-

TV
from
feed

the BFD production of

of Acetone from IPA
Show the Input-Output Structure
separate Xet
to
- gas , lig Output &
1% acetone

(99%
1034 48 H = 34 48
purity
-
. .

II

(99%
in purity
I
IPA + # 0
, -
>
Process >
-
acetone 1000

H0 (99% 1% IPA
waste 0 purity
-

- >
-
,
,

if acetone flowrate is 1000 kg/hr (9% % ) + 1 % IPA

/H ,
at absorber =
1 mol
Calculate the flowrate of all streams ?

CH5C-CHtho
CHy-CA-CH
->
,

60 (IPA) 2
1000 x 1000
kg/hr 1000 x [kg/hr]
58 (ace)
IPA-H,0
J
5
azeotropic
↑ (google)
↑
20in = 1034 x (1-87 5 % .
) = 129 31 .
(g/hr)
=>
waste H20 = #0
,
+ 0
,
= 3232 76.
[kg/hr]
H =

1 x
34 48 x
.

8 = 3103 45 .
kg/hr khng phan ling

Mass balance out : in + products -

reactant

Case 2 :
H2 =
-

2532

↳ nao
i
The normal BP Than es tigan thi bilan
°

acetone : 56 C
distill
IPA 82 3C.
&

He8 1000

acetone : 1000 x 99 % = 990

IPFace = 1000 x 1% = 10

Ha = x x
b
= 34 15 .
-
actone = 17 x UX
7
-
acetone total =
n /ux = 8
= (n 990) x
-

99 ( = n = 990 34 .

T Pl+
-
=
react
acton in
990 34 .

x 1024 4947 .

H0 = 10 x 34 .
15x = 3073 45 .

IPA,
=-a 990
react

34 + 10 +
naste H20

1029
3073 43]x1)
.

& = 94 + 10 + x(
[ 875) +
-

-
.

HrC
1032 68 g
=> n= .
 Eg3 develop
.
put structure for HDA of toluene
in-out to produce benzene

Benzene throughput 1000 mol/hr, 1 % toluene =

(impurity
I

+ un + 5
1 +
CH4
Y Y Y Y

01
L -
-

For1 + H
,
-
Z 05z .
0 . 5
0 0036
Given single and selectivity S= 1
.

conversion X = 08
- (-n) : 55
.

The excess H
recycled and purged to hydrogen
will be of 50% (v) in stream
, purge
The diphenyl by-product contain 1 % toluene as impurity

Solution
Totalreacted by benzene
Total
X 100%
X = 0 8 .
in put

0 0036 Main
.

product
S = 1 -

1 55
= 0 9563 .
>
-
Selectivity > Benzene
(1-0 8)
.

Totalreacted bene product

.

s .
100
total
x 10 reacted to benz

S
=
>
-

tal
in

y z
-

S = x 100
Y
recycle
H295 % H2 50 %
V > > CH 50 %
CH4 5% Process
+

Benzene 99 %
To usene 1%
Tokene
- S Diphenyl 99 %
1294-1045 4 .
Towene 1 %

in Out

Toluene =
He 50%

H295% =
CHy 50%

Cy 5%
CH 99 % 1000 99 % 990 =
Z
x
Y
-
= = =
,

Towene in
I
product 1% = 10
L
=
00 g
x (y z) -

Diphenyl 99 % = 0 5z. = 22 . 5778

Toluen in by product =
0 01 x 0
. 57
. = 0 . 228859
0 .
99

Y go
1 =
- 0 8 1035 156 - > total input wo excess 1045 384
=>
= -
=
Y
= -

Total
. .
.

input 0 9564

- ↓
.

with excess

(y z)+= 990
-

S= 0 .
9563 z = 45 .
1556
y

Toluene balance =Totabut = toluene

total -

reacted

Tomeneinre -

pro
agg
O X
(y-0 .
57) =
total
in
-

totalin 5)-
=
=
0. 0y-0
-
.

out +
CHp He
=

Balance for hydrogen Balance for methane

CH4 out Cpin Chaproduct

+
Halout) =
oin- reacted
=

product
-

"
Ha out =
ain
-
1035 156 . +
0 57
.

22 5778
.
zin-1035 156 .
+ 22 5778 . =
in + 1035 156
.
 Hin 2161 59
=
.

=>

out =
1148 97 .

CHyout =
1148 97 .

CH = 113 76
+ in .

at the input for reactor ,

/toluene = 5 to remain ...... ng ly dinging : Feed + recycled

g CH, CHp
-
+
Hz +

H2 5y >
Ha
2CH6 - 2, Ha
+ :

vx > CH4

[FcHiox FHcJeg CH : 1000

k =
- Cy 240 : a

[FcH ea
-
Y >
CHg
equilibrium
Input Output
#2 (95% )i Z 2248 96 .
Hc (50%) : t 1205 46 .

