass. Paper sheets are made from this pulp after
Deer (Kakkar) is found in forests adjacent to Himachal in
decolouring it.
Kandi area of punjab.
17 fully grown trees are required to make 1 tonne of paper.
Q.7. Name two migratory birds that you have watched
Thus paper production can destroy forests. We can save
at the lake or wetland..
paper in the following ways:-
1) We will recycle paper. Ans:- Birds such as spoonbill, shell duck, painted stork etc.
2) We will use both sides of the paper completely. can be seen near Harike wetland.
3) We will use paper wisely. 8. .......... to ........... months are suitable for watching
4) We will also sensitize others to save paper. migratory birds.
Answer: December to February months are suitable for
13. Write various causes of deforestation. watching migratory birds.
Ans:- Causes of Deforestation:-
1) Forests were cleared to prepare agricultural land.
2) Forests were cleared for industrialization.
3) For obtaining fire wood and furniture wood.

HScreations...........(Hardeep Singh, Science master , GSSS Bham, Hoshiarpur) Page 9

 ֍ Class -8th (Science) (2023-24) (Chapter-6 Reproduction in animals) (G.S.S.S. Bham, Hoshiarpur) ֍

Chapter –⑥- Reproduction in animals

Exercise
A. Fill in the blanks.
Answers:- E. Very Short Answer type questions.
1. The process of fusion of sperm and ovum is known as
fertilization. 1. Define the following:
2. Union of gametes does not take place during Asexual a) Fertilization b) Metamorphosis
reproduction. c) Hermaphrodite animals d) Reproduction
3. Binary fission occurs in Amoeba. Ans.- a) Fertilization :- The process of fusion of male
4. In human, fertilization is internal. gamete and female gamete to form zygote is known as
5. The zygote after repeated division gives rise to embryo/ fertilization.
foetus . b) Metamorphosis:- The process of transformation of larva
into an adult through drastic changes is called
B. Write true (T) or false (F): metamorphosis.
1. The animals which lay eggs are called oviparous. T c) Hermaphrodite animals:- In some organisms both male
2. Each sperm is a single cell. T and female gametes are present in the same individual,
3. Hydra reproduces by binary fission. F such organisms are called hermaphrodite animals.
d) Reproduction:- Reproduction in organisms is the process
4. A zygote is formed as a result of fertilization. T of producing young ones of their own kind (Offspring).
5. In human external fertilization takes place. F
2. What is male gamete in human called?
C-Match column A with column B Ans:- Sperm
Ans.- Correct Matching is as follows-
Column-A Column-B 3. Name various stages in the life cycle of a butterfly.
1. The process of producing a. Oviparous animals Ans:- a) Egg b) Larva c) Pupa d) adult butterfly
young ones of own kind.
4. What is a zygote?
2. A method of asexual b. Zygote Ans:- When sperm (male gamete) and ovum (Female
reproduction in Hydra. gamete) fuse, they form a new cell called zygote.
3. Its fertilization takes c. Reproduction F. Short Answer type Questions.
place inside water.
5. What is cell division ?
4. Egg-laying animals. d. Frog Ans:- The process in which zygote after repeated division
5. Sperm and egg/ovum e. Budding gives rise to embryo is called cell division.
fuse to form. 6. What is the difference between asexual reproduction
D. Choose the correct answer: and sexual reproduction?
1. Which of these are the male reproductive organs in Ans:- Differences are as follows-
humans:- Asexual reproduction sexual reproduction
a) Sperms b) Ova 1. Single parent can produce - Two parents i.e. male and
c) Testes d) Ovaries new individual. female needed to produce
Ans:- c) Testes offspring.
2. Gametes are not formed in - Gametes are formed in this
2. Which of the following is a hermaphrodite animal? this process. process
a) Frog b) Cow 3. Fertilization does not occur. - Fertilization is main step
c) Dog d) Earthworm in this process.
4. Zygote is not formed. - Zygote is formed by fusion
Ans:- d) Earthworm of male and female gametes.
3. In humans, fertilization occurs in - 5. New individuals are identical - New individuals (offspring)
a) Oviduct b) Uterus show variation from parents.
c) Ovary d) Vagina 7. Why is reproduction important?
Ans:- a) Oviduct (Fallopian Tube) Ans:- 1. Reproduction is important for continuity of species
4. In a mosquito, the eggs hatch to produce:- on earth.
a) Pupa b) Embryo 2. Reproduction plays important role in evolution as it
c) Larva d) Adult mosquito creates variations.
Ans:- c) Larva 8. What is binary fission?
5. The fusion of sperm and egg produces:- Ans:- Binary fission is a mode of asexual reproduction. In
a) Zygote b) Gamete the process of binary fission, an organism duplicates its
c) Embryo d) Oviduct genetic material, and then divides into two parts.
Ans:- a) Zygote Amoeba reproduces by binary fission.

