COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES AND IRRIGATION

ENGINEERING

INTERNSHIP REPORT ON

HARAWA MUDA WATER SUPLY PROJECT

BY TUJI DINO

ID No: UGR/15950/12

23 Oct, 2023

BALE ROBE, ETHIOPIA

ADVISOR APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the internship report entitled of Harawa Muda Water supply project
prepared by Tuji Dino under my guidance based on the regular reports that he had submitted.
I recommend this report to be the water resource and irrigation engineering for evaluation.

Advisor Name: - Mr. Takele S. Sign: ________________ Date: 23 Oct, 2023

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First, I would like to thank Allah who helps me in every move I take to reach this point.
Secondly, I would like to thank all my family for their financial and moral support. Also, I'd
like to thank the West Hararghe Zone Water Development and Energy office and site
workers for their assistance in various directions. They also helped me understand the basics
of water supply design, construction, and site activities. My site supervisor, Mr. Mashoo was
also helpful in guiding me during my internship, as I will be the site engineer. Lastly, I'd like
to thank my advisors Mr. Takele S. and Mr. Taklu H. for visiting me on the field and giving
me technical advice so that I could understand how the site works and write this report
briefly.

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ABBREVIATION

AWD Average Water Demand

CSA Central Statics Authority

DWD Domestic Water Demand

GI Galvanized Iron

l/c/d Liter Per Capital Per Day

MMD Maximum Daily Demand

PD Public Demand

PHD Peak Hour Demand

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The site works of any engineering work, such as small-scale irrigation projects, are directly
related to what the students learned in class through various courses during their four-year
stay at the university. However, practical work, such as a short-term internship program,
significantly supports understanding some practical work rather than what is learned
theoretically in class. Therefore, this paper is an internship report on the Harawa Muda
water supply project from 26/06/2015 to 26/10/2015. The project is located in Boke Tiko
Woreda, western Hararge zone, Oromia Region. It is a borehole source-based water supply
project that is under construction to solve the water related problems of Harawa Muda
Kebele. Numerous tasks are being carried out at the site, including water point
construction, trench excavation, pipe fitting, and pipe alignment. A circular surface
reservoir is being built with storage for a variety of uses, such as supplying water in case of
unexpected pump failure, emergency repairs, fire, or other demands, or as a means of
balancing demand fluctuations. The following procedures were followed by the workers
throughout construction: site clearing to remove undesired materials; excavation to set the
foundation; filling hard rock to prevent foundation erosion; lean concrete filling; RCC base
slab; and building of a 250mm-thick circular wall. In addition, after the pipe from the
reservoir to the water point was laid, the community's water point was built. Furthermore,
the project's overall background and the student's major activities during the internship
were written in this report. The overall benefits I have gained from this internship
experience, including technical, management, practical, and work ethics, were included in
this paper. Also, the challenges faced and their remedial measures to overcome are
addressed. Finally, in the last chapter, I have tried to conclude and recommend my
internship program.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents Page

ACKNOWLEDGMENT...........................................................................................................ii
ABBREVIATION....................................................................................................................iii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................................iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................................................................v
LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................................vii
LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................................viii
1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of Hosting Company...................................................................................1
1.2 Objective of the Company...............................................................................................1
1.3 Background of the Project...............................................................................................2
1.4. Major Activities Conducted During the Internship........................................................3
1.4.1. Office work...............................................................................................................3
1.4.2. Site work...................................................................................................................4
2. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY.................................................................................5
2.1. Materials.........................................................................................................................5
2.1.2. Equipment’s Used on The Site.................................................................................5
2.2. Methodology...................................................................................................................6
3. TECHNICAL ASPECT OF INTERNSHIP..........................................................................7
3.1. General............................................................................................................................7
3.1.1. Design Period...........................................................................................................7
3.1.2. Population Forecasting.............................................................................................7
3.1.3. Demand Assessment.................................................................................................9
3.2. Service Reservoir..........................................................................................................11
3.2.2. Construction Procedures.........................................................................................12
3.2.3. Accessories of Reservoir........................................................................................14