CH4 (5%) 05 t
Z 118 3 .
CHp (50% ) : t 1205 46 .

CHg 1358 695 CH 1000

Y
i S
.
s

Patio : n = 43 47 .

CHg i 0 .

24 = 271 739 .

Conversion = 80% + Ho = 0 2
.

xy
excess

Balance of aromatics : Out= In

0 ???
1000 + 22 + 0 24 =
Sy
[
.
.

CHs 2o Hexcess 2 x (5y -

1000 -
x)
Y Kep = =
0 .
25

( 1000 + 2x = 0 .

8y 10002

GHz + +z +
CH) +
CH4 n = 43 ,
478

y 5y J ?
y
= 1358 695 .

reacted 1000 + 2 1000 +24 1000 + 22 1000 + 22

final y
-
1000- 2n
5y-1000 1000 + 2n ? + 1000 + 24

CHy = Ho +
2

1800 + 24 o 5y
-

1008 -
24

La - U +
a

[ 1000 R
5y-1000
-

2] equilibrium

Balance of Ha : Out= In-reacted +

product g reacted = 1000 + 2x = 1087 124
.

t = z
-

1087 43 6 . .

of
Balance CH : Out : In +
product
t =

0052 + 1087:

2 = 2248 96
2+
.

>
-

= 1205 .
45
 He 5y-2249 1 4545. 5
recycled = .
=

H2 1205 46.

+2 :
2248 .

96 X
CH
X

+
1205 46 .

C4p = 118 4
.
Reactor Separation ,
1000

CHs : 1087 >+10 43 6 .

- S

Catg

grecycled = 1358 9
.
-
1087. 1 = 271 8.
= 0 .

Cy

In-Out Structure
Balance equation Out In-consumed produced
,
= +
Hs
by uxn byrxn
S
CH4
Process Cats
to
a
GHg Product
Equilibrium equation Keq =

reactant
*

Pi = P n

phase equilibrium -

Solubility (Abs)
Vapor/lig (Distillation) y =
kn

Solubility (Extraction)

Ha
recycled =

CHO
Ha
,
Ha
Ve CH4 Cyl
to
C44
Reactor Separation C He
Hs +10
- S

CH, Catg

grecycled

he
Out
In

Ha 95 % 50%

56%

CH CHto
50

tg % gg %. 990
y
1% 19
CH ggy GHz 10

99 % U
2o
Hg 1% -
99

Balance aromatic Out

y (1 > = 1000 t (2 + 1)a

99
 Equilibrium constant
[ 5(78 (n) n)
k =
[GH , [Hc] n + -
10 -

ga) 1990
- -

gy
+ +
=
=0 25
[CH j2
.

ggo2
Bao
,
to
anHo,y

Thing th batren

Ha 30i
Ch5 %
Ha 95
% 1000 Cats 99 %
Z
e
Cy +g 99
07
.

+y 1
D
etts, g y
Ho 1 %
Reacted
Conversion x = = 07 .
-
Feed =

7
Feed

Total benzene formed by oxn : 1000x0 99 .

+
2y- uxtg

Hydrogenout -lygoyt, n = 1094 6

S
.

ggo2 >
-

x =
990 + Cy -
*g
=
07
. y= 57 8
.

-e
990

=
+1
Balance of H2 out-in-reacted +
produce
Rout :
zin
-

1094 6 .
+
57 8 .

Balance of CH4 out = in + 1094

↑ 0 7 85
out X inx 0
s
1094 6
.
.

= + .

0 3
.
0 95
.

> t in
-
= 1540 66 .

Haout = 503 86 .

CH4in = 81 .
08
1175 68
CHpout
=
.

Balance of toluene out-in-reacted

y
10 +
99
= n -

[ 990 + 2y -

ag]
1000
ag 1950019 y
+

2y = u a=
-

-
-

Tokene in reactor
1
g
- Hz = 52

k =
y x (5z -

990 -

y
-

↑g) = 0 . 4
go2
x 190 + 2y
=
-

79 = 0 7..

= z =
940 + 2y -

(19) a
Z
0 . 7
.

1999 708 + 2
= .
.

82y
>
=

y = 57 9 0
+
. .

n = 893 61 .

z = 1563 .

260
Example 6 :

Develop in-output and

recycle structure for the
production of
dimethyl ether

LCHOH -
CHOCH, +
H2O
The conversion n = 80 % and there is not side reaction

The methanol feed contain 1 % water

The DME contains 0 5% . methanol as

impurity
The waste water contains 0 5%
. methanol

The DME of 1000 mol/hr

product is

a ! in-out structure

&

LCH OH
,
-> CH OCH
> ,
+
H20
2x995 995 995

DME 99 %
CH3OH 0 5%
CH30H 99% > .