HScreations...........(Hardeep Singh, Science master , GSSS Bham, Hoshiarpur) Page 10

 ֍ Class -8th (Science) (2023-24)
24) (Chapter
(Chapter-6 Reproduction in animals) (G.S.S.S. Bham, Hoshiarpur) ֍

9. How does Hydra reproduce?

Ans:- Hydra reproduces by budding. It is an asexual mode of 14. Describe the process of fertilization in human beings.
Ans:- In human beings fertilization is of internal type. In
reproduction. In this process a small bud grows on lower
human beings male gamete is called-
called sperm and female
part of body of hydra. This bud detaches from parent
gamete is called- ovum. Single ovum is produced by one
body and develops into a young hydra.
of the ovaries in female reproductive system. Ovum or
10. Explain the difference between viviparous and egg reaches the oviduct or fallopian tube. In human
oviparous animals? beings fertilization or fusion of sperm with ovum to
Ans:- Differences are as follows:- produce a zygote takes place in oviduct.
Viviparous animals Oviparous animals Sperm + Ovum Zygote
1. They give birth to young - They lay eggs and these eggs (Male gamete) +(Female
Female Gamete)
Gamete (Zygote)
ones. hatch outside the body of female
to produce young ones. 15. Explain the life cycle of frog with the help of a
2. examples- cat, dog, cow. - Examples- hen, crow, lizards. labelled diagram.
11. How does fertilization occurs in frogs? Ans:- Three distinct stages are seen in the life cycle of frog.
Ans:- In frogs external fertilizationn takes place. In this Egg turns into tadpole (larva) and tadpole develops into
process male gametes and female gametes fuse together an adult. A tadpole looks very different from an adult
in water, outside the body of female. frog. The process of drastic changes by which a tadpole
(larva) changes into an adult is called metamorphosis.
G. Long Answer type questions. Diagram:-
12. Explain the importance of reproduction in organisms.
Give two differences between zygote and foetus.
Ans:- 1) Importance of reproduction:-
a). Reproduction is important for continuity of species on
earth.
b). Reproduction plays important role in evolution as it
creates variations.
2) Differences between zygote and foetus are as follows
follows:-
zygote Foetus
1. Male gamete and female -An
An embryo at stage, when most of
gamete Fuses to form its body parts can be identified
zygote. is called foetus.
2. Zygote is formed after - Foetus is formed from zygote
fertilization. after cell division and cell
Different stages of life cycle of frog
differentiation.
3. Zygote is a single cell. - Foetus is a multi cellular structure.
(Think And Answer)
13. Explain fertilization. What is the difference between
external fertilization
ilization and internal fertilization? -:: True or false :-
:
Ans:- The process of fusion of male gamete and female 1. Binary fission is common
ommon in unicellular organisms.
gamete to form zygote is known as fertilization. it is of Ans:- (True)
two types- Internal fertilization and external fertilization. 2. Amoeba reproduces by budding.
differences between Internal fertilization and external Ans:- (False)
fertilization:- 3. Asexual reproduction is seen only in single celled
Internal fertilization External fertilization organisms.
1. It takes place inside the body - It takes place outside the body Ans:- (False)
of female. of female. 4.. Name various stages in the life cycle of a Frog.
2. Less gametes are produced - Comparatively more number of Ans.- a) Eggs
in internal fertilization gametes are produced in
b) Tadpole larva
external fertilization.
c) Tadpole larva with two legs
3. This is more efficient form - This is less efficient than internal
of fertilization. fertilization. d) Tadpole larva with four legs
4. examples-In cat, cow etc. - Examples- In fishes, frogs etc. e) Adult Frog

...........(Hardeep Singh, Science master , GSSS Bham, Hoshiarpur)

HScreations...........(Hardeep Page 11
 ֍ Class -8th (Science) (2023-24)
24) (Chapter
(Chapter-8 Force and Pressure)) (G.S.S.S. Bham, Hoshiarpur) ֍