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 3.2.4. Pipe Layout for the Distribution System................................................................15
3.2.5. Pipe Fittings............................................................................................................15
3.2.6. Water Point Construction.......................................................................................16
4. ASSESSMENT OF THE INTERNSHIP............................................................................17
4.1. General..........................................................................................................................17
4.2. Acquired Skills.............................................................................................................17
4.3. Challenges of project and solution attempts.................................................................19
4.3.1. Challenge Faced.....................................................................................................19
4.3.2. Solution Attempts...................................................................................................19
4.4. Benefits Achieved.........................................................................................................19
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................20
5.1. Conclusions...................................................................................................................20
5.2. Recommendation..........................................................................................................20
6. REFERENCE......................................................................................................................21
7. APPINDEX.........................................................................................................................22

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Location map of the project area................................................................................3

Figure 3.1. Hard coring............................................................................................................12
Figure 3.2. Reinforcement of base slab...................................................................................13
Figure 3.3.wall construction....................................................................................................14
Figure 3.4. Galvanized Iron Pipe.............................................................................................15
Figure 3.5. Trench excavation.................................................................................................16
Figure 3.6. Water point............................................................................................................16

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1. Population projection of Harawa Muda kebele........................................................8

Table 3.2. Losses consideration for rural.................................................................................10
Appindex 7.1. Water demand summery for Harawa Muda rural water supply project...........21

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1. INTRODUCTION

Safe drinking water is one of the necessities for human beings. However, millions of people
especially in the developing countries like Ethiopia has still low potable water supply and
sanitation coverage that expose the citizens to water born and water related diseases, so Boke
Tiko water supply project is constructed by considering the problems of potable water in
Boke Tiko Woreda, Boke Tiko Kebele. The project area is one of the rural Keble with
shortage of fresh water for domestic use. At present time in the project area, safe water usage
and sanitation facilities coverage are very low. According to the woreda health office, the
major problem related to water born and related diseases that frequently occur in the study
area are diarrheal disease, intestinal disease, typhoid fever and trachoma disease are directly
related to the existing situation of lack of clean and adequate supply of water.

1.1 Background of Hosting Company

West Hararghe Zone Water Development and Energy office engages in water resource
development construction and all water construction related expertise’s work the inter carries
out the professional duty of construction there by supplementing Oromia regional
administrational government realize development action plan in the field of water resource
development.

Office is public institution that performs the professional task of implementing Oromia
regional government’s development endeavors in water resources utilizations.

Vision: of The Office aspires to see all rural, towns and communities are satisfied by using
clean water to eliminate water borne diseases and eradicating poverty by using irrigation in
the next 40 years. The Office aspires to see to increase the quality-based workmanship and
new technology in construction and becoming internationally competitive country in Africa.
Making water available within easy reach of the consumers. Supplying safe and wholesome
water to the consumers and Supplying water in adequate quantity and quality.

1.2 Objective of the Company

The objective of the Company is to construct water related structures, digging wells etc.

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The Office is to produce water which is safe and appealing for human consumption and
improving the living condition of the habitat or people living in that area.

Generally, the objectives of the Office are: to ensure continuity of the water supply for
consumers, to raise public awareness of the effective use of water resource with reliable
information, carry out standardizes study, design and supervision activities of drinking water
so as to make the regional people beneficiary of potable to supply clean and safe water for
drinking, to reduce burden on a woman in collecting water which involves travelling long
distance and to improve social well-being, enhance national economic performance and
ensure equitable provision of adequate water and sanitation services to all users at affordable
cost and on a sustainable basis.

1.3 Background of the Project

The project area is found in Oromia Region, West Hararge Zone of Boke Tiko Wored. The
site is accessed 47 km from Chiro, zone city to Karra Qurqura asphalt concrete road and
62km from Karra Qurqura, Boke Tiko town to Harawa Muda village all weathered road,5km
towards the site (borehole source) also accessible during dry season. The proposed site for
borehole source is located at geographical grid coordinates of 0987781 m. Northing, and
0684830m. Easting, and at altitude of 1776 masl.