> Process
HaD 99 5%
>
.

Ha 1% >
CH30H 0 5%
.

CHsOH excess

Recycle

Balance for CHOH = out

in + reacted

Input
99 % 2000
methanol Exreacted +out =
Y
1%
0 01 x 2000
20 L
1y
HO
.

- - .
-

0 99
99
.

Out
DME 99 5 % 995
product
.

Methanol 0 5%.
= 1006 f

Methanol excess 99 %
DME 0 5%
.
Methanol excess

Haf 0 5 %
.

995 1
Y
H20 99 5 % Waste water
N out = in +
1croduced >a=
995 1015 203
-

.
+ = .

99
Methanol 0 5% .
On g
5 output
↑
T pt

get
u = 1015s
s

J y = 2008-12 +
 y=
2x 995 + 5 +
n + u = 1015 203 .

a=
4- 995
59
+ -
y = 2000 .
12)

b .

Recycle

DME 995
S

CHOH
30 99
% Reactor - >
Separation
5

20 1015 2
H201 % >
.

>
-

CHOH 5 . 1

CH30H

LCH OH
,
-
CHOCH, +
H2O
t Z ? ?
reacted 2x995= 0 87 .
995 995

final
6 z
0 2
.

= 2487 5 .

Out--in-reacted
Out
Recycle Ouroduct
+ 7 0 8 0 22
=
+ -
. = .

wast
5+ 5 1 0 2 x 2487 5
CH3ON
>
-
Recycle + .
= .
.

487
-
Recycle : 4

'
.

DME = 85 x487 .
4
99

HO = 05 x 487 4 .

99

c .
Known that this is exometric reaction ,
choose the appropriate reactor configuration
AH -23 4/moME
H2O
=

LCHOH CHOCH,
.

For
weakly exothermic/Endothermic reaction ,
the adiab tic reactor can be used

AH <160 kJ/moL

Use
catalyst
 >
-
Fixed bed
Reactor

PFR

↓ Downward feeding
Fixed bed reactor M
M

catalyst
V
-

is there high limiting temperature for this reaction ?If so

,
how to prevent high temp inside the reactor :

the reaction of
organic substants usually come with high T ,
which promote coking condition
For exothermic reaction , the appropriate retention time will help to
prevent very high inside the
T reactor

usually ,
the Length of catalyst will be controlled for
expected retention time

Catty 90% CH4 y

H> 8 % Cate E -ng tile voi feed
CU
~o CH4
CH42%
S
Process =
o = a >, +

S
C&O 1000

Ha DEE Z
a = 1 8 - -2
H2O
.

>

G + H20 >
-

CHOH
<
CHOH = IGH 0 ,
+ Cu

1000 + 27 1000 +2z 1000 + 22 27 Z Z

Conversion = 0 1
.
=

treated
reactor
=
00z = 0 1
.
+ 104 + E e

DEE
40 out = an
-
<1000 +2z) +
z

Ean-100-2) in
In react luce
Equilibrium proc
 a = 1
>
-

z 21 26
= .

(moLle)
n = 10425

Balance of Out
CHp = in-react

Out = in -(1000 26)

+ 2 x 21 .

in=
Balance of
Cat6/8H : Out =

in
C out : 130

0C
x
=(
Assume y = 50%

1
y + ++
It = 100
- t = 40 = in
=
 CH
CHG CqHp
CqH4 & HG
CH4 CH, OH
Reactor Separation DEE
HO
H20

CH
CqHp
& HG
CH4 CH, OH
Cotto
> Reactor Separation
CH4

Recycle DEE

Catty CH4
CH, Cate
CH4
CH4
S
Process
S CHOH
Ha
S
> 20
>

Recycled DEE

CH CO
CHp
SIA
,

B + C S = 1 -
1 . 3X

F 100 mol/hr

S//2B -
=

1 -

Y ield'
ield = XS = X (1-1 3X) .

= 0 = x =
2) + 5 = 05 .

El Yield = 0 19.

>B : 100 mol/hr

> C
A
& > D

> E

In 0s
A = 52 1085y
/+ = 1 -
1 3x . +
y= 520) /1 =
yield

Out

E
B 100
Y
SX A (1 x) x 320
y
= = =
-

-
(s 5)
-
/

y SX
C = 100 = SX = 1 -
=
Y
IXy 100) EXSy
- + y(1 s(X
D - -

= =
-

EXSy E(Xy 100

E 100 =

2y(1 SX
-

= =
-