‰‰ CHAPTER- ⑧ ‰‰
Force And Pressure
Exercise

1. What is force? 9. Differentiate between contact and non-contact

non forces.
Ans.- Any pull or push which acts on a body which either Ans.- Differences are as follows:-
follows:
generates motion in it, stops its state of motion or Contact Forces Non contact forces
1. Contact forces comes into -NonNon-contact forces comes
changes its direction of motion is called a force
force.
Play only when there is into play when objects do
2. What are contact forces? contact between two not have physical contact
Ans.- Forces that comes into play only when there is bodies. between them.
2. Contact forces cannot be - Non-contact
Non forces can be
contact between two bodies are called contact forces
forces.
applied from a distance. applied from a distance.
e.g. kicking a football. 3. e.g. Force of friction. - e.g. magnetic force.
3. What are non-contact forces? 10. What are types of forces?
Ans.- Non-contact forces come into play when objects do Ans.- Forces are of two types:-
not have physical contact
ontact between them
them. a) Contact forces b) Non
N contact forces.
4.Give
Give two examples each of contact forces and non 11. Give an activity to show that air exerts pressure.
contact forces? Ans.- Take a glass (tumbler) and
Ans.- i) Contact forces:- fill it fully with water. Take a
Muscular force:- a) Weight lifting b) Lifting a suitcase. sheet of card board and cover
over
Force of friction:- a)Stopping
Stopping of fan after switching off. the mouth of glass with the
card board. Put your palm
b) Stopping of football after kicking.
over the card board , press
ii) Non contact forces:- gently and invert the glass
Magnetic force:- a) Attraction between magnet and holding with your palm.
magnetic material. Now gently
b) Repulsion between like poles of two magnets. remove the palm.
Gravitational force:- a) Falling
alling of a ball towards ground You will observe that
after a throw. water will not come out
in spite of the inversion
b) Coin
oin falls to the ground when it slips off from hand.
of the glass.
5. What is gravitational force? This is because the atmospheric air exerts an upward force
Ans.- The gravitational force is a force of attraction (pressure) on the sheet of cardboard. The above action
between any two objects with mass. It is a non contact shows that air exerts pressure.
pressure
force.
12. What is pressure?
6. What is force of friction? Ans.- Force per unit area is known as pressure. We can
Ans.- Force of friction is a type of contact force that calculate pressure as follows-
follows
opposes the state of motion. It always acts in the
Pressure =
direction opposite to the direction of motion. ( )
Force of friction come into play when one object comes 13. What is atmosphere and atmospheric pressure?
into contact with the surface of another object and Ans.- The thick layer of air surrounding the earth is called
begins to move. atmosphere.. The pressure exerted by this air on all
things on Earth is called atmospheric pressure.
7. What is electrostatic force?
14. Why it is easier to cut the apple with knife of sharp
Ans.- Force exerted by a charged body on another
edge than a blunt one?
uncharged or charged body is known as electrostatic Ans.- A sharp knife provides less area for the force we
force. Electrostatic force is non contact force. apply. Due to this,, more pressure is created on the
surface of the apple .In
In this way it is easier to cut the
8. Can force change the direction of the motion of the apple with knife of sharp edge than a blunt one.
one
body?
Ans.- Yes. Force can change the direction of the motion of 15. Why the tools meant for cutting and piercing always
the body. For example, we can turn a bicycle moving in have sharp edges?
Ans.- Cutting and piercing tools have a sharp edge because
a straight line path by applying muscular force on the the force applied with sharp edge acts on a smaller area.
handle of bicycle. This force exerts more pressure and makes it easier to
cut the material.

...........(Hardeep Singh, Science master , GSSS Bham, Hoshiarpur)