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Figure 1. Location map of the project area

(Source: from West Hararghe Zonal Water, Mineral & Energy Office project on Lega Arba
water supply project on 2023)

1.3.1. Climate Condition

The area of study is found in the temperate area locally called "Bada Dare" having altitude
from 1723m to 1776 masl. According to metrological station of Galamso, maximum and the
minimum mean temperature is 21.2 Co and 14.8 Co respectively.

1.4. Major Activities Conducted During the Internship

1.4.1. Office work

During my internship schedule I perform some activity in the office I got this document from
soft copy of water supply project on Harawa Muda that prepared by west Hararghe zonal
water, mineral & energy office on April03/2023.Those are: Reading previous water supply

3
document, reading contractor agreement document, and reading the design document of the
project.

1.4.2. Site work

During this time there are many tasks which I participate on the site work with my advisor
Mr. Masho from August 1 up to 26.those are: By participating on work with the site engineer,
forman, others by asking question and by answering the question which is not clear during
site work.

Site Visit
During the site visit the following activities were done like Pipe alignment, trench excavation
and pipe fittinig.

Construction of water supply component

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2. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY

2.1. Materials

2.1.1. Construction Material

As this section of the report obligates to describe the overall materials have used at the site
for construction purpose, here there are the list of the construction materials used in the site:-
Sand: Is a substance that consists of very small fine grains of rock.
Aggregate: Is fracture of stone that used to make concrete or for building roads etc. Cement:
A grey powder made by burning clay and lime that sets hard when it is mixed with water.
Concrete: -Is a proportioned mixture of cement, sand, gravel, and water to make strong
structure.
Formwork: -Form work is a structure, usually temporary used to contain poured concrete to
mold it to the required dimensions and support until it’s able to support itself.
Pipe: - Pipes are used to convey water from the source to the reservoirs than distribute the
clear water to the population
Water stop: -Water stop is an element of a concrete structure, intended to prevent the
passages of fluids (such as water) when imbedded in and running continuously through
concrete joints.
Bach box: used to measure and carry sand, aggregate and cement.

2.1.2. Equipment’s Used on The Site

Excavator: - Are used to dig the holes, pipe trench excavation, excavate borrows materials,
and to load dump trucks etc.
Dump truck: - Used to carry extra soil that is cut away from the work site, carries the material
from borrow pit, Carries construction materials like sand, wood, rocks etc.
Loader: Used to load materials to dump truck can remove unnecessary materials.
Concrete Mixer: Is the machine used to mix cement, sand, aggregate and water and transport
concrete from batching place to the required site.

Mechanical Vibrator: is used to consolidate concrete when we cast.

Mechanical Compacter: Is used to compact the soil and the hard core for leaving.

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2.2. Methodology

During the project time we have been done all works as necessary by the following best
methods: I followed a certain methodology in this internship program to get more knowledge
Field visit at the project site and collecting relevant data’s (like topographic condition of the
site) and by making group discussion with my friends on what we see and what we done at
the site and at the office, respectively as a team work. By asking questions which were not
clear for us to the site engineer and to our supervisor. By referring previous studies and
design data documents about construction for further information and by taking design
documents from the consultant office and Taking information from the client office.

The primary data sources are as follows: -

✓ Site observation
✓ Doing assignment which is given by my supervisor
✓ From the theoretical and practical training
✓ Interview with site engineer on the methods of construction
✓ Supervision of construction progress at different sites of the project and work with
consultant team.
✓ Taking photographs of site work activities.

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3. TECHNICAL ASPECT OF INTERNSHIP

3.1. General

Water supply system capable of supplying sufficient quantity of potable water is necessary
for a city or a town. In order to analyses as correctly as possible, the total demand of a
particular community, all demands must be considered. Some of the factors which affect the
demand of water are: climatic condition, size of town, culture of people, industries, cost of
water, quantity of water, pressure in the distribution system and system of supply. The
project work is carried out in different section such as: reservoir construction, pipe
installations, construction of water point, and valve chambers.