HScreations...........(Hardeep Page 12
 ֍ Class -8th (Science) (2023-24)
24) (Chapter
(Chapter-8 Force and Pressure)) (G.S.S.S. Bham, Hoshiarpur) ֍
16. Why it is easier to push a nail in the wood with 19. Why are we not crushed under the huge atmosphere
pointed end than the head? pressure?
Ans.- This is because the force exerted on surface of wood Ans.- This is because there is a pressure inside our body
by the sharp end of the nail acts on a smaller area. By which is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Thus the
doing this, the amount of force per unit area is high
higher, effect of atmospheric pressure is not felt by us.
so more pressure is applied. In this way it is easier to
push a nail in the wood with pointed
ted end than the head
head. 20 Why walls of the dam always made thicker at the
bottom?.
17. Show with an activity that liquid pressure increases Ans.- Walls of dams are made thicker at the bottom as the
with depth. pressure of water on the walls of dams increases with
Ans.- Take a plastic bottle and make three small holes in depth.
one side of it at different heights. fill the bottle with
water and observe. You will see water at the hole near 21. Choose the correct answers(True/False).
to bottom goes farthest and that from highest hole falls
Ans.-
nearest and that from the middle hole falls between the
two. 1. Liquid pressure is least at the bottom of the container.
(False)
2. Force of friction is a non-contact
contact force.
(False)
3. North pole of the magnet repels the south pole of the
another magnet?
(False)
4. Gravitational force is a contact force.
(False)
5. Force can change the state of motion of the body.
(True)
As the height of the water column is highest above the 22. Fill in the Blanks with suitable words.
bottom hole, the water from it comes out with highest
Ans.-
pressure, for the hole at the maximum height of water
column is lowest resulting in least pressure of water 1) Pressure is Force per unit area.
area
which falls nearest to the bottle. It shows that liquid 2) Gravitation force is non contact force.
pressure increases with depth.
3) South pole of a magnet attracts north pole of another
18. Show with an activity that atmosphere exerts magnet.
pressure. 4) To draw water from a well we have to pull at rope.
Ans.- Take a good
ood quality rubber sucker. Press it hard on a
smooth plane surface. When you press the sucker, most 5) A charged body attracts an uncharged body towards it.
of the air between its cup and surface escapes out, the
23. Match the terms given in column I with those given in column-
sucker sticks to the surface because the atmospheric
pressure acts on it. Large force is required to pull the
sucker off the surface to overcome the atmospheric Column I Column II
pressure. It shows atmosphere exerts pressure.
1. Pressure Pull or Push

2. Gravitational force Working of a dropper

3. Atmospheric Pressure Force /Area

4. Force Opposes the motion of the body.

5. Friction Force Non Contact Force.

End of Chapter

...........(Hardeep Singh, Science master , GSSS Bham, Hoshiarpur)

HScreations...........(Hardeep Page 13
 ֍ Class -8th (Science) (2023-24)
24) (Chapter
(Chapter-8 Force and Pressure)) (G.S.S.S. Bham, Hoshiarpur) ֍

Think and answer Think and answer

Q.1. Is it always necessary that force make an object to Q.8. The pressure of liquids depends on the height of its
move? column in the vessel. Explain with an example.
Ans.- No, it is not necessary. Ans.- 1) Take a transparent glass tube or a plastic pipe.
pipe
Q.2. Can force only increase or decreases the speed of 2) Take
ake a piece of thin sheet of a good quality rubber, say,
say
the object?
a rubber balloon. Stretch the rubber sheet tightly over
Ans.- A force can also change state of motion to state of
rest, and can change the direction of motion. one end of the pipe.
3) Hold the pipe at the middle, keeping it in a vertical
Q.3. When a plastic scale is rubbed with hairs and
position and to pour some water (liquid) in the pipe.
brought near bits of paper, they stick to the scale.
Why? 4) You will observe that rubber sheet bulges out. Also
Ans.- This is due to electrostatic force.. The pplastic sheet get note
ote the height of the water column in the pipe.
charged after rubbing with hairs and it attracts the
5) Pour some more water. Observe again the bulge
bul in the
uncharged pieces of paper.
rubber sheet and the height of the water column in the
Q.4. Is Gravitational force a universal force? pipe.
Ans.- Yes, Gravitational force is a universal force.
6) Repeat this process a few more times.
Q.5. In which direction the force of friction acts to the It is clear from the above activity that as the height of the
direction of motion of the objects?
Ans.- Force of friction always acts in the direction opposite liquid in the vessel/tube increases, the pressure exerted
to the direction of motion. by the liquid on the bottom of the vessel also increases,

Q.6. Pressure = Force /.............. (Fill in the blank) i.e. the pressure exerted by the liquids at the bottom of
Ans.- Pressure= Force/ area (over which force acts) the container ,depends
depends on the height of its column.

Q.7. Show that liquid exerts equal pressure at same

depth.
Ans.- Take an empty plastic bottle Drill four holes all
around near the bottom of the bottle at same height
from the bottom. Now fill the bottle with water. You
will observe that water comes from all four holes with
equal pressure and falls to same distance from the
bottle. This shows that liquid exerts equal pressure at
same depth .

...........(Hardeep Singh, Science master , GSSS Bham, Hoshiarpur)

HScreations...........(Hardeep Page 14
 ֍ Class -8th (Science) (2023-24) (Chapter-11 Chemical effects of electricity ) (G.S.S.S. Bham, Hoshiarpur) ֍

‰‰ CHAPTER- ⑪ ‰‰

Chemical Effects of Electricity D- Match the following with correct options:

Ans.- Correct Matching is as follows-
Exercise
S.No. Column-I S.No. Column-II
A. Fill in the blanks :-
Answers- 1) The flow of charge. A. Chromium
i. Metals are good Conductor of electricity. 2) A source of current. B. Electroplating
ii. Magnetic tester uses magnetic effect of current. 3) Cycle handles are C. Galvanization
iii. Electric tester uses heating effect of current. coated by this metal

iv. An electrolyte dissociate into ions when direct current 4) Coating of superior
passes through it. metal over inferior D. Current
metal using electric
v. Copper and brass utensils are coated with Tin metal. current.

5) Coating of Zinc E. An Electric Cell

B. True (T) or false (F): over Iron sheets.
Answers-
E. Very Short Answer type questions. (Answer these
i. Electric current does not flow through liquids. F question in one or two sentences)
ii. Electroplating uses heating effects of current. F 1. What is an LED?
Ans.- LED stands for light emitting diode. They are made of
iii. An electric tester is used to check if a wire or appliance
carries current. T semiconductors. Two wires are connected to the LED,
iv. Artificial jewellery is costlier than gold jewellery. F the long wire connects to the positive terminal of the
v. Coating of chromium over iron is called galvanization. F battery while the short wire connects to the negative
terminal of the battery. LEDs light up even with a very
C- Choose the single correct option
small current.
i. This is a good conductor of electricity.
a) Bakelite b) Rubber 2. Define electric current.
c) PVC d) Graphite Ans.- The charge flowing through a conductor per unit time
Ans. d) Graphite
is called electric current.
ii. Galvanisation is coating of this metal over iron-
a) Gold b) Silver 3. What is conductor? Give examples.
c) Zinc d) Mercury Ans.- Materials, which allow electric current to pass through
Ans. c) Zinc
them are called conductors. For example Copper and
iii. Which liquid is not a good conductor of electricity? Silver.
a) Lemon juice b) Distilled water
c) Common salt solution d) Copper Sulphate solution 4. Give two examples of electrolytes.
Ans. b) Distilled water
Ans.- 1. Sodium Chloride (NaCl )
iv. It is based on chemical effects of electricity.
a) Electroplating b) Glowing of bulb 2. Copper sulphate (CuSO4)
c) Sublimation d) Distillation.
5. Name the instrument used to detect current flowing
Ans. a) Electroplating
through a wire.
V. Rims of vehicles are usually are coated with
Ans.- An electric tester is used to detect the electric current
a) Gold b) Silver
c) Chromium d) Copper. passing through a wire. The tester which is made by
Ans. c) Chromium using an electric bulb or LED is called an electric tester
and the tester which is made by using a magnetic needle
is called a magnetic tester.

HScreations...........(Hardeep Singh, Science master , GSSS Bham, Hoshiarpur) Page 15

 ֍ Class -8th (Science) (2023-24)
24) (Chapter
(Chapter-11 Chemical effects of electricity ) (G.S.S.S. Bham, Hoshiarpur) ֍