3.1.1. Design Period

Design period is the number of years for which the designs of the water works have been
done. It is necessary to assure the water work have sufficient capacity to meet the future
water demand of the town for fixed design period. By considering economic cost of
construction and life time of the components of the project design period should be neither
too long nor too short, mostly water works are designed for design period of 22 – 30 years.
Factor which should be kept in view while fixing the design period:
Life span of material that are used in the water supply scheme, rate of interest on the loans
taken to complete the project, operation and maintenance cost, anticipated expansion of the
town and available fund for the project.

3.1.2. Population Forecasting

The design of the water supply project is done on the basis of projected population at the end
of the design period. Otherwise a present scheme will be inadequate in near feature. The
following are the standard method by which the forecasting of population done:

I. Arithmetic Increase method

II. Geometric increase method

III. Incremental increase method

IV. Simple graphical method

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V. The logistic curve method

The Harawa Muda kebele population is expected to have rapid growth, therefore CSA adopt
geometric increase method. The general formula is Pn=P (1+r) n
The central statistics authority (CSA) indicates that the growth rate of the population per year
will be

Table 3.1. Population projection of Harawa Muda kebele

Baseline Population projection

Description Population Years

Base year 2023 2028 2033 2038

population

Growth 2.2% 2% 1.70% 1.40% 1%

rate

Population 4679 4773 5193 5567 5851

Source- From W/H Zonal Water, Minerals and Energy Office on population of Harawa Muda
villege on 2022

Using the formula P n = Po (1+r) n

Where Pn= projected population after ‘n’years.
P= present day population (4679), r = annual
growth rate, n = design period
Sample calculation for period of 5 years Population projected at five-year interval of the
project using Geometric method. P@2023=4679 (1+0.020)1=4773
P@2028=4773 (1+0.017)5=5193

P@2033=5193 (1+0.014)5=5567

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P@2038=5567 (1+0.01)5=5851

3.1.3. Demand Assessment

General for the selection of source and designing of the water supply project, it is necessary
to determine the total quantity of water required for various proposed by the beneficiaries.
For determining the total quantity of water required, different types of demands should be
analyze. The average daily demands considered for Harawa Muda are: -
✓ Domestic demand

✓ Public demand
✓ Unaccounted for water losses
1. Domestic Water Demand (DWD)

The domestic water demand includes water requirements for drinking, cooking, bathing,
washing of clothes, utensils and etc. The average daily per capita demand of water is
estimated 20 liters per day for design period.
DWD = Pn * AWD

Where; DWD= Domestic Water Demand

Pn= Population at the target year (n)

AWD= Average per capital per day water demand

Sample calculation for domestic water demand

DWD@2023= 4773*16= 76368 l/d = 76.368m3/d

2. Public demand (PD)

The water required for Harawa Muda schools, health centers, restaurants, public offices, were
consider under this category. In this particular study, 10% of the domestic water demand was
considered to satisfy the public water demands; of course, this is taking into account that
some social services will be provided within the 15 years design period.

PD = 10% DWD *factor

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PD@2023= 0.1 * 76.368m3/d * 0.9 * 1 = 6.873m3/d

3. Unaccounted for water losses

Unaccounted for water includes water losses due to leakage in the water supply system,
illegal connections overflow from reservoirs and improper metering. This can be expressed
as a percentage of domestic demand and usually varies from 10% to 30% depending on the
age of the pipe and complexity of the system. Here flowing loses should be adapted.

Table 3.2. Losses consideration for rural

Start year 2023 2028 2033 2038

% 15 10 10 10

(Source: From W/H/Z/W/M/E Office on rural water supply project study 2021)

Consumption pattern and peak factor

✓ Maximum Daily demand (MDD)

The maximum daily demand is the maximum day demand over 12 hours in a day. This is
calculated by multiplying average daily demand by a factor of 1.2.

Sample calculation for maximum daily demand

@2023=1.2*84.8 = 101.76 m3/day

✓ Average Daily Demand: the average daily water demands for projected kebele is
calculated as the sum of domestic public and water loss

Sample calculation for total average daily demand

@2023= 73.75 + 11.063 = 84.8m3/day

✓ Peak Hour Demand (PHD)

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Taking into consideration the size of the village and type of services and social activities peak
hour demand is estimated. The peak hour water demand is the highest demand of anyone
hours over the peak day. It represents the hourly variations in water demand resulting from
the behavioral patterns of local population. Though it is difficult to get the peaking hour
factor at this level of study, the factor of 2 was adopt for calculation considering the fact that
the rural community consumes most of its demand in the morning and the evening as the
whole day is working time.

Sample calculation for peak hour’s demand

@2023= 2*84.8 = 169.6m3/day

Therefore, the maximum day water demand for this project will be 1.68lit/sec or 145.32
m3/day under the consideration, pumping, 24 hours.

Capacity of reservoir will be 1/3rd of maximum daily water demand.

Volume of reservoir = 1/3*maximum daily demand = 1/3*145.32m 3/d =48.44m3/d Therefore,
taking standard size of reservoir, 50m3 service reservoir is proposed.

3.2. Service Reservoir

3.2.1. General about Reservoir

Reservoir is structure built to store water for different purposes which include storage to
balance the demand fluctuation, to provide reserve water for special demands like sudden
failure of pumps, in time of repairs, fire and other emergency demands.

Generally, there are two types of reservoir based on their location: -

Surface reservoir: - the type of reservoir constructed on the ground surface, is used when
there is adequate pressure (head) available on the ground surface.

Elevated reservoir: -is built above the ground surface to create pressure for distribution.
Reservoir can also be classified based on their shape as circular, rectangular and other, and
based on the material of construction it is classified as concrete and masonry. So, surface
reservoir is constructed in Harawa Muda water supply project and their shape is circular.

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3.2.2. Construction Procedures
Site clearing: Removing of unwanted materials such as trees which are grew in the place,
stones and fragments from the construction area.

Excavation: Excavation for setting foundation or slabs is done to remove weak materials with
less bearing capacity and reach sustainable strata if any or to make space for insertion of
selected (better) materials and the excavation include area for working space. In our site we
encounter with loose soil and highly weathered materials, so it is completely removed by
labor using hand tools like backhoe and shovels and the excavated depth is 1 m on the lower
level and 1.7 m on higher level.

Uses of excavation on construction areas includes.

To have stable structure, have the place smooth surface and also, to protect the foundation
from erosion and sliding during rainy season.
Hard coring: - Hard core material may be pieces of bricks or crushed rocks can be used, due
to its availability and economic advantage crushed stone pieces are selected in our project.

Hard core filling has three main benefits: Prevent upcoming moisture from reaching
foundation slab, rise height of base slab to surface Provide level, strong and workable surface
for foundation slab. In our project depth of fill used was 35cm.

Figure 3.1. Hard coring

Lean Concrete Filling: this comes after hard core filling is finished basically used to:

12
Fill the gap (space) b/n each core, to have equal concrete cover for the floor reinforcement
bars. Made the floor smooth or leveled and to protect the seepage of water from the ground.

RCC Base slab

Base slab is structure that carries loads that come mainly from the water inside and load of
the structure above it, so it needs to be reinforced strengthen enough to sustain the loads.

Bottom surface is reinforced with 10mm bar at 15 c/c in both ways, top base surface
reinforced with 10mm bar at 20cm c/c and the distance between top and bottom
reinforcementis 20cm

Figure 3.2. Reinforcement of base slab

Shear friction key

Friction key is steel bar like trapezoidal shape. Used to support the vertical bars by
connecting with horizontal bar to make straight and strong for the vertical bar size Ø6mm at
15mmc/c spacing. This is a particular reinforcement which has height of 70cm and gives
additional strength against shear pressure caused by the water at the bottom. The shear
friction key has three main functions.

The first function provide additional strength for bottom part of the wall and the slab. The
second function is add bond between vertical reinforcement and base slab and the last
function is add walls tensile strength against shear failure due to increasing pressure of water
at the bottom

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Construction of the wall

The wall was circular in shape with a thickness of 250mm and it has made from
reinforcement and concrete.

Figure 3.3.wall construction

3.2.3. Accessories of Reservoir

Are systems which makes reservoir functional these include inlet pipe, outlet pipe, washout
pipe, overflow pipe and manhole.