F. Short Answer type Questions. G. Long Answer type questions.

6. How can a pure water be made an electrolyte ? 10. How are impure metals purified using electric
Ans.- Pure water does not conduct electricity. If we add any current? Explain using diagram
salt like common salt (NaCl) in pure water, it becomes Ans.- Pure metals can be obtained from impure samples of
an electrolyte solution. Electrolyte solution contains ions metals by using electric current through the process of
that make it a conductor of electricity. electrolysis. In this process we take electrodes of the
metal and an electrolyte solution of the same metal which
7. Draw a labelled diagram of an electric tester.
is to be purified in a vessel. For example if we want to
Ans.- An electric tester is used to test whether a particular
get pure copper then copper electrode and copper
material allows an electric current to pass through it.
sulphate solution will be taken in the vessel. Now the
Diagram is as follows-
plate of impure copper (which contains impurities) will
be connected to the positive
ive terminal of the battery and
the pure copper plate will be connected to the negative
terminal of the battery. When an electric current is
passed through the electrolyte, Copper ions from the
positive electrode (impure
impure copper plate) will move into
the solution. These
hese copper ions will be deposited on the
negative electrode after neutralization.
neutralization In this way
impure
mpure Copper plate keep on dissolving in the solution
on the same time pure copper keep on depositing on
negative electrode or cathode.
8. Why do electricians wear rubber shoes and rubber
gloves?
Ans.- Electricians wear rubber gloves and rubber shoes
when repairing electrical supply lines or electrical
circuits because rubber gloves and shoes are poor
conductor of electricity.. In this way electricians ar
are
protected from electric shock. So by using rubber gloves 11. Write five uses of electroplating.
and rubber shoes accidents of electrical
trical shock can be Ans.- Uses of electroplating:-
avoided. 1. A layer of superior metal can be deposited on inferior
metal by electroplating. This improves the look of
9. Write some effects of electric current.
inferior metal.
Ans.- Some effects of electric current are as follows
follows-
2. Chromium metal is bright and resists scratching due to its
1) Chemical effect:- An electric current can cause a
hardness.
ardness. Chromium coating is applied to cheap metal
chemical
hemical change. For example the electrolysis of water.
objects like rims, gas burners, car parts etc. by the
2) Heating effect:- Heat can be produced by electric
process of electroplating.
current. For example an electric heater produces heat.
3. Electroplating
plating protects the Iron from rusting by
Light can be produced by using the
he heating effect of
depositing a layer of Zinc metal on the iron through the
electric current in a bulb, which is called the lighting
process of galvanization.
effect of electricity.
4. A layer off gold or silver is applied to Jewellery
J made of
3) Magnetic effect:- When electric current flows through a
cheap metals through an electroplating process.
wire, a magnetic field is produced around wire. This is
5) Iron vessels for storing food items are coated with tin by
called magnetic effect of current. We can make an
electroplating. With this food items do not come in
electromagnet using electric current.
contact with iron and spoilage of food is avoided.

...........(Hardeep Singh, Science master , GSSS Bham, Hoshiarpur)

HScreations...........(Hardeep Page 16
 ֍ Class -8th (Science) (2023-24)
24) (Chapter
(Chapter-11 Chemical effects of electricity ) (G.S.S.S. Bham, Hoshiarpur) ֍
12. With the help of labelled diagram explain how a (Think And Answer)
Copper plate is electroplated by Tin
in metal? Q.3. How does a magnetic compass needle behave when a
Ans.- A Copper
opper plate is electroplated by tin metal through
current carrying wire passes over it ?
the process of electroplating. In this process, electrodes
Ans.- When a current-carrying
carrying wire passes over a magnetic
of Copper and Tin metals are taken along with an
needle, then the magnetic compass needle shows
electrolyte solution in a vessel. Tin plate is connected to
deflection.. This happens because the current carrying
the positive terminal
erminal of the battery and the C
Copper plate
conductorr also behaves like a magnet.
is connected to the negative terminal of th
the battery.
When an electric current is passed through the Q.4. What is a magnetic compass?
electrolyte, Tin ions move from the positives electrode Ans.- A magnetic compass is a device containing a magnetic
into the electrolyte solution and got deposited on copper needle pivoted in a horizontal plane that points in north-
plate after neutralization. In this way a layer of T
Tin metal south when placed on the Earth's surface. It can also be
will be deposited on the copper plate. The T
Tin coating used to make tester which can be used to test flow of
prevents the copper from corroding. electric current.

(Think And Answer)

Q.1. Why bulb does not glow even when liquid is
conducting?
Ans.- If the bulb of the electric tester does not glow even
when liquid is conducting,, then the electric current
passing through the circuit (Bulb) is weak, due to which
the filament of the bulb does not get heated sufficiently
and it does not glow.

Q.2. Does the strength of current has any effect on the

circuit?
Ans.- If the electric current passing through the circuit of
electric tester is weak, then the filament of the bulb does
not get heated sufficiently and it does not glow.

...........(Hardeep Singh, Science master , GSSS Bham, Hoshiarpur)

HScreations...........(Hardeep Page 17