Inlet Pipe: Provide at upper level of the reservoir, used for entry of water Outlet

Pipe: Provide at the bottom of the reservoir used for lift of water.

Wash out pipe: provide at the floor of the reservoir used to remove water and clean the
reservoir.

Overflow pipe: it located above the floor of the reservoir it extends interfamily up to
freeboard.

Vent Pipe: Provide at the top of the reservoir used for free circulation air.

Water level indicator: Used to indicate water level.

Ladder: used to clamp to reservoir for inspection.

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Man hole: Used to entry man for inspection.

Valve chambers: are provided usually for gate valves, air release valves and drain/flush
valves

3.2.4. Pipe Layout for the Distribution System

Distribution pipes are used to deliver water to consumers with appropriate quality, quantity
and pressure.in our project area we use galvanized iron pipe (GIP).

Figure 3.4. Galvanized Iron Pipe

3.2.5. Pipe Fittings

Reducer: is a type of fitting which is used to connect reducer pipe (at reducing flow point)

Coupling: is a type of fitting which is used to connect pipe with pipe.

Union: is a type of fitting which is used to connect pipe with pipe for easy maintenance.

Elbow: is a type of fitting which is used to divert the direction of aligned pipe to vertical or
horizontal direction.

Plug: is a type of fitting which is used to stop distribution.

T-shape: used to distribute water in to two different directions from the main.

Gate valve: are controls of the water through pipe and fixed in main lines.

Excavation for Pipe Installation

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In order to install the pipe, excavation must be required. Since all excavation in this project
has performed by physical labors.

Figure 3.5. Trench excavation

3.2.6. Water Point Construction

Water point is located near to community center to ensure the accessibility. It is also used to
display water to customers. The project supplies water for eight water points. Each water
point has four faucets.

Figure 3.6. Water point

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4. ASSESSMENT OF THE INTERNSHIP

4.1. General

The main purpose of internship is exposing the students to the real world to translate
theoretical knowledge into practical work. To convert theoretical knowledge into practice,
internship encouraged me in such a way to use the theoretical knowledge in practical work.
Internship activates to use or evaluate theoretical knowledge into practical work. It uses to
develop social skills and personal skills in the work place. It imposes someone profession due
to the work in a field. So, I obtained a lot of knowledge from the internship activities on the
work site.

4.2. Acquired Skills

Practical skill: The practical skills I get by directly participating in the project are the
following:

 Critical thinking an ability to evaluate designs, plans and projects.

 How to execute site works.
 How to fix vertical and horizontal reinforcement
 How to construct reservoir
 How to base slab, top slab and wall
 How to check construction material
 How to measure amounts of construction material

Theoretical knowledge

Internship program give me opportunity to apply my theoretical knowledge and acquire

practical skill. During this period, I observe practical applications of courses we took and this
give clearer understanding of courses learned earlier. And from study of other project
documents that are gained from the hosting company saw different problems of work and
generated solutions, they give optional prospect to my understanding.

Management skill

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  How to evaluate the need of workers and keep them in line.
 How to create suitable working environment and keep its safety
 To identify my group strength and weakness
 To communicate all aspects of the project for everyone to understand.
 To genuine interest and care for all people concerned

Interpersonal communication skill

Internship program got us new to working environment and its community there, to achieve
your purpose you got to be familiar with this community and this process develop my
communication skill. Some of skills developed are:

 To hear problems raised by workers and try to solve their problems

 How to communicate with project manager, supervisor, Forman and other workers.
 How to ask questions
 How to get attention in some technical decision-making process.

Team playing skill

There were different teams of workers at the site of project, internship program let us deal
with different groups to acquire the knowledge you came for and these processes gave me or
develop my skill to handle team ideas. I was familiar to each team as member being:

 Works on problem openly and willingly

 Shares communicates constructively
 Show commitment to the team
 Treat other in respectful and supportive manner.
 Listen actively
 Be solver

Improve work ethics

Some the work ethics we gained from the internship are: good agreement, reliability,
tolerance, disciplinary to rule and punctuality.in general work ethics on sites are:

18
  Punctuality and effective time management.
 Responsibility and accountability to a given task.
 Keeping company secrets.
 Transparency in working once duty.

4.3. Challenges of project and solution attempts

4.3.1. Challenge Faced

✓ Lack of transportation, due to cross-roads that means unsuitable way for
transportation.
✓ The working area is far away from towns. As a result of these there is a shortage of
food and quality of water.
✓ Poor connection and the electricity resulting sometimes not able to use mobile phone.

4.3.2. Solution Attempts

I have communicated with the site workers and shared food, water and necessary materials
for site work. Since the site area was far from beds town, I have used the company’s serves
for transportation and sometimes solve the transportation by walking long distance on foot.

4.4. Benefits Achieved

✓ Internship plays an important role to apply practically what we have had known about
the theoretical knowledge.
✓ It helps also to develop practical experience and know how in all water supply and
other Important project works and also acquired lots of skill mentioned above.

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5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1. Conclusions

This internship program is providing to be a bridge between the theoretical and Practical life.
During the past for months I had been able to see different theoretical and practical aspects of
water supply project. Different materials are used for both construction and water distribution
system Excavation of the proposed project is under taken to build the foundation of the
service reservoir with the size of footing 1mx1m and back fill of the excavated surface is
taken by compacting by hand role to level the excavated ground surface.
The service reservoir is circular in shape and having, floor slab, wall, top flat slab, structural
components, like outlet, inlet, wash out, air vessel valves, etc. Different types of pipe
materials are used for distribution system and different materials used for construction
purposes.

5.2. Recommendation

Based on the four months stay in the company for internship program, I would like to
forward the following recommendations:
✓ In the time of trench excavation some farmers properties damaged, like fruit,
vegetable, etc. the company must pay compensate money for damaged properties to
farmers.
✓ During in the time of excavation of trench and foundation of reservoir does not
have soil test since it must do the experiment of soil test.
✓ Some local people disagreement with site managers on their farm land. I advise;
the company creates awareness for local people the use of or the importance of the
project.
✓ There is shortage of transportation service, I recommended; the company increases
the number of service or changes the small car by another one to solve the
transportation problems.
✓ The society around the project area will need special advice to protect spring,
reservoir, pipes and other from damaged.

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6. REFERENCE

Bekamo, M. M. (2022). Location and accessibility of Harawa Muda villege. Chiro.

Mr. Yilma, A. (2022). Water demand of Harawa Muda villege. Chiro.

Office, W. Z. (2022). Population of Boke Tiko town. Chiro.

Oromia Water, M. a. (2022). Study and Design document of Boke Tiko RWSS project.
Finfinne.

W/H Zonal Water, M. a. (2020). Wash Integrated rural water supply project study and design
report . Chiro.

Yilma, M. A. (2022). Water demand of Harawa Muda villege . Chiro.

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7. APPINDEX

Appindex 7.1. Water demand summery for Harawa Muda rural water supply project

Description Unit Years

2022 2023 2028 2033 2038

Population Growth 2.2% 2% 1.7% 1.4% 1%

Rate

No 4,679 4,773 5,193 5,567 5,851

Per capita demand l/c/day 15 16 17 18 19

Domestic demand m3/d 76.4 88.3 100.21 111.17

Socio economic factor 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

Climate factor 1 1 1 1

Adjusted total m3/d 66.87 79.45 90.2 100.05

domestic demand

Non domestic demand m3/d

Public, commercial and M3/d 6.687 7.945 9.02 10.05

industrial demand (10%ADD)

Total demand m3/day 73.75 87.4 99.204 110.055

Non revenue water m3/d 11.063 8.74 9.92 11.0055

Average day demand loss m3/d 84.8 96.14 109.104 145.32

Maximum day factor 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

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Maximum daily demand m3/d 101.76 115.4 130.9 145.32

Peak hour Factor 2 2 2 2

Peak hour Demand m3/d 169.6 192.28 218.21 242.2

Reservoir capacity(1/3*MDD) 33.92 38.467 43.633 48.44

Standard reservoir capacity 50

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